ATSKAITE LATVIJAS BIOGĀZES RAŽOTŅU DARBA ANALĪZE

Transcription

1 VPP LATENERGI projekta 6.2,, Kompleksi pētījumi par atjaunojamo energoresursu ieguves un izmantošanas inovatīvajām tehnoloģijām un biogāzes ražošanas potenciālu atkritumu pārstrādes nozarē 1. Posms (2014. gads) ATSKAITE Saturs 1. Pārskats Latvijas biogāzes ražotņu darba analīze 2. BIOGAS POTENTIAL FROM FRESHWATER ALGAE 3. ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF VEGETABLES PROCESSING WASTES WITH CATALYST METAFERM 1.PĀRSKATS LATVIJAS BIOGĀZES RAŽOTŅU DARBA ANALĪZE DARBA IZPILDĪTĀJI: Vilis Dubrovskis Dr.sc.ing Imants Plūme Mg.sc. ing

2 Biogāzes ražošana Latvijā Biogāze ir viens no visperspektīvākajiem atjaunojamās enerģijas resursiem, jo to var izmantot gan elektroenerģijas gan siltuma ražošanai un arī kā degvielu transporta līdzekļiem. To var arī izmantot pēc attīrīšanas kā labas kvalitātes dabas gāzi. Tās saražošanai ir izmantojama jebkura biomasa un arī organiskie atkritumi, kas parasti netika izmantoti un to utilizēšanai tika ieguldīti ievērojami finansu līdzekļi. Biogāzes ražošana dod ievērojamu SEG ietaupījumu salīdzinot ar fosilo kurināmo. Latvijā pašlaik (2014) darbojas 54 biogāzes ražotnes. Pēc labvēlīgo valsts atbalsta MK noteikumu (262, 221) izsludināšanas daudzi vēlējās būvēt biogāzes ražotnes un saņēma kvotas. Tomēr dažādu apstākļu dēļ ražotnes netika uzbūvētas un kvotas izmantotas gadā pēc atbalsta noteikumu MK 262 pieņemšanas sākās strauja biogāzes projektu attīstība un turpinājās līdz 2012.g., kad to ierobežoja jaunākie lēmumi. Kaut arī optimistiskie aprēķini liecināja, ka, ja izmantotu līdz tam neizmantotās lauksaimniecības zemes, kuru kopējā platība pēc 2010 g. datiem sasniedza ha, kopējo biogāzes ražotņu elektrisko jaudu būtu lietderīgi palielināt līdz 300MW, EM uzskatīja, ka tai nevajadzētu pārsniegt 92MW. Praksē vairāk kā 70% atbalsta nauda tika izmaksāta koģenerācijas stacijām, kas izmanto dabas gāzi. Šobrīd esošā atbalsta metodika dabas gāzes koģenerācijas stacijām ir pretrunā ar valsts un elektroenerģijas lietotāja interesēm, jo elektroenerģijas, kas ražota no dabas gāzes, cena Latvijā ir lielāka par elektroenerģijas cenu Nord Pool tīklā.

3 Biogas production in Latvia One of the most promising energy resources is biogas, which can be obtained from cogeneration plants in anaerobic fermentation process. Latvia is already running 54 biogas cogeneration plants, and maize silage is the most common biomass used as feedstock, as it gives large quantity of biomass and good yield of biogas. After the favorable state aid Cabinet of Ministers Regulation (262, 221) announcing many wanted to build a biogas plant and received allowances. However, for various reasons the plants were not built and used quotas. In 2009, following aid rules MK 262 began making rapid development of biogas projects and continued until 2012, when it was limited last decisions. Although optimistic calculations showed that if until then to use unused agricultural land with the total area by data amounted to ha, the total electric capacity of biogas plants would be useful to increase to 300MW, EM considered that it should not exceed 92MW. In practice, more than 70% of the aid money was paid for CHP plants that use natural gas. At present, the existing aid methodology for natural gas cogeneration stations is incompatible with the state and the power user's interests in electricity produced from natural gas, the price of Latvian is greater than the price of electricity in Nord Pool network.

