ONGOING INPUTS OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS TO THE ANACOSTIA RIVER

Transcription

1 ONGOING INPUTS OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS TO THE ANACOSTIA RIVER Nathalie Lombard, Mandar Bokare, Varapapa Thodpanich, Sam Magee, Upal Ghosh Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering UMBC Study partners: USFWS USGS UMBC UMCP DOEE AWMC, June

2 ONGOING INPUTS OF POLLUTANTS Upstream INPUTS Tributaries CSO Human exposure from water through food chain Contributions to water from: 1) Bed sediments 2) Inputs from tributaries and outfalls 3) Air-water exchange Air-Water FLUX Ongoing inputs difficult to characterize Complements RI with new data on pollutant loads Bioaccumulation Using state of the art monitoring approaches to quantify loads Coordinated with USGS effort to characterize stormflow inputs Sediment Water FLUX 2

3 STUDY STRATEGY 1) MEASURE POLLUTANT LEVELS IN WATER C total = C free + C DOC + C SS During Baseflow: - measure C free using passive samplers - take measurements of DOC & SS - estimate pollutant concentrations associated with DOC & SS During Stormflow: - SS associated pollutant loads dominate - Collect SS during storm flow and measure pollutant conc. - estimate pollutant concentrations associated with DOC & C free 2) MEASURE FLOWS - USGS 3) AIR-WATER AND SEDIMENT-WATER FLUXES 4) MEASURE POLLUTANT ACCUMULATION IN DEPLOYED MUSSELS 5) POLLUTANTS TRACKED: PCBs, PAHs, and pesticides 3

4 PASSIVE SAMPLING FOR MEASURING FREELY DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS 1) Hydrophobic chemicals partition between water and solid phases 2) Concentration in polymer can be related to the concentration in water 3) Performance reference compounds used to correct for non-equilibrium New approach: Integrative passive sampler

5 217 NEW USEPA GUIDANCES: Deriving Sediment Interstitial Water Remediation Goals (IWRGs) at Superfund Sites for the Protection of Benthic Organisms from Direct Toxicity Lawrence P Burkhard and David R. Mount. U.S. EPA, Duluth, MN Robert M. Burgess. U.S. EPA, Narragansett, RI Draft May New start project from DoD ESTCP Developing standard method (EPA SW- 846) for passive sampling of sediments using common polymer sorbents (PDMS, PE)

6 SAMPLING LOCATIONS Water sampler Air sampler Mussel

7 ANACOSTIA SEDIMENTS LOCATIONS R3-51 R3-28 R7-28 R6-32 KL-26 R6-31 WC-29 WC-37 R3-51 R3-28 R3-53 R4-3 7

8 PCBs in water Water column Cw (ng/l) Tributaries Anacostia River ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 LBC1 KI NSO Legend deca nona octa hepta hexa penta tetra tri di mono 2 2 Pore water Cpw (ng/l) ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 LBC1 R7-28 R6-32 R6-31 KL-26 R4-3 R3-53 R3-51 R3-28 WC-37 WC-29 1x1-5 cancer risk PCB tot.64 ng/l 1x1-6 cancer risk PCB tot.64ng/l Deployment July-September 216 Provisional data subject to change

9 Pesticides in water Tributaries Anacostia River Water column Cw (ng/l) ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 LBC KI NSO Dieldrin Alpha-endosulfan Aldrin Total DDx Total chlordane Sediment pore water Cpw (ng/l) ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 LBC R7-28 R6-32 R6-31 KL-26 R4-3 R3-53 R3-51 R3-28 WC-37WC-29 Deployment July-September 216 Provisional data subject to change 9

10 Water column Cw(ng/l) Tributaries PAH (parent and alkyls) in water ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 LBC Anacostia River Kingman Island National stadium total alkyls 29) Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 27) Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 26) Indeno(1,2,3,-cd)pyrene 24) Perylene 23) Benzo(a)pyrene 22) Benzo(e)pyrene 21) Benzo(k)fluoranthene 2) Benzo(b)fluoranthene 16) Chrysene 15) Benz(a)anthracene 13) Pyrene 12) Fluoranthene 9) Anthracene 7) Phenanthrene 5) Fluorene 4) Acenaphthene 3) Acenaphthylene Sediment pore water Cpw(ng/L) ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 LBC Deployment July-September 216 Provisional data subject to change 1

11 Bed sediment-water flux for PAHs Total PAH net flux (ng/m2/day) sum alkyls 29) Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 27) Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 26) Indeno(1,2,3,-cd)pyrene 24) Perylene 23) Benzo(a)pyrene 22) Benzo(e)pyrene 21) Benzo(k)fluoranthene 2) Benzo(b)fluoranthene 16) Chrysene 15) Benz(a)anthracene 13) Pyrene 12) Fluoranthene 9) Anthracene 7) Phenanthrene 5) Fluorene 4) Acenaphthene 3) Acenaphthylene Flux to water Flux to sediment -4 ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 LBC1 R7-28 R6-32 R6-31 KL-26 R4-3 R3-53 R3-51 R3-28 WC-29 WC-37 Deployment July-September 216 Provisional data subject to change

