Microgrid R&D in KERI

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Cassandra Merritt
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1 Microgrid Symposium 2010 Microgrid R&D in KERI , Vancouver New & Renewable Energy System Research Center Smart Grid Research Division Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute JongBo

2 Contents I. Short history of Microgrid research in KERI II. Pilot Microgrid in KERI III. On-going projects and future works - Inside KERI - National project IV. Conclusion & Vision

3 I. Short history of Microgrid in KERI q Microgrid projects in KERI ü Development of autonomous Microgrid( , J. B. Ahn) First Microgrid project in Korea DG infrastructure installed : PV, WT, BESS, D/E etc Government-support projects funded : PV-WT hybrid system etc ü Development of Prototype KERI Microgrid( , J. H. Jeon) Focus on developing core technologies and devices : u-ems, IED/STS 120kW class prototype Microgrid completed : Testbed for devices and system Real/Simulated DG, Simulated Load, EMS, Grid-connected/Stand-alone mode, Re-Sync. Unique Microgrid system in Korea ü Development of 200kW LV Microgrid commercialized version(2009-, S.M. Kwon) System upgrade for actual load : Network, ESS, PV, WT 등 Planed for operation in KERI research building Attempt to commercialize MG for building : enhanced power quality, CHP/ESS applied, integrating BEMS with MG -1-

4 ü System configuration in 1 st phase 22.9kV D/L PQCC PQ Compensators ESS Microgrid EMS Weather Monitor PQM Tr. Simulated D/L GateWay IED STS Digital meter Noncritical load Critical load Load Load Sim. (9kW) FC/PV Simulator (10kW) Fuel Cell (1kW) DG D/E Gen (20kVA) WT Simulator (20kVA) -2-

5 ü DG & Infrastructure PV Array(9kW) Fuel Cell(1kW) D/L for test Diesel Generator(20kW) El. Load(9kW) Protection Panel WindTurbine(3kW) M-G set(20kw) Simulators -3-

6 ü Infrastructure Weather Suite Tr. For MG RTDS, Power Amp Hybrid, BESS Passive Load D/L Module -4-

7 ü Core devices & technologies PCS for MG EMS STS/IED Design & analysis tech. Engineering tech. Frequency(Hz) ReactivePower(kVar) ActivePower(kW) PowerFlowofPCC(kW/kVar) TotalLoadr(kW/kVar) Frequency(Hz) ReactivePower(kVar) ActivePower(kW) PowerFlowofPCC(kW/kVar) TotalLoadr(kW/kVar) S im u la tio n R e s u lts S im u la tio n R e s u lts To t a lp lo a d T o ta lq lo a d To t a lp lo a d T o ta lq lo a d Pg r id Q g r id Pg r id Q g r id P_ B ES S P_ D S P _ PV P _ W IND P_ B ES S P_ D S P _ PV P _ W IND Q _ B ES S Q _ DS Q _ PV Q _ W IN D Q _ B ES S Q _ DS Q _ PV Q _ W IN D f s y s f s y s V _ PCC V _ L o a d 1 V _ L o a d 2 V _ PCC V _ L o a d 1 V _ L o a d 2 Voltage(P.U) Voltage(P.U)

8 ü Microgrid configuration at 2 nd phase PCS : Hybrid WT : Simulator PV : 9kW Array -Wind Pattern PCS : HEX/KERI RES : Simulator -Irradiation pattern -6-

9 II. Pilot Microgrid in KERI q Distinguishing features of KERI Microgrid ü Controllable/Uncontrollable DG Controllable DG : D/E, BESS, FC Uncontrollable/Intermittent DG : PV, WT For functional test of EMS considering operational characteristics of DG s ü Real/Simulated DG Real DG : PV, D/E, FC, BESS Simulator : PV, WT, CHP For low initial investment, repetitive test on same condition, easy operation regardless of weather condition ü Critical/Sheddable Load Critical Load : keep PQ Sheddable Load : Supply-Demand Balance by DLC ü Simulated Co-generation and thermal load Natural gas service and G/E not available in KERI Simulated thermal load and supply implemented on EMS S/W -7-

10 q PV array vs. PV Simulator ü PV array : dependent on weather condition ü PV simulator can change the solar irradiation arbitrary DC power supply emulating I-V characteristic curve of PV array PV array PV simulator -8-

P M 1 2 = rpr CPV 2 1 5 = rpr C 2 P 3 WIND w l 3 M 3 P M P M M

11 q WT vs. WT Simulator ü Wind Turbine : dependent on weather condition(wind speed) ü WT simulator can change the wind pattern arbitrary M-G set emulating wind turbine and generator P M 1 2 = rpr CPV = rpr C 2 P 3 WIND w l 3 M 3 P M P M M A X Mechanical power 0 V 3 V 2 V 1 ω M T u rbin e s p e e d [ ra d /s ] Wind turbine char. equation Measured wind pattern & M-G set -9-

Scaling from actual load pattern : light/heavy load Active/Reactive

12 q Load vs. Load Simulator ü Measured the actual load pattern ü Load Simulator Scaling from actual load pattern : light/heavy load Active/Reactive load changing by PLC controlled RLC passive load bank Measured load pattern(a), scale-down patterns(b-d) Load bank & controller -10-

