Outline of Sludge Treatment & Disposal at Water Purification Plant in Japan
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1 Singapore Outline of Sludge Treatment & Disposal at Water Purification Plant in Japan Masahiro Fujiwara, Dr.Eng. President, JWRC 1
2 What does JWRC do? Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Authorized Japan Water Research Center Membership Drinking Water utilities Universities & research institutes Private companies Major projects - Joint R&D projects with businesses, water utilities and academia. - Hosting international symposium. 2
3 Hosting international symposium regularly The 8th International Symposium on Water Supply Technology (Kobe, Jun , 2009 ) 3
4 Large-scale R&D projects Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Water Utilities Academia Private Companies Japan Water Research Center 4
5 Major R&D projects to date Purification Technology Project Name Term MAC Advanced-MAC ACT e-water e-water II Aqua (In preparation) 2011 Pipeline Technology Project Name Term Epoch New Epoch e-pipe Pipe Stars
6 Topics History of sludge treatment at water purification plant in Japan Transition of sludge treatment technology Treatment flow of sludge Representative sludge treatment plants Reuse of treated sludge Importance of non-chemical dose in sludge disposal 6
7 river Water Purification plant Discharge of effluent & sludge Purified water (10%) (90%) Customers 1970 Enactment of Water Pollution Control Law 1976 Obligation of installing a sludge treatment facility in water treatment plants (for purification capacity of more than 10,000m 3 /day) 7
8 river Water Purification plant effluent & sludge (10%) Purified water (90%) effluent sludge Disposal treatment Reuse recycle Customers No discharge of sludge & effluent to a river 100% effective use of intake source water Reuse and recycle of sludge cake is essential Environmental safeguards, resource conservation 8
9 Transition of sludge treatment Technology -1976: 1976-: 1980s: 1990s-: Dilution-discharge or Sun-drying Vacuum dewatering with lime mixing Long-period filtration without chemical dosing by horizontal dewatering machine Energy-saving, labor-saving, environmental safeguards Improvement of non-chemical-dosing filtration Various large-scale dewatering machines New dewatering methods Non-hydraulic filter press Sludge heating treatment 9
10 Schematic treatment flow diagram Conditioning Wash-water drainage basin Sludge basin Thickening Dewatering Drying Disposal Chemicals-mixing thickener Thickener (Pre-dewatering treatment) Chemical treatment Freezing treatment Heating treatment Vacuum Drying filtration Firing (Kiln) Pressure filtration Centrifugation Centrifugal dewatering Land disposal Recycling 10
11 Properties and Shapes of Sludge 11
12 Facilities for Sludge Treatment Wash-water drainage basin Sludge basin Thickener Pre-dewatering treatment facility Dehydrator (Filter press) Crusher Dryer Furnace 12
13 Thickener 13
14 時間型脱水設備フロー 8. An example 図 -6-4of dehydrator Dehydrator (Filter Press) Filter 脱水機 press Pressure tank 圧入タンク 脱水ケーキ Dehydrated cake Filtrate ろ液 コンベア Conveyer Sludge 汚泥 汚泥槽 Sludge tank P P ろ布洗浄水槽 Compressed air 圧縮空気 Water tank for filter cloth washing Filter press type 14
15 Crusher 15
16 間接加熱型乾燥機構造例 Feeder 投入フィーダ Dewatered cake 脱水ケーキ 図 -6-6 Flight Dryer Heating pipes フライト伝熱パイプ ドラム Drum Exhaust gas Steam 排ガス 蒸気 Air 空気 Motor ドラム駆動機 乾燥ケーキ Dried cake Indirect heating type 16
17 Furnace Dewatered cake Exhaust gas Burner Fuel Feeder Drum Fireproof material Air Motor Burnt cake 17
18 Chemicals used Dewaterability Dehydrator type Feature of filtrate Treatment of filtrate Pre-dewatering treatment Acid treatment Sulfate Lime mixing Hydratedlime Burnt lime Polymer coagulant treatment Freeze thaw treatment Heating Polymer High - High Medium - Mostly clear Low ph Use as reclaimed alum, or discharge to river after ph adjustment Vacuum filter Filter press Pressure/ compressive filter Clear High ph Use as alkali agent, or after ph adjustment use as raw water or discharge to river Centrifugation Centrifugal dewatering Clear Residuals of coagulant monomer Return to thickener Vacuum filter Centrifugation Filter press Moderate Use as raw water, or discharge to river Pressure/ compressive filter Moderate Use as raw water 18
19 Asaka Purification Plant, Tokyo Waterworks Sludge treatment plant Purification capacity 1,700,000m3/Day Dehydrator Dehydrated sludge 19
20 Okubo purification plant, Saitama Pref. Purification capacity 1,300,000m3/Day Dehydrator Sludge treatment plant 20
21 (Continued: Okubo plant) Dehydrated cake Dried cake Sludge dryer 21
22 Representative Sludge Treatment Facility (1) Source: Ishigaki Company, Ltd. 22
23 Representative Sludge Treatment Facility (2) Murano Purification Plant, Osaka pref. Filtration area: 1000m 2 /unit 16 units Higashi-Murayama Purification Plant, Tokyo Filtration area: 300m 2 /unit 4 units 420m 2 /unit 5 units Source: Tsukishima Kikai CO., Ltd. 23
24 Examples of Sludge Treatment Facilities in Large-scale Water Treatment Plants in Japan Plants Sludge treatment capacity (approx.) (ton/year DS) Average water content of cake (%) Annual amount of raw water (m 3 ) Annual average raw water turbidity (TU) Maximum raw water turbidity (TU) Purification capacity (m 3 /day) Murano 8, ,521, ,797,000 Asaka 14, ,354, ,700,000 Kanamachi 13, ,315, ,500,000 Okubo 14, ,876, ,300,000 Higashimurayama 5, ,422, ,265,000 Kunijima 4, ,831, ,180,000 Nishinagasawa 4, ,658, ,137,700 Misato 13, ,358, ,100,000 Inagawa 4, ,489, ,900 24
25 Sludge Generation in Japan Total sludge generation from water purification 290,000t-DS/year Recycling 158,000t-DS/year (55%) Land fill 62,000t-DS/year (21%) Others 70,000t-DS/year (24%) 25
26 Effective Use of Sludge (Recycling) Farming and gardening soil Ceramic products Civil works materials (backfill materials) Cement raw material Ground soil 26
27 Examples of sludge disposal in large-scale water treatment plants Plants Reclam ation (%) Discharge to Sewer (%) Effective use (%) Examples of Recycling Murano Horticulture Asaka Agriculture, Horticulture, and others Kanamachi Agriculture, Horticulture,Potting compost Others (%) Details of Others Okubo Ground soil, Horticulture 66.7 Cement Higashimurayama Agriculture, Horticulture, and others 41.4 Particulate improved soil Kunijima Nishinagasawa Horticulture, Backfill Misato Agriculture, Horticulture, Potting compost 73.5 Kosuzume Inagawa Ground soil, Cement Particulate improved soil 27
28 Importance of non-chemical dose in sludge disposal Closed System - Refrain from using chemicals because generated water from sludge disposal goes back to receiving wells. Natural thickening Dewatering by using filter press dehydrator (debut of full-automatic, high-efficient dehydrator with non-chemical dosing) For Recycling - To reuse treated sludge, chemical residual is not desirable. Non-chemical dosing system Non Chemical Treatment 28
29 Thank you for you attention 29
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