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5 Biogāzes ražotņu atrašanās vietas

6 Biogāzes ražotņu darbības analīze Biogāzes ražotņu darbība salīdzināta vērtējot uzstādītās elektriskās jaudas izmantošanu 2014.gada pirmajā pusgadā. Jaudas izmantošanas koeficients aprēķināts pēc sekojošas formulas: Jik= Ep/0,5 Kg %, kur Jik- jaudas izmantošanas koeficients % Ep- pusgadā saražotā elektriskā enerģija MWh Kg-elektrības realizācijas kvota gadā MWh Latvijas biogāzes ražotnes analizētajā periodā vidēji ir ražojušas elektroenerģiju 73,15% no paredzētā apjoma. Tas izskaidrojams ar daudzajām tehniskajām problēmām iekārtu darbībā un izejvielu trūkumu kā arī ar kļūdām bioloģisko procesu vadībā. Dažas ražotnes šajā periodā tika apturētas uz laiku lai iztīrītu sakrājušos bioreaktoros neorganiskos nosēdumus. Tās dīkstāves šajā periodā nav ievērtētas. Tehnoloģijas un iekārtas piegādāja vairākas Vācijas firmas un viena Nīderlandes (Host Energy), kura arī iekārtas faktiski iepirka no Vācijas ražotājiem. Projektus piesaistīja vietējie projektētāji un arī praktiskos būvdarbus veica daudzas Latvijas būvfirmas.

7 Biogas plant performance analysis Biogas plants in operation compared to the assessment of the installed capacity utilization in the first half of Capacity utilization rate calculated by the following formula: JIK = Ep / Kg 0.5% JIK- capacity utilization rate % Ep-half of the produced electric energy MWh Kg-electricity sales quota in MWh Latvian biogas plants over the period average electricity produced 73.15% of the target amount. This is explained by the many technical issues in the operation of facilities and shortage of raw materials as well as process management, biological errors. Some factories during this period was suspended for a period of time to clear away the accumulated inorganic sludge digesters. They downtime not evaluate during this period. Technology and equipment supplied by a number of German companies and one of the Netherlands (Host Energy) that the equipment actually purchased from German manufacturers. The projects attracted local designers and the practical works carried out many Latvian construction companies.

8 Ražotnes, kuras izmantoja dažādu firmu tehnoloģijas un iekārtas 1. MT-Energy Uzstād. jauda MW el. Kvota gadā elektr. MWh 1.1. AD biogāzes stacija Skrudalienas 1, ,74 pag Agro Iecava Iecavas nov. 1, , Bioenerģija 08 Sarkaņu p. 1, ,34 Madonas nov Conatus Bioenergy Ērgļu nov. 1, , Grow Energy Limbažu nov. 1, ,89 Gravas 1.6. RZS Energo SIA Sesavas p. 0, , Ekorima Lēdurgas pag.krimuldas 0, ,13 nov Vecsiljāņi Bebru p. Kokneses nov. 0, ,67 Jaudas izmantošanas koeficients%

9 2. Binowa BIOLAK Baltic 2.1. Agrofirma Tērvete SIA 0, , Alusdarītava Tērvete 1, , Baltijas dārzeņi Salaspils 1, , BP Energy Krastmalas Allažu p. 0, , Līgo Vintera ZS Jelgavas n. 0, , Nopa LTD Ilūkste 0, , Zaļā Mārupe Jaunmārupe 1, , LB Energy 0, ,71 Vidēji 72,40

10 3. Biogas Nord 3.1. Agro Lestene Lestene 1, , Agro 3 Litene 1,5; ,41 1, , Bērzi Bio Mālpils 0, , Bio Auri Kroņauce 0, , Daile Agro Nākotne 1, , International Investments 1, ,07 Līvāni 3.7. Zaļās Zemes Enerģija 1, ,9 Skrīveri 3.8.* Druvas Unguri Saldus nov. 0, ,37 Vidēji 69,66; 71,56

