EMEP Status report 4/2010

Transcription

1 EMEP Status report 4/21 Contents Status of emissions Measurement and model assessment EMEP Intensive Measurement Periods Mediterranean aerosol phenomenology Recent advances of EC/BC Observation of aerosols from space Contributors: K.E. Yttri, W. Aas, K. Tørseth, K, Stebel, A.F. Vik, A.M Fjæraa, D. Hirdman (CCC) S. Tsyro, D. Simpson (MSC-W) K. Marečková, R. Wankmüller (CEIP) Z. Klimont, K. Kupiainen, M. Amann, (CIAM) R. Bergström, E. Nemitz, X. Querol, A. Alastuey, J. Pey, R. Gehrig

2 PM 1 and PM 2. concentration, 28 more sites in 28 compared to 27 Southern and Eastern Europe have notably the highest level Coastal areas are found to be particularly high for PM 1 (sea salt influence) On average 6% compared to average of all urban background sites (AirBase). PM 2. /PM 1 is on average.62 (.9 for the model) Smaller for the southern sites compared to the northern and central Europa EMEP SB 21

3 PM 1 PM 2. Number of exceeding days ( and 2 µg m -3 for PM 1 and PM 2. ) EMEP SB 21

4 PM 1 and PM 2. in 28 compared to 27 8% (77%) of the sites experienced lower annual mean concentrations of PM 1 (PM 2. ). On average 9% (17%) decrease The model calculated concentrations of PM 1 and PM 2. are between and 2% lower in 28 than in 27 for large parts of the EMEP area. Spatial differences: Decrease: 2-3% lower in Spain, northern Scandinavia and France, which were attributed both to lower emissions and more precipitation Increase: -2% increase in UK, Romania, Bulgaria, eastern Ukraine, Caucasus area. Attributed to emission changes and additional effect of decreased precipitation 2-3% increase in eastern Mediterranean, parts of south-eastern and central Europe -increased contribution of natural dust. EMEP SB 21

5 Trends in mass concentrations 3 PM 1 µg/m AT2 CH2 DE1 GB36 ES13 CH SE12 AT NO Significant decrease of PM 1 at six sites (of eighteen sites) and increase at one site For PM 2., there is a significant decrease at three of the seven sites.1.9 EMEP SB 21

6 Problems and concern regarding automated measurement systems (AMS) Ratio TEOM / Gravimetry TEOM-FDMS Type C AMS doesn t yet provide sufficiently stable data over long time periods Within EMEP, the gravimetric reference method should be used where possible for measurements of PM Periodic comparison with the standard reference method shall be used where possible. Improvements needed Correct documentation of metadata for PM (e.g. used methods) is crucial. Field and laboratory intercomparison of PM to be discussed/considered For spatial and temporal assessments, considerations concerning data homogeneity are very important. EMEP SB 21

7 Secondary inoganic aerosols (SIA) ) (% 1 - /PM 2 O 4 S 2 % 2 % 1 % 1 % % Trends in relative SO 4 2- to PM 1 NO1 ES13 CH2 AT2 IT1 % The average relative contribution of SIA to PM 1 in the observations: SO 4 2- = 12±4% NO 3 - = 11±% NH 4+ = 6±2%. EMEP SB 21

8 EC/OC data reported to EMEP for 28 Site (Country) EC OC PM 2. PM 1 Period Birkenes (Norway) x x x x 21, 22, 23, 24, 2, 26, 27, 28 Ispra (Italy) x x x 22 1), 23 2), 24 2), 2 2), 26, 27, 28 Melpitz (Germany) x x x x 26, 27, 28 Montseny (Spain) x x x x 27, 28 Pay de Dome (France) x x x 28 Cambisabalos (Spain) x x x x 28 Aspvreten (Sweden) x x x 28 Vavihill (Sweden) x x x 28 + An increased number of sites reporting levels of EC and OC + Reference method for the analytical part is finalized (EUSAAR protocol) - Still challenges concerning the design of the artefact-free sampling train. -Some sites correct for artefacts and other not Hampers comparability EMEP SB 21

