Atmosphere Web quest

Transcription

1 Atmosphere Web quest

2 1. What are the four main layers of the atmosphere? Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Ionosphere Exsosphere

3 2. Which layer is closest to space? Exosphere (upper layer of the thermosphere)

4 3. Which layer is the hottest layer? Thermosphere (reaching 1200 C)

5 4. Which layer is the coldest layer? Mesosphere

6 5. What and where are the ionosphere and exosphere? In the Thermosphere Ionosphere: is the lower layer of the thermosphere. This is where earth s communication is located along with the aurora borealis. Exosphere: is the upper layer of the thermosphere. Satellites are found in this layer.

7 6. Draw a picture of the atmosphere.write or draw a picture of one important fact about each sphere. (make sure you pay attention to the spacing of each sphere one sphere is the smallest.two are about the same in size and one is the largest).

8 7. Why is the atmosphere important? The atmosphere is an important part of what makes Earth livable. It blocks some of the Sun's dangerous rays from reaching Earth. It traps heat, making Earth a comfortable temperature.

9 8. What gases are most common in Earth s atmosphere? Give the percentages. nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and other gases (1%)

10 9. What is the greenhouse effect (describe how it works)? When energy from the Sun makes its way to the Earth s surface has trouble finding its way back out to space. Without the greenhouse effect, Earth s temperature would be below freezing.

11 10. What are the main greenhouse gases? Carbon Dioxide Water Vapor Nitrous oxide Methane

12 11. Describe how each of the gases contribute to the greenhouse effect and how do they get into our atmosphere? Carbon Dioxide: it helps trap heat coming from the Sun in our atmosphere through the greenhouse effect. Without carbon dioxide in our air, the Earth would be very cold. Humans, animals, burning things, engines of cars and trucks.

13 Methane Methane is a greenhouse gas. That means it helps make Earth warm. But if there was too much methane, that could make our planet too warm. Cow burps, Farming rice, garbage dumps, Termites, and Swamps

14 Nitrous Oxide Combustion in car engines, power plants, and factories. They can contribute to smog. They can also contribute to acid rain if mixed with water vapor turning into nitric acid. Nitrogen dioxide will break apart in sunlight and the free oxygen atoms latch onto oxygen molecules forming dangerous ground-level ozone.

15 12. What is air pollution? solid particles and chemicals in the air

16 13. Describe 2 types of air pollution found in our atmosphere? Primary and Secondary Primary pollution is put directly to the air, such as smoke and car exhausts. Secondary pollution forms in the air through chemical reactions

17 14. When did air pollution begin? (Is this just a recent development?) Air pollution is not new. As far back as the 13 th century, people started complaining about coal dust and soot in the air over London, England. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution in the late 1700s, we have been changing the Earth s atmosphere

18 15. What is primary and secondary air pollution? Primary pollution is put directly to the air, such as smoke and car exhausts. Secondary pollution forms in the air through chemical reactions

19 Troposphereic Ozone **What two places is ozone found? Troposphere and stratosphere

20 **What causes troposphereic ozone? In the troposphere, ozone is NOT wanted! It can actually do a lot of damage. Ozone that increases because of certain human activities does become a problem at ground level and this is what we think of as 'bad' ozone. With increasing populations, more automobiles, and more industry (power plants and refineries in particular), there's more ozone in the lower atmosphere. Since 1900, the amount of ozone near the Earth's surface has more than doubled.

21 **Is the ozone found in the troposphere bad for us (explain)? Yes! It is bad for our health. Smog can damage lung tissues, impair an athlete's performance, create more frequent attacks for individuals with asthma, cause eye irritation, chest pain, coughing, nausea, headaches and chest congestion. It can even worsen heart disease, bronchitis, and emphysema.

22 **What s the common name for troposphereic ozone? SMOG

23 17. What are the global effects of air pollution? Explain why the two are a concern. Climate Change affects everyone around the world. What we do here affects people across the world and vise versa.

24 Human Health People have no choice but to breathe the air around them. When it is polluted, they breathe in ozone, particles and harmful gases that can hurt their lungs, heart, and overall health. Air pollution can cause coughing, burning eyes, and breathing problems. Fortunately, people usually feel better when air quality improves.

25 Ozone Hole Explain why this is a concern. Ozone in the stratosphere protects us from ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. The ozone layer is sort of like sunscreen for planet Earth. It absorbs most of the incoming UV "light" before it reaches the ground. This is causing health problems: cancer Warming the Earth

26 What is causing the hole? Various chemicals that humans release into the atmosphere help cause the hole

27 When did scientist discover the ozone hole? 1970 Hole was found over the poles (in the winter)

28 What is acid rain, and explain the effect it has on our environment. Acid rain is a general term used to describe different kinds of acidic air pollution. Although some acidic air pollutants return directly back to Earth, a lot of it returns in rain, snow, sleet, hail, mist or fog, which is why we call it acid rain Acid rain can have harmful impacts on the ecosystems in the environment. It acidifies the soil and water where it falls, damaging or killing plants and animals. Surface water acidification can lead to a decline in, and loss of, fish populations and other aquatic species including frogs, snails and crayfish. Acid rain affects trees, usually by weakening them through damage to their leaves.