EMBARK Additives Enhance Performance from Drilling to Production

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1 Dow Oil, Gas and Mining EMBARK Additives Enhance Performance from Drilling to Production EMBARK Additives are a broad portfolio of drilling and pressure pumping solutions to help overcome the variety of challenges faced in today s competitive oilfields. Their versatility and exceptional performance help operations move safely from drilling to production as quickly and efficiently as possible. Dow offers a variety of EMBARK products in addition to cleaners and shale inhibitors, including viscosifiers and rheological modifiers, thermal stabilizers, and and de agents that can enhance the effectiveness of drilling and completion fluids. Viscosifiers and Rheological Modifiers: EMBARK RM Many Dow rheological modifiers and filtration control materials for drilling and completion fluids, oilfield cements, and fracturing fluids have been industry standards for many years. Dow s cellulosic and acrylic-based rheology modifiers and viscosifiers help to minimize the loss of rock permeability when working in sensitive sandstone reservoirs, reduce filtration losses from inhibited water-based drilling fluids, support formulation of salt-free drilling fluids (especially salt and glycol free cellulosics) and maximize conductivity when used in fracturing applications.

2 Viscosifiers & Rheological Modifiers: EMBARK RM Product CELLOSIZE HEC-10 CELLOSIZE HEC-18 WALOCEL MKW WALOCEL CRT LV WALOCEL CRT Regular ANTISOL FL High Vis ANTISOL FL 100 Regular Vis ANTISOL FL 30 Low Vis ANTISOL FL 10 tra Low Vis EMBARK RM 100 EMBARK RM 200 Type HEC dispersible HEC HEMC Ultra-high purity CMC Ultra-high purity PAC ASE acrylic HEUR acrylic Fluid Type Brine or drilling fluid Cement Contaminent Tolerance Mono and divalent brines High ph Hydrolyzed by enzymes, acid or thermally to simple sugars High ph, salt, elevated temperature Formation or Proppant Damage Non-ionic poymer that hydrolyzes easily with temperatures >110 C or acid Least damaging of viscosifying polymers Viscosity Regular viscosity product Minimum contribution to viscosity Cement High ph Broad range of molecular weight for cement applications Drilling fluid Drilling fluid Drilling/ Frac fluid Monovalent brines ph 6-10 Insoluble resinous precipitate with acid Primarily used in monovalent brines ph 6-10 Tolerates moderate calcium contamination Up to 10% KCl Not compatible with divalent brines Anionic polymer that associates with sand and clay Easily hydrolyzed and removed by oxidizer for clean break Inhibitive polymer in dispersive or swellable shale intervals Highly anionic polymer actively coats sand and clay to prevent cuttings dispersion Easily hydrolyzed with oxidizer for clean break Easily broken with reduction ph to <7 Non-ionic Little extended formation damage Low viscosity less filtrate with lower yield Regular viscosity high yield with less filtrate Highest viscosity PAC for increased shale inhibition Regular viscosity for standard shale inhibition Low viscosity for balanced viscosity and filtration control Extra low viscosity for highest filtration control Viscoelastic at ph 9-10; UHT clay deflocculant Viscoelastic; HT deflocculant Filtration Control Viscosity mediated Additional Benefits Surface treated for ease of mixing Water retention Reduces free water and syneresis of cement Water retention Reduces free water and syneresis of cement Controlled retardation Disperses solids reduced filtration Retains water reduced filtration Minimum filtration control Good filtration control Improved filtration control Excellent filtration control No direct filtration control; filtration reduced by clay deflocculation High purity <0.5% NaCl High molecular weight for highest shale inhibition Standard molecular weight for shale inhibition Low molecular weight Lowest molecular weight with reduced shale inhibition Easily dispersed suspension High-temperature deflocculation of clay pg 2