9 Mass closure A strong need for concurrent measurements of SIA, EC, OC (i.e chemical speciation on same days) Mineral dust hardly measured Melpitz (Germany) Higher NO3 contribution in winter volatile NH4NO3 More unknown Why? Not more mineral OC to OM? EMEP SB 21

10 Recent advances in SOA modelling (EMEP model for particulate carbonaceous matter) Including a scheme for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from biogenic and anthropogenic VOCs, gas/particle partitioning of semi-volatile organic compounds, using the volatility basis set (VBS) approach Four versions of the EMEP PCM model tested Model performances vary between stations large uncertainties still exists for SOA modelling The biogenic emissions are very uncertain Future plans Make use of data from EMEP intensive and EUCAARI for source-apportionment of the aerosol EMEP SB 21

11 Ex. Source apportiment Preliminary results from the SONORA (Nordic project) F1 (Hyytiälä) 8% of TC content can be attributed to OC nf, (biogenic:pbap + BSOA) 8% of the EC can be attributed to combustion of fossil fuel EMEP SB 21

12 Recent advances in BC/EC improved emissions and update on EMEP modelling on EC new measurements in EMEP related to optical properties of aerosol (BC) Compare model with absorption method has been a challenge EC from EMEP intensive period (fall 28). Model run using two IIASA EC emissions EMEP SB 21

13 EMEP intensive measurement period 2 1 SMR 2 MHD/IE HW/GB36 CHL MSY/ES BU/GB PDD 2 VHL/SE MPZ/DE44 CBW/NL PAY/CH2 JFJ/CH SPC BAR HEL KPO/HU PUI Overview of the nonrefractory submicron aerosol chemical composition. The three bars in each plot refer to the three EMEP/EUCAARI Intensive Measurement Periods (Apr/May 28; Sep/Oct 28; Feb/Mar 29). Green=organic aerosol mass; red = sulphate; orange = ammonium; blue = nitrate; pink = chloride (preliminary data). 1 2 FKL/GR2 1 1 EMEP SB 21

14 -3 Aerosol Concentration [µg m ] Time series, AMS March SMR (Finland) HEL (Finland) VHL/SE11 BU/GB33 MHD/IE31 CBW/NL11 MPZ/DE44 CHB (UK) Org SO4 PAY/CH2 2- NH4 + NO3 PDD (France) - - Cl MSY/ES17 BAR (Spain) FKL/GR2 21/2/29 26/2/29 3/3/29 8/3/29 13/3/29 18/3/29 23/3/29 28/3/29 EMEP SB 21

15 Mediterranean aerosol phenomenology TOTAL NO AFRICAN ANNUAL MEAN PM 1 Victor Hugo Valderejo Febbio O saviñao Drome Torms Genas Peñausende Fontechiari Rojen peak Monagrega Montseny µg/m Mean net African dust in PM 1 µg/m Barcarrota Víznar Zarra Bellver Censt Boccadifalco Finokalia Ayia Marina PM 1 and PM 2. increase from west to east and north to south Summer maximum in west and in spring in east Crustal material and sulfate dominate. Less carbonaceous matter and nitrate than central Europe Coarse nitrate dominate in east in contrast to fine nitrate in west (NH 4 NO 3 ) Higher formation of SOA in west compared to east Urban increment of PM appears high compared to central Europe EMEP SB 21

16 Satellite products and services NASA Aqua 28/8 3/2/8 1:4 UTC Aerosol Optical Depth at nm from MODIS Terra on March 28. PM 1 mass concentration from the Ayia Marina, Cyprus in March 28: 2/3-28 EMEP SB 21

17 Work plan, Particulate matter Further in dept analyse the results from the intensive measurement periods Focus on source apportiment EURODELTA follow up projectazerbaijan in 21 Continue to develop the secondary organic aerosols (SOA) module in the EMEP model using EMEP intensive measurements (29) and other data (MSC-W, CCC); Support further developments in the EECCA region Training course in data reporting, QA/QC.. (19-21 Oct 21) EC/OC + levoglucosan for one year at 4 EECCA sites (KZ,MD,GE,AR) New level 1 site will be established in Investigate the transport of particles from Europe to the Arctic area EMEP SB 21