12 PAH (parent and alkyls) in mussel Mussel Ctissue (ng/g wet weight) ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 total alkyls pahs 29) Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 27) Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 26) Indeno(1,2,3,-cd)pyrene 24) Perylene 23) Benzo(a)pyrene 22) Benzo(e)pyrene 21) Benzo(k)fluoranthene 2) Benzo(b)fluoranthene 16) Chrysene 15) Benz(a)anthracene 13) Pyrene 12) Fluoranthene 9) Anthracene 7) Phenanthrene 5) Fluorene 4) Acenaphthene 3) Acenaphthylene Water column Cw(ng/l) ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 Deployment July-September 216 Provisional data subject to change 12

13 Prediction of pollutant concentration in mussel Clipid preddicted (ng/g) Partition based model using K lpde/triolein (Smedes et al., 217) Clipid observed (ng/g) Cpred=1*Cobs Cpred=2*Cobs Cpred= Cobs Cpred=.5*Cobs Cpred=.1*Cobs PCB PAH OCP Prediction of concentration in mussel within a factor of 2 for most of the compounds tested Provisional data subject to change 13

14 Concentration in air (ng/m3) Gas-phase PAH concentration (parent and alkyls) Gas-phase PAH concentrations excluding napthalene (March - July 217) LBC-1 AU RT MMR HP UMBC Total Alkyls Benzo(g,h,i)perylene Dibenz(a,h)anthracene Indeno(1,2,3,-cd)pyrene Perylene Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(e)pyrene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Benzo(b)fluoranthene Chrysene Benz(a)anthracene Pyrene Fluoranthene Anthracene Phenanthrene Fluorene Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Concentration in air (ng/m3) Gas-phase PAH concentrations including naphthalene (March - July 217) LBC-1 AU RT MMR HP UMBC Total Alkyls Benzo(g,h,i)perylene Dibenz(a,h)anthracene Indeno(1,2,3,-cd)pyrene Perylene Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(e)pyrene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Benzo(b)fluoranthene Chrysene Benz(a)anthracene Pyrene Fluoranthene Anthracene Phenanthrene Fluorene Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Naphthalene

15 PAH water air flux (Parent PAHs) PAH water - air flux (ug/m 2 /day) PAH flux from water to air (March - July 217) Benzo(g,h,i)perylene Dibenz(a,h)anthracene Indeno(1,2,3,-cd)pyrene Perylene Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(e)pyrene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Benzo(b)fluoranthene Chrysene Benz(a)anthracene Pyrene Fluoranthene Anthracene Phenanthrene Fluorene Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Naphthalene -5 ZS BC HIR WB LBC2 LBC1 NAR FDP POB FST Marina NSO KI Pepco 13 Average parent PAH flux over Anacostia river = μg/m 2 /day Surface of tidal region of Anacostia = 3,44, m 2 Parent PAH volatilization = 16 kg/year

16 Initial Conclusions New data using latest technology for measuring low levels of pollutants in air and water Water concentration exceedances for human cancer risk High concentrations of pollutants entering from several tributaries Contaminated sediment source at several locations Pollutant concentrations in mussel reflect concentrations in water Air-water flux Upstream inputs Air concentrations comparable to data from Chesapeake Bay and Delaware High concentration in water causing net PCB volatilization from Anacostia River Outflow Flux from sediment? Provisional data subject to change 16

17 PAH Runoff from impervious surface and bioretention Dissolved PAHs: 1-4 ng/l in runoff Bioretention can be effective in reducing PAHs PAHs removed from stormwater is retained in bioretention media DiBlasi et al. Env. Sci. Technol. 29

18 Questions?

19

20 PAHs in water Deployment 2 25 PAHs (ng/l) ) Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 27) Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 26) Indeno(1,2,3,-cd)pyrene 24) Perylene 23) Benzo(a)pyrene 22) Benzo(e)pyrene 21) Benzo(k)fluoranthene 2) Benzo(b)fluoranthene 16) Chrysene 15) Benz(a)anthracene 13) Pyrene 12) Fluoranthene 9) Anthracene 7) Phenanthrene 5) Fluorene 4) Acenaphthene 3) Acenaphthylene Background Sites Tributaries River March July 217 Deployment Provisional data subject to change

21 Summary PAH Surface Water and Sediments Total PAH levels in surface water varying from 6 27 ng/l. Highest levels measured near Kingman Island in the Anacostia river Average concentration in Anacostia: 222 ng/l Total alkylated PAH levels higher than or comparable to parent PAH levels at Hickey Run, Lower Beaverdam Creek and in the Anacostia river Sediments acting as source of PAHs to surface water at most tributary locations. Within Anacostia river, sediments acting as source or sink for PAHs depending upon location PAH concentrations in mussels correlate well with surface water concentrations measured by PE PAH Gas phase Parent PAH concentrations in gas phase varying from ng/m 3.Highest levels measured near American University Atmosphere may be acting as a sink for PAHs in water, with volatilization estimated to be 16 kg/year

22 Summary PCB Concentrations of 3.1 and 4.6 ng/l measured at 2 sampling locations in Lower Beaverdam Creek, higher than other sampling locations Average concentration in Anacostia River: 1.2 ng/l Flux from sediments to surface water in Anacostia tributaries Within Anacostia river, sediments acting as source or sink for PCBs depending upon location Pesticides Pesticide levels varying from.5 to 1.5 ng/l, with highest concentration measured near National Stadium outfall Concentrations at most sites dominated by alpha-endosulfan, chlordanes and DDX Sediments can act as source or sink depending upon location and type of pesticide