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Christian Stafford
6 years ago
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1 Music

2 Scotland Lights up Malawi Introduction to climate change and climate justice Julian Holbrook Community Action Support Officer

3 Aims of today

4 Structure of the session Part 1 - Climate change definitions, what is it? and common myths Part 2 - Changing climate patterns and consequences Part 3 - Actions and climate justice Part 4 - Sharing further information Part 5 - Sum up and close 4

5 Structure of the session By the end of today s session you will know: 1. What climate change is and why it is happening 2. Why some people find it a difficult issue to deal with 3. What climate justice means and why it is an important approach to climate change 4. How the climate is changing 5. How a changing climate is affecting people in Scotland and Malawi 6. What steps positive steps and actions people are already taking to tackle climate change 5

6 EXERCISE What do you love?

7 Film For the love of

8 Part 1 - Climate change Definitions What is it? Common myths

9 DISCUSSION What does that mean definitions? Global warming Climate and weather Climate change Climate mitigation and adaptation Climate justice

10 Global warming - is the increase in average global temperatures. Climate change - is about long term trends in climate, not just warming.

11 Climate - is the average of weather conditions over a 30 year period Weather- is what you experience day to day, week to week and this varies a lot as we know Climate is what you expect weather is what you get! Robert Heinlein, 1973

12 Variability yearly changes in days of heavy rainfall Climatic trend - days of Heavy Rainfall are Increasing Source: A Handbook of Climate Trends Across Scotland, SNIFFER 2006

13 Dealing with both the causes and the consequences Source: Sniffer, Adaptation Scotland

14 Climate Justice Climate change.. affects those most, who least contributed to it and are least able to respond to it

15 What is climate change and what are the causes?

16 Greenhouse effect 16

17 Greenhouse effect

18 Greenhouse effect

19 Greenhouse effect

20 Global Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from fossil-fuels Global Co2 emissions Source of data: Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres (2010). Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO 2 Emissions.

21 Vostok ice core, Antarctica

22 What do recent geological records tell us?

23 Mauna Loa, Hawaii

25 Greenhouse effect

26 Natural carbon cycle low human impact

27 Altered carbon balance - hydrocarbons

28 Global CO 2 emissions per capita (UN figures for 196 countries) United States 17.3tCO 2 Quatar - 45 tco 2 UK 7.7 tco 2 Canada 15.2 tco 2 China 5.8 tco 2 Turkey 4.1 tco 2 Jamaica 3.2 tco 2 Botswana 2.3 tco 2 Brazil 1.9 tco 2 61 countries under 1 tco 2 Pakistan 0.9 tco 2 Philippines 0.7 tco 2 Bangladesh 0.3tCO 2

29 POSSIBLE EXERCISE Look at examples of daily activities/aspects of lifestyles in Scotland and Malawi and compare and how they contribute to emissions Eg food/material world PeterMenzel

32 Global Carbon Footprint

Peak in emissions at 2016 followed by an annual decrease of 4% 2 1 Start to diverge from 2030-40 0 1991

33 Temperature Rise o C Some change is inevitable Global Mean Temperature Rise 6 5 We are locked into some change because of past emissions 4 3 IPCC Emission Scenarios High Medium Low World Stabilisation Scenario Peak in emissions at 2016 followed by an annual decrease of 4% 2 1 Start to diverge from Source: Climate South West Year Temp rise is difference from 1750

34 IPCC report September 2013

35 EXERCISE Why do some people not believe in climate change?

36 Myths, denial & excuses Climate change is not really an issue The worlds climate has been relatively stable for around the last 10,000 years The last 100 years have been the warmest in the last 1000 years The models for the next 100 years show global increase in temperatures not seen in the last 10,000 years. Can people and ecosystems adapt? These kind of increases can lead to positive feedback and tipping points, e.g. the melting ice caps and glaciers, ocean acidification, sea level rise 36

37 Myths, denial & excuses There are other more important and urgent problems to tackle The weather can affect almost anything we do or make. Climate change is a compounding factor it will aggravate our activities, processes and products 37

39 Part 2 Changing climate pattern and consequences

40 Looking at recent climate trends - Scotland

41 Recent change for precipitation (%), 1961 to 2004 Annual precipitation increased by 21% A 70% increase in winter precipitation for Northern Scotland. Source: Figure 25

42 Change in mean temperature ( C) from 1961 to 2004 Average annual temperature increased by 1 C Source: Figure 4

43 Projected climate change trends in Scotland Hotter, drier summers Milder, wetter autumn and winters Increase in frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events Increased in summer heat waves, extreme temperature and drought Reduced occurrence of frost and snowfall Sea level rise

44 What difference do a few degrees make? South-East England 2.7 C warmer in summer than the Forth Basin (in baseline ) 2050s So our summer temperatures may be more similar to those in southern England by the 2050s...? 2080s... and unlike anything currently experienced in the UK by the 2080s Source: Adaptation Scotland

2003 2040s 2003 temperatures normal by 2040s

45 2003 summer temperatures could become regular by the 2040s Observed temperatures Simulated temperatures We are already committed to this from past emissions alone s 2003 temperatures normal by 2040s Source Met Office Hadley Centre 35,000 people died across Northern Europe as a result of the 2003 August heatwave effective planning is essential

46 EXERCISE Make a climate forecast How has the climate changed in Scotland?

47 Exercise In groups Resources on your table Use flip chart You have minutes 1-2 minute short climate forecast presentation Discuss ways of adapting/developing this exercise

48 What are the consequences of a changing climate?

49 DISCUSSION How has weather affected you over the past few years? Do you have a story to tell? Home Food Travel - holidays Friends, family and community here and abroad? Have you seen any examples in films/on TV?

