Nez Perce Tribe Groundwater Assessment and Cleanup

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1 Nez Perce Tribe Groundwater Assessment and Cleanup

2 Nez Perce Tribal Response Program Multidisciplinary program, including LUST Prevention, LUST Assessment, Brownfields, and Emergency Response Two properties Richardson Sawmill - Tribal Unit-45 Brownfield Assessment and Perchlorate Contamination Clearwater River Gasoline Seep, Assessment and Bioremediation Proposal

3 Nez Perce Tribe Treaty of Million Acres covering parts of Idaho, Oregon, Washington Fishing at all usual and accustomed places in common with citizens of the territory Hunting, gathering roots and berries Usual and accustomed places includes hunting buffalo in Montana and fishing and gathering in the Columbia Basin

4 Threatened Species Clearwater River Canada Lynx Bull trout Spring and Summer Chinook Salmon Fall chinook Salmon Steelhead Note: when 2000 B- Run Steelhead are caught Fall Chinook salmon fishing is halted B-Run Clearwater River Steelhead

5 Salmon and Steelhead Fish Counts Lower Granite Dam, Lewiston, ID Chinook salmon Steelhead

6 Spawned Steelhead TU-45

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8 Riverside Sawmill/Tribal Unit-45, 1973, Orofino, ID

9 TU-45 Assessment History Sawmill decommissioning, Phase I(a) Environmental Site Assessment, Nez Perce Tribe, 2010 Targeted Brownfield Assessment, EPA, 2011 Phase II ESA, Nez Perce Tribe, 2013 Three-Year Brownfield Assessment Grant (in progress) Phase I(b) ESA, Nez Perce Tribe, 2014 Brownfield Assessment Grant (In progress)

10 Four Seasons Resort, Boat Ramp, Tackle Shop, Cabins

11 Fireworks Area: Perchlorate in soil and groundwater

12 Creosote Treatment Pad

13 Creosote Soil Analysis Idaho Initial Default Target Levels (IDTL) Soil Sampling August 2013 Drilling August 2010 Parameter (mg/kg) IDTL E1 E2 E3 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 4-8 ft 8-12 ft ft Benzo[a]anthracene Benzo[a]pyrene Benzo[b]fluoranthene Dibenz[a,h]anthracene ND Dibenzofuran ND ND Fluoranthene ND Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene Naphthalene ND ND ND Phenanthrene ND PID ppm NA

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16 12/27/2013 5/16/ /27/2013 5/16/ /27/2013 5/16/ /27/2013 5/16/2014 2/24/2014 ug/l Perchlorate Perchlorate Risk Based Standard Well Well and Date Sampled

17 TU-45 Conclusions Geology consists of river sand, cobbles, and boulders High porosity and poor soils allow contaminants to quickly reach groundwater Finding a source of clean drinking water is main goal of current Brownfield Assessment Grant Land use restrictions eliminating fireworks detonation may be required Deed restriction preventing excavation within creosote contaminated soil

18 Clearwater River Gasoline Seep Hunt Oil Orofino, Idaho Kevin Brackney, M.S., P.G. Nez Perce Tribe

19 Petroleum Appears in River December 31, 2011 January 5, 2012

20 Hunt Oil Card Lock Above Ground Storage Tanks (ASTs) 3 Clear Diesel 30,000 gal 1 Dyed Diesel 20,000 gal 1 Regular Gasoline 20,000 gal 1 Premium Gasoline 10,000 gal (closed 2010) Secondary containment 4 buried pressurized lines to dispensers

21 Hydrocarbon Identification Contaminated Sediment Diesel, 1000 ppm Lube oil, 100 ppm Gasoline ppm

22 Clearwater River Sheen July 23, 2013

23 1000 ft Upstream from Hunt Oil Orofino Rodeo Grounds

24 Gage Height (ft) Hunt Oil River Sheen, Orofino, Idaho River Gage Sheen 4 2 0

25 Groundwater Elevation Wtr Elv MW1 Wtr Elev MW6 Wtr Elev MW

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27 Hunt Oil Excavation 12/2012 Pit 18 ft deep 2280 cubic yards Size of excavation limited by sewer line and adjacent land uses Volatiles ignited by spark

28 15,480 lbs of RegenOx 1,080 lbs of Oxygen Release Compound (ORC)

29 ug/l 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 MW5 5 ft from pit benzene Wtr Elev

30 ug/l MW5 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 benzene Toluene Ethly-benzene Total Xylenes

31 O2 mg/l Dissolved Oxygen in Downgradient Wells MW-5 MW-6 MW-7 MW-8 MW-9 Excavation

32 ph Units 10 9 ph ph MW1 ph MW5 ph MW6 ph MW7 ph MW8 ph MW9 Excavation

33 LNAPL Mixture Chemical Sol of pure chemical ug/l Typical Mole fraction in unweathered LNAPL Effective Solubility ug/l Gasoline Benzene 1,780, ,000-18,000 Gasoline Toluene 535, ,000-54,000 Gasoline Xylene 167, ,000-17,000 Diesel Benzene Diesel Toluene

34 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Benzene MW-6 MW-7 MW-9 Benzene Solubility

35 mg/l NO3-N Nitrate-N MW1 MW5 MW6 MW7 MW8 MW9 Excavation

36 mg/l SO4 250 Sulfate MW1 MW5 MW6 MW7 MW8 MW9 Excavation

37 Data Interpretation Four wells document a continuous gasoline contaminant flow path from the edge of the pit to the river. Dissolved oxygen, nitrate-n, and sulfate are depleted in the BTEX contaminant plume. Replacing oxygen, nitrate-n, and sulfate would stimulate petroleum degrading bacteria

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39 Bioremediation Proposal Prepare 1000 gallon batches of a make-up solution of water and allow it to warm in the sun to accelerate the growth microorganisms; Aerate the water through agitation to supersaturate the water with oxygen Mix in a cocktail of 10 mg/l nitrate-n and 250 mg/l sulfate; Allow the cocktail to infiltrate into the aquifer though three-two ft deep trenches