13 q CHP Simulator ü CHP is essential for economic point of view in Microgrid ü Thermal load, CHP equipment and gas supply needed ü CHP Simulator Gas engine : emulated by diesel engine Thermal load : use pattern data in EMS Thermal Eff. Electrical Eff. Thermal(kWt ) Eff.(%) Time(sec) CHP1 CHP2 HOB Load % 50% 75% Load factor 100% Typical G/E output char. EMS & thermal load pattern -11-

14 q IED/STS ü IED(intelligent electronic device) Integrated measuring and protection Re-synchronization Power quality monitoring ü STS(static transfer switch) Thyristor-based switch Auto/Manual/Bypass mode STS IED IED/STS Panel -12-

15 III. On-going projects & Future works q KERI Microgrid projects : Target ü AC-DC integrated power system for LV customer ü Actual load test in demonstration site : building in KERI DC N/W AC N/W Comm EMS AC customer STS AC DG : WT, D/E Utility PV DC Power Line Bedrooms Home Office IUT (AC->DC) Home Entertainment Kitchen DG DC customer DC customer DC DG : PV, BESS, FC -13-

16 ü Integration of DC distribution equipments Home & building Renewable(3kW) ESS(3kW) 300V DC BUS M Appliance, PC, TV Motor load Heat : Oven Lighting : LED -14-

17 ü System upgrade(i) : EMS Functions implemented - Export/Import control at PCC - Supervisory control of BESS - Thermal load following Functions planed - Forecasting : load & generation - Generation scheduling : Unit Commitment - Economic dispatch Generation Schedule & Dispatch Make the balance between demand and supply Optimize the objective function related to Microgrid system For the generation schedule & dispatch : Forecast (Load & Renew Gen), UC and ED Algorithm Supervisory Control Tie-line control (Power and voltage control at PCC) Upstream power system fault detection and disconnection Reconnection to upstream power system Secondary regulation regarding energy storage system -15-

18 ü System upgrade(ii) : ESS(energy storage system) Modular PCS for Supercapacitor & Battery Battery operational technology for prolonging battery life Technology for minimizing ESS at stand-alone mode : variation of load and DER output : Wind turbine Combined ESS : Supercapacitor & Battery à Fast response & battery life prolongation G9 L1 G10 Scap Stack G7 G1 G3 G5 L2 G8 C1 G2 G4 G6 L3 C2 Δ Y Battery Stack Bidirectional DC-DC converter 3 phase DC-AC Inverter Transformer 380[V]/380[V] -16-

Flow Control in connected Mode Transition to Islanded Mode/Resynch.

19 ü System upgrade(iii) : Energy sources Phase 3 Pilot Plant Structure ü Components 9 Sources, MMS, IED/STS, Loads 2 DGs (20kVA D/E, 50kVA D/E) 5 Renewables (20kVA PV/Wind Hybrid, 30kW PV, 10kW Wind, 10kW Thermo-Electric, 1kW Fuel Cell) 2 Storage (50kW BESS, 30kW EDLC) ü Operations PCC Power Flow Control in connected Mode Transition to Islanded Mode/Resynch. Frequency and Voltage Control in Island Mode Economically Optimized Dispatch Black Start, Power Quality Compensation 3 Phase 380V, 200kVA ü Purposes Operation Test with Real-Site Load Demonstrate a Low Voltage Commercial Power Supply System -17-

20 q National projects on Microgrid ü Phase II( ) plan Project Management (KOEMA) 1-sub project (KEPRI) - Develop core devices : EMS, GW, PCS, PQCC - Grid-connected type site construction & performance evaluation 2-sub project (KERI) - Stand-alone type site construction & performance evaluation - Develop engineering tech. - Support for standardization & mitigation of regulation Device provides : EMS, GW, PCS etc Device test : Before installation Technical support for grid-connected type : Basic design, spec., procedure of test -18-

21 ü Construction of Stand-alone MG site & Development of engineering tech. Summary [Definition] Proof of platform for smart renewables [Target] Construction of Independent MG Site(Several 100kW class) [Period] (3yr) [Budget] $2M Internet EMS Weather suite Desalination plant SCADA Customer : Gapa island D/E PP -19-

Clean Power Market Microgrid can be core technology

22 IV. Conclusion & Vision q KERI Microgrid Vision Cleaner Grid Self-healing Mass-scale Renewables Clean Power Market Microgrid can be core technology under smart grid : KERI will lead microgrid technologies -20-

23 q Conclusion ü Brief history of Microgrid research in KERI 1 st phase : Basic infrastructure implemented 2 nd phase : Pilot plant rated 120kW with simulated load/dg s 3 rd phase : Actual demonstration site rated 200kW with real load/dg s ü System upgrade for demonstration site Upgrade : EMS, ESS, Network etc AC/DC integrated power supply system in KERI building ü Construct independent Microgrid in Gapa island by 2011 ü Vision of KERI Microgrid technology Thank you for attention! -21-

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