Biosolids Rules Ohio Administrative Code

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1 Biosolids Rules Ohio Administrative Code NESOWEA Annual Operations Seminar January 21, 2016 Melanie Barbis Division of Surface Water Northeast District

2 Federal Delegation March 16, 2005: Ohio EPA received delegation from U.S. EPA for the land application and landfilling of sewage sludge.

3 Biosolids Rules OAC , sections Effective July 1,

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5 2014 Ohio Sewage Sludge Management 100, , , , Dry Tons 60, , , , , , Exceptional Quality Class B Landfill Incineration Management Option

6 Northeast District

7 Definitions OAC Sewage Sludge means a solid, semi-solid, or liquid residue generated during the treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works. Biosolids means sewage sludge that has been treated for beneficial use. Beneficial Use means the placement of biosolids onto the land for agronomic benefit. Agronomic Benefit means any process that promotes or enhances plant growth and includes, but is not limited to, a process that increases soil fertility and moisture retention.

8 General Requirements OAC /8 screening required by July 1, 2015

9 General Requirements OAC Exclusions Incinerator Ash Grit and screenings Industrial wastewater sludge Drinking water residuals Domestic, commercial or industrial septage Grease trap waste

10 NPDES Permit & Management Plan Requirements OAC NPDES permits contain sludge monitoring requirements. Land Application Management Plans (LAMPs) may be issued with special conditions.

11 Biosolids Classifications OAC Exceptional Quality (EQ) Pathogens significantly reduced Must meet one of P-8 through P-16 and one of VAR-1 through VAR-8 Lawn & home garden use Class B Pathogens reduced to levels that protect human health & the environment Can meet any of the pathogen & vector attraction reduction alternatives Site Restrictions

12 Pathogen Reduction Biosolids Classifications P1 Geometric Mean of 7 Fecal Coliform Samples P2 Aerobic Digestion P3 Air Drying P4 Anaerobic Digestion P5 Class B Composting P6 Lime Treatment P7 Equivalent Process to Significantly Reduce Pathogens P8 Time and Temperature Regime P9 High ph and High Temperature Process P10 Exceptional Quality Composting P11 Heat Drying P12 Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion P13 Beta Ray Irradiation P14 Gamma Ray Irradiation P15 Pasteurization P16 Equivalent Process to Further Reduce Pathogens Vector Attraction Reduction VAR1 38% Volatile Solids Reduction VAR2 Bench Scale Anaerobic Digestion VAR3 Bench Scale Aerobic Digestion VAR4 Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate VAR5 Aerobic process Time and Temperature VAR6 Lime Treatment VAR7 Greater Than or Equal to 75% Solids VAR8 Greater Than or Equal to 90% Solids VAR9 Injection VAR10 Immediate Incorporation - Exceptional Quality Biosolids Note: Class B Biosolids can utilize any pathogen reduction alternative and vector attraction option.

13 Notice & Necessary Information (NANI) OAC The treatment works provides receiver with: Metal and nutrient testing results PR achievement VAR achievement Beneficial user (land applier) provides farm operator with: Nutrient concentrations Beneficial use rates

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16 Beneficial Use Site Authorization OAC Each site where Class B biosolids are land applied must be authorized by Ohio EPA. Ohio EPA reviews the following: Soil test results for ph and phosphorus levels Soil descriptions for depth to bedrock (3 min.) Vicinity to public water supply wells Generator of biosolids versus vicinity to residences in area (potential odor issues) Each site is added to our GIS map as part of the approval process

17 Ohio EPA Beneficial Use Site Tracking

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19 Field Storage Requirements OAC

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21 Beneficial Use of Class B Biosolids OAC Phosphorus Requirements Effective July 1, 2013 Evaluate phosphorus loadings as well as nitrogen loadings for beneficial use. Limit of phosphorus application are based on the soil tests for the beneficial use site

