Online resource 1: Items used for testing the energy concept in biological contexts

Transcription

1 nline resource 1: Items used for testing the energy concept in biological contexts 111_2 (Aspect: energy forms / sources Level of cognitive complexity: facts) Imagine you are eating a slice of warm pizza. Select those parts of the pizza, which you think store energy that your body can use (for example, for movement)! 2 answers are The heat from the pizza Vitamins Sugar and protein Nutrients Fats

2 211_1 (Aspect: energy transfer / transformation Level of cognitive complexity: facts) Everybody needs energy so they can grow. When growing up, energy is transferred from the environment into the growing body. During this process, the body also transforms energy. Select from the following, where the energy needed for growth comes from. 2 answers are From heat in the environment From fat and proteins in foods From the energy of the sunlight From the energy of sugar in foods From water

3 312_1 (Aspect: energy degradation / dissipation Level of cognitive complexity: facts) A tree absorbs energy from the sun in the form of light. The tree then transforms this energy. Select from the following points, where you can rediscover the light s energy after the transformation. 2 answers are In growing parts of the tree, shed leaves and branches In the tree s movement (for example, movement of leaves) In the energy from water that the tree releases into the environment after using it In heat released by different processes in the tree (e.g. during the transformation of sunlight in leaves). This heat is then released into the environment. In electrical currents in nerves, which control the tree s functions

4 411_2 (Aspect: energy conservation Level of cognitive complexity: facts) Energy A muscle absorbs energy and transforms it. Select, where you can rediscover the energy after the transformation. 2 answers are In the muscle s movement (as long as the muscle is moving) When the muscle stops moving, energy can no longer be found anywhere In heat released in the movement of the muscle In electrical currents of nerves that control the muscles of the body In sugar that is produced during the energy transformation in the muscle

5 112_2 (Aspect: energy forms / sources Level of cognitive complexity: facts) Plants grow new leaves in spring. The energy for growing the leaves has to be stored in autumn, for example, in seeds or flowering bulbs. s Tick the options, where you think the plant stores this energy 2 answers are In protein and fat (e.g. in seeds) In light stores: in summer, leaves absorb energy and store it. In oxygen from the air that is stored in small holes In sugar that is collected as an energy store in the leaves in summer In vitamins and nutrients which the tree absorbs

6 211_2 (Aspect: energy transfer / transformation Level of cognitive complexity: facts) When people move, they transform energy. Select from the list, where the energy for these transformations comes from. 2 answers are From heat energy in the environment. From food, specifically from fat, sugar and protein. From water From sunlight. It warms the body and thereby causes the muscles to move. From energy of the oxygen in the air. It is needed to degrade food.

7 312_2 (Aspect: energy degradation / dissipation Level of cognitive complexity: facts) Light A leaf absorbs energy from sunlight. This energy is transformed in the leaf. Select where you can rediscover the energy after the transformation. 2 answers are In water that the tree emits into the environment after using it In the movement of the leaf In heat released by different processes in the leaf, which is then released into the environment In sugar which the tree builds up as a form of storage by using sunlight. The leaf can grow with the support of sugar as building material. In light that is stored in the leaf. It can be found in light stores, which slowly release light to the leaf.

8 412_2 (Aspect: energy conservation Level of cognitive complexity: facts) Snowdrops grow in February. As the plants grow, the snow melts around the plant. For its growth, the plant transforms energy from the energy store in its flower bulb. Select from the list where you can rediscover the energy from the flower bulb after its transformation. 2 answers are In growing parts of the plant In heat released into the environment In the movement of the plant In the energy of released air In electrical currents of nerves that control functions of the plant

9 121_1 (Aspect: energy forms / sources Level of cognitive complexity: mappings) A person climbs a mountain. The energy the person needs for climbing can be described with the points below. Match each of the four points to the correct energy form. Energy forms In each line, one energy form is correct. Thermal energy Kinetic energy Potential energy Chemical energy 1) The speed of the person 2) The person s body and the food that s in the body 3) The height of the person on the mountain 4) The person s body heat Correct responses:

10 223_2 (Aspect: energy transfer/transformation Level of cogn. complexity: mappings) If a bear wakes up in winter and leaves its cave, it s protected from the cold by its layer of fat. It limits the release of heat to the outside world and produces body heat. For the following three steps, select (A) which pair of energy forms is involved and (B) how the energy is passed on! (A) Pair of energy forms (B) How energy is passed on For each of the three steps, tick one box for (A) AND one box for (B). Chemical energy Kinetic energy Chemical energy Thermal energy Thermal energy Thermal energy Transfer, because the energy form stays the same Transformation, because the energy form changes. (1) WITHUT its layer of fat, the body heat of the bear would be emitted given off to the surrounding air very quickly. (2) The chemical energy of the layer of fat is burned up. In this process, the body of the bear heats up. (3) If the bear wakes up in winter, its body will use energy from the layer of fat so that he can move. (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)