51 Climate impacts what might these be? Flooding and extreme rainfall events Heatwaves and extreme temperature Drought and water shortages Crop failures food security, food prices Sea level rise storm surges - impacts on coasts Reduced frost and snow, glacial retreat Disease, pests, health and wellbeing Damage to buildings and land Disruption to services - transport, energy, IT/communications Ecosystems disrupted, threat to habitats and species

52 POSSIBLE EXERCISE January 2013 Make your own version? Source: NOAA. January 2013 Selected Climate Anomalies and Events

53 It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century.

54 IPCC - removed the scientific uncertainty Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. In the Northern Hemisphere, was likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 1400 years. Global surface temperature change for the end of the 21st century is likely to exceed 1.5 C relative to 1850 to It is likely to exceed 2 C for high emissions scenarios Warming will continue beyond 2100 under all RCP scenarios except one.

55 The climate debate has shifted The time for equivocation is over. The science is clear. Climate change is happening. The impact is real. The time for action is now. Ban Ki-moon 2007 (UN Secretary General. Climate change will change the world we live in. As a society we are at the cusp of choosing which world we will pass to our children. Stewart Stevenson 2008 (Scottish Minister for Transport, Infrastructure and Climate Change).

56 FILM /

57 Part 3 - Actions and climate justice

58 What actions is Scotland taking to tackle climate change?

59 How can we visualise our emissions? What is one tonne CO 2 e? = Volume - Six double decker London buses = Volume - 27 feet cubed = 3000 miles in an average car = Weight of = one adult giraffe, = 10 baby elephants or = 1,000 kittens OR

60 Scotland s Targets Low Carbon Scotland; Meeting the Emission Reduction Targets (RPP) CO 2 e emissions Mt (including international aviation and shipping) Base Year % cut by % cut by 2050

62 Exercise - Bristol 2050 project view link To engage the public in what it means for Bristol to be a "low carbon city", enabling everyone to have their say and help shape the future that we want to see. To raise awareness about what a low carbon future means Find out how people feel about two different potential futures, which features are desirable and which we want to avoid Pupils could create their own future vision

63 10.3 t CO 2 e per head CO 2 e in Scotland PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION 15.5t CO 2 e per head CO 2 e RoW 5.2 t CO 2 e per head

64 POSSIBLE EXERCISE

65 POSSIBLE EXERCISE Rework previous diagram to show your own or class footprint. Maybe select one attribute, eg travel. What could the circles represent WWF calculator

66 POSSIBLE EXERCISE

69 Ten Key Behaviour Actions Keeping the heat in (insulation, draught proofing, double glazing) Better heating management (turning down heating & hot water thermostat, reducing hours that heating is on) Saving electricity (buying more energy efficient appliances, light bulbs, etc. when they need to be replaced, washing clothes at lower temperatures) Installing more energy efficient heating system or generating your own clean heat (replacing inefficient boilers, solar water heating, heat pump, biomass boiler) Reducing and Reusing (in addition to the efforts we are already making on recycling) Becoming less reliant on the car (walking, cycling, using public transport, car sharing) Driving more efficiently (following fuel efficient driving principles, using low carbon vehicle [fuel efficient, hybrid, ) Using alternatives to flying where practical (e.g. train, teleconferencing) Avoiding Food Waste Eating a healthy diet high in fruits and vegetable, in season where we live.

70 Possible Exercise Find out what is happening in your community around any of these Look at the Climate Challenge Fund website to see what is happening in other parts of Scotland

71 FILM

72 What actions are people taking to tackle climate change?

73 Exercise Impacts and actions in Malawi 20 minutes to look at material and discuss 15 minutes to put together a story using materials on table 5 minutes to tell story to others

74 Film

75 Discussion What are people in Malawi are doing to tackle climate change. Anything remarkable? How are the actions making a difference? Do you think the actions are inspiring and positive?

76 What is climate justice and why does it matter?

81 e.

82 DISCUSSION Go back to the what we love lists.

83 Part 4 Sharing further information

84 Do you have examples to share with others?

85 Want to find out more?

86 Part 5 Sum up and close

87 Questions asked Feedback? What does that mean definitions? What is climate change? Why do some people not believe in climate change? How is the climate changing? What are the consequences of a changing climate? What actions are people taking to tackle climate change? What is climate justice and why does it matter? Do you have examples to share with others? Want to find out more?

88 Activities - Feedback Music to create ambience Short film clips and discussion Weather/climate forecasts Telling a story - information cuttings Questioning eg exploring myths, creating your own vision of 2050

89 Thank you

Climate Challenge Fund Climate Change and Carbon workshop

Climate Challenge Fund Climate Change and Carbon workshop Aims of today A) Increase your understanding of global warming, greenhouse gas emissions, climate change and how you can take action on these issues.