AND IT S MEASUREMENT. Why a Green Economy?

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1 MONGOLIA S VISION FOR GREEN DEVELOPMENT AND IT S MEASUREMENT Khishigjargal Kharkhuu, Senior Specialist of Green development Policy and Planning Department, Ministry of Environment and Green Development Why a Green Economy? It was born out of multiple crises and accelerating resource scarcity. A Green Economy is the economic vehicle for sustainable development. It is a new economic paradigm that can drive growth of income and jobs, without creating environmental risk. Shift from Brown to Green economy is the long term policy and task 1

2 Brown economy Environmental impact CO2 emission per unit of GDP is 8.5 times higher than world average* Electricity consumption for 1 USD of GDP production is 4.3 times higher than world average* 92.7 percent of electricity production by coal fired power plants** Inadequate waste management system and low environmentfriendly technology *International Energy Agency as of 2009 ** Energy statistical indicators 2011, Mongolia Climate Change in Mongolia Annual air temperature ( ) Last 70 years The annual air temperature increased by 2.1 C winter (3.61 0C) spring (1.40C 1.5 0C) Projection for temperature changes ( ) Global warming impacts in Mongolia Natural resources (water, pasture, snow cover, permafrost) Economy (agriculture, livestock ) Social (human health, lifestyle) Эх сурвалж: П. Гомболүүдэв :Уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлтийн судалгаа 2

3 GHG EMISSION Mongolia s GHG emissions are less than 0.1% of overall global emissions in connection with it s small population and developing status. However, GHG emission per capita GHG emission per unit of GDP Green House Gas Emission in Mongolia Reliance on fossil fuels, particularly coal for heating and electricity generation, and generally low efficiencies of heat and electricity production and use. 3

4 Major impacts of climate change in Mongolia Air temperature increase: Increase by between More intensive warming in the summer season Intensive warming in the mountain zones and less in Gobi and steppe zones. Most warmest 9 years out of 10 in last 70 years were since Rapid increase in number of hottest days Precipitation and natural disaster changes: Precipitation decrease in Gobi and steppe zones Increase in frequency of natural disasters/drought etc Level of participation of workforce and Unemployment rate among young people (age of 15-24) Level of participation of wor rkforce, % Unemployment rate among young population % Ажиллах хүчний оролцооны түвшин (%) насны залуучуудын ажилгүйдлийн түвшин (%) 4

5 Green Development Policy of Mongolia The Government of Mongolia has structured the Ministry of Environment and Green Development in 2012 as one of the Core Ministries in order to fulfill its commitment to the nature conservation and to achieve the sustainable development by promoting GREEN Concept. Green Development Strategy Governance Economy Environment Green development Cultural heritage Social The followings are thekey strategies : 1. Climate compatible development 2. Green Economy and Financing 3. Equitable society 4. Cultural heritage 5. Governance for sustainable development 5

6 Green development objectives Energy production Promote renewable energy production Introduce and apply advancedtechnologies and innovation in energy sector and increase efficiency of the sector Improve GHG inventory system Resource efficiency Improve efficiency of steam and water consumption and introduce appropriate and innovative techniques, technologies and approaches for resource efficiency. Promote and support citizen initiatives in applying economic consumption of resources. Widely introduce offset system for activities to curve environmental pollution and degradation and reduce CO 2 emissions PRINCIPLES OF GREEN DEVELOPMENT Decrease environmentally harmful production, services and unsustainable natural resource consumption using economic instruments properly; Limit Government budget spending in areas that depletes environment and natural resources; Increase budget spending and investment in nature, clean technology and human development, improving legal regulations in promoting green economy; 6

7 Main indicators: ( economy) Indicators Share of renewable energy to total installed energy production capacity,( percentage) 2 GHG per GDP, ( kg CO 2 eqv/us$) 3 Share of Agriculture in Industrial GDP, (percentage) 4 Percentage of GDP spent for green development ( percentage) 5 Share of financing for science and technology in GDP 9.77 ( by 2006) Main indicators: ( environment) Indicators Share of special protected areas in the total land, ( percentage) 7 Proportion of population without t access to safe 52, drinking water sources ( percentage) 8 Proportion of population without access to improved sanitation facilities ( percentage) 70, Average daily concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the air of UB in winter period (mkg/m 3 ) 10 Average daily concentration of sulphure dioxide in the air of UB in winter period (mkg/m 3 ) 11 Percentage of forest covered areas in total land ( percentage) Solid waste recycling rate, ( percentage) Percentage of green space in urban areas, ( percentage) 7

8 Main indicators: ( social) Indicators Average life expectancy, ( percentage) 15 Daily water consumption in apartments (liters/ person, perday ) 16 Share of green jobs in total employment 17 Unemployment rate Poverty level, ( percentage) 27.4 Green development objectives Green production Adopt and implement National green economy strategy and program, Estimate scope of green economy in Mongolia Support green technologies Support green employment through various financial incentive mechanism Increase organic production Develop tourism Nature conservation Increase forest stock and enhance opportunity for carbon sequestration Decreasewaterpollution and shortage Decrease air pollution Protect and restore plant resources Mainstream natural resources and environmental management issues into other sectors ensuring green economy principle in a coherent way. 8

9 Towards a Green Development Economic growth, social development and environmental sustainability can be mutually compatible Not a single «recipe» for all countries but financing is the key Thank you very much for your attention!!! For more information, please visit: 9