3 Dow Surfactants: EMBARK TM SF Dow standard and EMBARK TM SF Surfactants are very versatile and can serve in many upstream roles, including above and below ground cleanup, production enhancement, foamers and drilling fluid product couplers, and they have also been applied as cloudpoint shale inhibitors. Dow surfactants are available as very economical legacy products, biodegradable products and natural vegetable-sourced chemistries. Surfactancy covering every range of oil-to-water solubility is available in many of the product series presented below. Foamers Dow s anionic and ionic foamers provide persistent foam in the most challenging environments including high ph oilfield cement and in air drilling operations that bail freshwater or harsh brines from the wellbore. They are suitable over a wide range of ph levels, exhibit excellent salt tolerance and demonstrate excellent performance in environmentally sensitive areas. The branched secondary alcohol surfactants are useful for conditions requiring high initial foam that degrades quickly and easily. These are especially useful in underbalanced drilling, surface cleaning procedures, and any other operation where large volumes of persistent waste foam must be avoided. Wetting s Dow s standard and EMBARK TM SF Surfactants are effective wetting agents and are available in anionic and ionic chemistries. These wetting agents wet oil-covered solids and pull them into aqueous phases by increasing the spreading of the liquid on a surface or improve penetration of the liquid prior to floucculation necessary for high ph oilfield cementing applications, in air drilling operations that bail freshwater or brine from the wellbore, and in tertiary recovery applications. For improved tertiary recovery, wetting agents can efficiently activate CO 2 or natural gas to help produce more oil reliably and cost effectively. Dow offers a range of products designed to resuscitate lagging production in a wide range of downhole environments. Product Typical Use Key Performance Performance Criteria Cleanup Foaming Wetting HSE 120 Specialty acid, base, and salt stable microemulsifier Height 145/145 Excellent micro-emulsifier with glycol ether Anionic alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonate for broad range of ph and salinity Foamer for cement Micro-emulsions for wellbore cleanup 160 Specialty acid, base, and salt stable micro-emulsifier Unstable foam Excellent micro-emulsifier with glycol ether Anionic alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonate for broad range of ph and salinity Micro-emulsions for wellbore cleanup 190 Height 170/165 Surface tension 26 Anionic dioctyl sulfosuccinate for near neutral ph Salt tolerant Biodegradable material 209 train,. Height 105/90 Polymer dispersant Non-ionic nonyl phenol Inexpensive Not biodegradable pg 3

4 Wetting s (Continued) Product Typical Use Key Performance Performance Criteria Cleanup Foaming Wetting HSE 213 train, Height 118/97 Polymer dispersant Non-ionic nonyl phenol Inexpensive Not biodegradable 240 Foamer, oil in water emulsifier Height 123/115 Non-ionic nonyl phenol Inexpensive Not-biodegradable 245 Height 170/165 Surface tension 32 Non-ionic, for near neutral ph Salt tolerant, biodegradable material Chloride and oxidizer resistant 303 Specialty oil soluble wetting agent for hydrocarbon compatibility No foam Specialty production Enhancement applications 306 limited High initial unstable foam Height 130/22 Surface tension 27 wetting agent 309 train, High initial unstable foam Height 124/ limited High initial unstable foam Height 110/24 Surface tension 27 wetting agent 315 train, High initial unstable foam Height 162/ No foam - oil soluble emulsifier Surface tension 30 Non-ionic alcohol surfactant wetting agent Excellent wetting 405 Medium stable foam Height 112/112 Surface tension 27 Non-ionic alkyl polyglucoside for neutral to high ph Relatively salt tolerant with cloud point > 100 C Biodegradable material 406 Low unstable foam Excellent wetting Surface tension 30 Non-ionic alcohol surfactant Relatively high CMC Higher concentration may be required pg 4

5 EMBARK Additives February 2016 Wetting s (Continued) Cleanup Foaming Wetting HSE Product Typical Use Key Performance Performance Criteria 409 Low unstable foam Excellent wetting Surface tension 31 Non-ionic alcohol surfactant Relatively high CMC Higher concentration may be required 414 Oil in water emulsifier, train, and Low unstable foam Excellent wetting Surface tension 32 Non-ionic alcohol surfactant Relatively high CMC, higher concentration may be required 417 enhancement - Unstable foam Height 100/20 Excellent wetting Surface tension 29 Non-ionic natural sourced surfactant wetting agent Low CMC, works well at low concentration 419 enhancement - Unstable foam Height 100/20 Excellent wetting Surface tension 29 Non-ionic natural sourced surfactant wetting agent Low CMC, works well at low concentration 460 Wetting agent for microemulsions, limited Medium stable foam Height 80/80 Surface tension 29 Non-ionic alkyl polyglucoside for neutral to high ph Relatively salt tolerant with cloud point > 100 C Biodegradable material pg 5