22 Agronomic Rate Soil Phosphorus Level (ppm Bray-Kurtz P1 extraction) Nitrogen Rate 250 lbs/acre P2O5 (use most limiting) 250 to 500 lbs/acre P2O5 Single-Year P2O5 Multi-Year P2O5 P-Index Additional Notes 0-40 X X X₁ X ₁ Must be injected or incorporated within 24 hrs; or >50% ground cover at time of beneficial use and no further phosphorus application for 3 yrs X X₂ X ₂ Max of 5 yrs. and no further phosphorus application for number of years spread X X X >150 X

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25 Beneficial Use of Class B Biosolids OAC Precipitation Restrictions No beneficial use when the forecast predicts a 50% chance that ½ inch of rain will occur within 24 hours unless the biosolids are injected or immediately incorporated.

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27 Isolation Distance Requirements Surface Application (feet) Injection/Immediate Incorporation (feet) Bedrock 3 3 Surface Waters Sinkhole 300 without grass buffer; 100 with grass buffer 300 without grass buffer; 100 with grass buffer Occupied Building Private Water Source

28 Beneficial Use of Class B Biosolids OAC Frozen and/or snow covered ground: Surface application from December 15 through March 1 is prohibited, unless injected or incorporated within 24 hours of application. Surface application to frozen and snow covered ground during the rest of the year will have to be in accordance with NRCS Waste Utilization Code 633.

29 Beneficial Use of Class B Biosolids OAC Frequently Flooded Sites Same day incorporation or injection during periods when flooding is expected Ground Slope > 15% same day incorporation or injection OR field is established and managed in contour strips Soil Monitoring Required every 3 years at beneficial use sites Phosphorus ph 5.5

30 Beneficial Use of Class B Biosolids OAC Beneficial use sites with tile drainage If liquid biosolids are to be beneficially used, tile outlet monitoring is required. Agronomic rates are limited. ½ inch or 13,000 gallons/acre/day Tools shall be used to disrupt preferential flow pathways during beneficial use or all tile outlets shall be plugged.

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32 Harvesting Restrictions OAC Type of Crop Description Time for Harvest After Beneficial Use Food crops Harvested parts touch biosolids 14 months Food crops Food crops Other food, feed, and fiber crops Harvested parts below the surface; Biosolids on surface > 4 months Harvested parts below the surface; Biosolids on surface < 4 months 20 months 38 months - 30 days Pasture Animal Grazing 30 days Landscaping Vegetation High potential for public exposure 1 year 32

33 Monitoring Requirements OAC PR and VAR Narrative Description Treatment works must maintain documentation of how PR and VAR compliance is attained. Shall be written in form of SOP and contain: Sample monitoring/collection locations; Sample collection frequency; Sample collection procedure; Sample preservation procedures; and Sample analysis procedures, including calculations.

34 Facility Storage Requirements OAC

35 Signage Requirements OAC Signs must be posted at least one week prior to delivery. Signs must be posted for a minimum time period based on public exposure potential. Records of when the signs are posted and removed shall be maintained.

36 Spill Notification Requirements OAC

37 Important Reminders for Beneficial Use Have the biosolids been sampled? Have the PR & VAR requirements been met? Is the site authorized? Are the soil samples current? Has the Agronomic Rate been calculated? Have NANIs been prepared? Are signs in place? Has the forecast been checked and printed?

38 Ohio EPA s Biosolids Program Contacts Chris Moody primary Northeast District Office Division of Surface Water 2110 East Aurora Road Twinsburg, OH Phone: (330) chris.moody@epa.ohio.gov Melanie Barbis secondary Northeast District Office Division of Surface Water 2110 East Aurora Road Twinsburg, OH Phone: (330) melanie.barbis@epa.ohio.gov Andy Gall Northwest District Office Division of Surface Water 347 North Dunbridge Road Bowling Green, OH Phone: (419) andrew.gall@epa.ohio.gov Betsy VanWormer Central, Southeast, and Southwest District Offices Division of Surface Water P.O. Box 1049 Columbus, Ohio Phone: (614) betsy.vanwormer@epa.ohio.gov

39 Questions??