11 323_1 (Aspect: energy degradation/dissipation Level of cogn. complexity: mappings) Mouse (warm-blooded) Gekko (cold-blooded) Required energy Warm-blooded animals (body temperature remains constant as outside temperature changes) need 10 times more energy than similar cold-blooded animals (body temperature changes with outside temperature). Warm-blooded animals degrade much more energy. Select the options that correctly explain the meaning of energy degradation in this process! Several options can be Warm-blooded animals use much more energy to keep their body temperature constant. Heat energy, which is released into the environment, can no longer be used by the animal. Energy leaking as heat into the environment, can only be transformed by warmblooded animals into less valuable energy forms (e.g. movement). nce energy leaked as heat into the environment, warm-blooded animals cannot transform it back into chemical energy as a food source. The degraded energy can be re-charged. But warm-blooded animals have to take up additional energy with food to run this process.

12 421_1 (Aspect: energy conservation Level of cognitive complexity: mappings) food For (A), select 1 option in each line. For (B), select 1. into the enviro nment into the blood A person absorbs energy from the environment and transforms it in its body. A part of the energy is released back into the environment, whereas another part remains in the body. (A) In the following three steps, select if the energy is absorbed by the body / stored in it, R, if it s released back into the environment. Energy absorbed by / stored in the body Energy released by the body into the environment 1) Chemical energy from food 2) Chemical energy in growing body parts 3) Energy transformed into heat in the body (B) Select the correct relation of the given amounts of energy. The amount of energy absorbed from the environment is smaller than is larger than is equal to the amount of energy released into the environment AND the amount of energy stored in the body. (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)

13 221_2 (Aspect: energy transfer/transformation Level of cogn. complexity: mappings) Chemical energy In order to be able to walk, muscles pass on chemical energy from food. For the following three steps, select (A) which pair of energy forms is involved and (B) how the energy is passed on! (A) Energy forms (B) How energy is passed on For each of the three steps, tick one box for (A) AND one box for (B). Kinetic energy Kinetic energy Chemical energy Kinetic energy Chemical energy Thermal energy Transfer, because the energy form remains the same Transformation, because the energy form changes (1) Chemical energy from food is passed on to the muscle. As a result, the muscle contracts. (2) As the muscle produces movement, heat is also released. (3) The movement of the muscle is conveyed to the leg and then to the body. The whole person can then move. (A) (B) (A) (B) (A) (B)

14 323_2 (Aspect: energy degradation/dissipation Level of cogn. complexity: mappings) Chemical energy from food A bird is flying. While flying, the chemical energy derived from food is not only transformed into kinetic energy of the bird s wing, but energy is also degraded during this process. Select the options that correctly explain the meaning of energy degradation in this process! Several options can be Chemical energy is transformed into kinetic energy and is thereby degraded. The degraded energy has to be recharged with further chemical energy. Chemical energy is transformed into kinetic energy. In the process, energy is also transformed into thermal energy, which can no longer be used by the bird. In the process of transforming chemical energy, energy is also degraded as heat. This energy can no longer be transformed into other forms of energy. In the process of transforming chemical energy, energy is also degraded as heat. It s difficult for the bird to transform this energy into more kinetic energy. Correct choices :

15 122_1 (Aspect: Energy forms / sources Level of cognitive complexity: mappings) ligh Plants produce sugar for their growth from carbon dioxide ( C 2 ) with the help of sunlight. The amount of sugar that is produced depends on several aspects. Match each of the four points to the correct energy form. Energy forms In each line, one energy form is correct. Thermal energy Light energy Kinetic energy Chemical energy 1) Sunlight 2) Temperature of the environment 3) Wind speed (in a storm, leaves rarely directly face the sun) 4) Sugar produced for plant growth with the help of sunlight Correct choices :

16 423_2 (Aspect: energy conservation Level of cognitive complexity: mappings) For (A), select 1 option in each line. For (B), select 1. Reindeers find lots of food in northern Canada in summer. As it gets colder in autumn, the animals move south. n the way, they can absorb energy, emit energy or store energy in their body. s (A) For each of the following three cases, select whether the energy in each step is absorbed by the reindeer, R, stored in its body / released into the environment. Energy emitted by the reindeer Energy stored in the reindeer s body / released into the environment 1) Kinetic energy (which eventually becomes heat) 2) Energy transformed into heat in various processes inside the reindeer s body 3) Chemical energy of food (which the reindeer eats before or during its move south) (B) Select the correct ratio of the given amounts of energy. The amount of energy absorbed by the reindeer is equal to smaller than larger than the amount of energy stored in the reindeer AND the energy released the environment. Correct choices : (A) (B)