6 Defoamers: EMBARK DF EMBARK DF Defoamers can help maintain well control by blocking the formation of intractable foam to enhance pump, storage and fluid transport efficiency. They can be used in mud pits, circulating tanks, production gathering equipment or processing systems, where they can even break up any foam that already exists. EMBARK DF Defoamers work as surface defoamers and subsurface bubble coalescers to offset incompatibility between oilfield fluids, air, or reservoir fluids that can create excessive foam. The EMBARK Defoamer product line includes basic alcohol de agents, insoluble polyglycols, silicones, and specialty surfactants to meet virtually any requirement. Product Description Flashpoint Performance Criteria 2-Ethyl Hexanol EMBARK DF220 EMBARK DF240 EMBARK DF900 Series Secondary alcohol organic defoamer component; sparingly soluble in water Organic soluble antifoam agent partially soluble in water Organic soluble antifoam agent partially soluble in water Silicone defoamer 82 F (28 C) Biodegradable defoamer component used in defoamer and treating chemical blends 345 F (174 C) Polyglycol biodegradable defoamer 365 F (185 C) Polyglycol biodegradable defoamer Thermal Stabilizers: EMBARK ST EMBARK ST Thermal Stabilizers are a more environmentally friendly alternative to high-voc pour point depressants with safe low toxicity, low emission, low odor and low flash point alternatives. These amines reduce pour point temperatures in cold applications, while also providing an acceptable flash point to improve efficiency and safety. Available for hot and cold applications, Dow s thermal stabilizers provide thermal stability and ph buffering for drilling fluids and fracture stimulation fluids. Product Description Flashpoint pka1 pka2 0.5% solution ph 1% solution ph Monoethanolamine MEA is a commercial grade amine buffer used to maintain ph of fluids exposed to acid gasses. 205 F (96 C) Diethylenetriamine DETA is a commercial grade amine buffer primarily used in hydraulic fracturing fluids and for preparation of ester amides for oil mud emulsifier and imidazoline corrosion inhibitors. 209 F (98 C) Triethylenetetramine TETA is a commercial grade amine buffer primarily used in hydraulic fracturing fluids and for preparation of ester amides for oil mud emulsifier and imidasoline corrosion inhibitors. 365 F (185 C) Tetraethylenepentamine TEPA is a commercial grade amine buffer primarily used in hydraulic fracturing fluids. 381 F (194 C) pg 6

7 Mutual Solvents Glycol Ethers & Specialty Alcohols Dow offers the industry s leading mutual solvent products that, in conjunction with other EMBARK products, provide economical options that enable high flash point with complete water solubility and low surface tension. Product Line Chemistry Attributes and Application CELLOSOLVE / CARBITOL Glycol ether Low surface tension surfactants with low VOC and unsurpassed hydrotropic characteristics DOWANOL Glycol ether High-flash-point coupling agent with complete water solubility n-butanol Primary alcohol Economical and effective for various cleaning applications Other Specialty Products Dow manufactures a wide variety of chemicals used across a broad range of upstream applications. For cementing applications, these include copolymer additives to toughen cement, improve adhesion, and block gas migration. Specialty acrylics and epoxies can be formulated for blocking vuggy or open fracture loss zones. Dow chemists and engineers work closely with customers, when needed, for selection of just the right chemistry. Dow chemistries include environmentally acceptable, high-performance and economical specialty surfactants, solvents, resins, and natural and synthetic polymers. pg 7

8 Experience You Can Trust Dow has been helping customers meet their oil, gas and mining needs for more than 65 years. We work to maximize value for our customers through extensive industry knowledge, advanced innovation and chemistry expertise. A Note About Product Safety When considering the use of any Dow products in a particular application, you should review the latest Material Safety Data Sheets from Dow and ensure that they are intended for safe use. For other products mentioned in the text, you should obtain the current Material Safety Data Sheet and other available product safety information when reviewing and take necessary steps to ensure safety of use before handling. No chemical should be used as or in a food, drug, medical device or cosmetic, or in a product or process in which it may contact a food, drug, medical device or cosmetic, until the user has determined the suitability and legality of the use. Since government regulations and use conditions are subject to change, it is the user s responsibility to determine that this information is appropriate and suitable under current, applicable laws and regulations. Dow requests that the customer read, understand and comply with the information contained in this publication and the current Material Safety Data Sheet(s). The customer should furnish the information in this publication to its employees, contractors and customers, or any other users of the product(s), and request that they do the same. To Learn More For more information about EMBARK products, contact your nearest Dow representative. The Dow Chemical Company U.S., Canada and Mexico Toll Free Latin America Europe Toll Free * Asia / Pacific Toll Free * Middle East (Dubai) North Africa (Cairo) dow.com/mining This guide is designed as a general product overview. Please contact your local Dow Oil & Gas representative for up-to-date, detailed technical information including registrations and use limitations and to discuss individual applications or requirements. Notice: No freedom from any patent owned by Dow or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location to another and may change with time, Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for Customer s use and for ensuring that Customer s workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and government enactments. The product shown in this literature may not be available for sale and/or available in all geographies where Dow is represented. The claims made may not have been approved for use in all countries. Dow assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. References to Dow or the Company mean the Dow legal entity selling products to Customer unless otherwise expressly noted. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EPESSLY ECLUDED. Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company ( Dow ) or an affiliated company of Dow Form No BBI