11 4. Envitec Uzstādītā Jauda MWel 4.1. BIO Future Vaiņodes nov. Kvota gadā elektr. MWh 1, , BIO PAB 0, ,67 Jaudas izmantošanas Koeficients % 4.3. Lielmežotne Mežotnes p. Bauskas nov Pampāļi Pampāļu p. Saldus nov Sprūževa Rēzeknes nov Viļānu SIS Viļānu nov. 0, ,53 1, ,91 0, ,83 0, ,41 Vidēji 85,44

12 5. Ecogen Uzstādītā Jauda MWel Kvota gadā elektr. MWh 5.1. ECO Zeta Cesvaine 0, ,08 Jaudas izmantošanas Koeficients % 5.2. Piejūra Energy Nīca 1, , Zemgales enerģijas parks Bēne 0, , Zemgaļi JR Vircava 0, ,36 Vidēji 72,41

13 7. Weltec Biopower - UPB Uzstādītā Jauda MWel Kvota gadā elektr. MWh 7.1. Jaundzelves Katvaru pag. 0, ,31 Jaudas izmantošanas Koeficients % 7.2. Sidgunda BIO Sidgundas p. Mālpils nov. 0, Ulbroka Stopiņu nov. 0, , Vecauce Auces nov. 0, ,38 Vidēji 72,10

14 8 Agraferm Uzstādītā Jauda MWel Kvota gadā elektr. MWh Jaudas izmantošanas Koeficients % Biodegviela Jaunkalsnava 1, ,47 9 Clean Gas Mc-bio Zaļenieku pag. 0, ,09 BioPlus Kastuļina Aglonas nov. 0, ,76 CleanGas vidēji 67,43

15 Tehnoloģiju un iekārtu piegādes firmu rezultātu salīdzinājums Nosaukums Ražotņu skaits Latvijā Kopējā uzstādītā jauda MWel Jaudas izmantošanas koeficients vid. % Vieta Envitec 6 5,03 85,44 1 MT-Energy 8 12,72 77,8 2 Agraferm 1 1,9 75,47 3 Ecogen 4 4,08 72,41 4 Binowa 8 5,205 72,4 5 Weltec Biopower UPB 4 2,038 72,10 6 Biogas Nord 8 7,626 71,56 7 Host Energy 3 3,698 68,88 8 Clean Energy 2 1,596 67,43 9

16 Nosaukums Biogas producing from wastes only Uzstādītā jauda MWel Saražota elektroenerģija kwh Jaudas izmantošanas koeficients % BO Getliņi EKO 5, ,50 SIA Rekonstrukcija un investīcijas 0, ,03 Liepājas Ras Ķīvītes 0, ,67 Liepājas Ras Šķēde Sadedzina lāpā SIA ZAAO Enerģija 0, ,33 SIA Brakšķi enerģija 0, ,90 Rigens 1, ,14 Vidēji 71,42

17 BIOGAS POTENTIAL FROM FRESHWATER ALGAE Freshwater algae (Chlorella Vulgaris) is one of the plants, that also gives great yield of biomass yield and hence could be used for biogas production. Competition on arable land areas increases and particularly frustrated are those farmers who based biogas production efficiency on cheap land rent. On other hand, although Latvia has lot of unused or underused lands (around 360,000 ha in 2010), farmers, who do not own a biogas plant, put the pressure on the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Economy aimed to limit the use of arable land for biogas production. Therefore, the production of raw materials from unused lands would be most supported and encouraged. The objective of this study was to find out how much methane and biogas can be obtained from algae Chlorella Vulgaris cultivated in open ponds and whether this input can compete with other biomass, especially with maize silage.

18 Specific biogas and methane production from algae

19 Comparison of biogas and methane production from various raw biomasses

20 Conclusions and proposals Biogas and methane yield obtainable from algae biomass cultivated at Ltd. Delta Riga experimental plant is relatively higher compare to other agricultural biomass for biogas and methane production. Comparing of Biogas and methane yield from algae cultivated in the wastewater of sewage treatment facilities (Study 2) is by 21 % and 34 % higher compared to biogas and methane yield from algae cultivated with complex fertilizer Varicon (Study 1). Algae Chlorella Vulgaris from 1 ha ponds area give higher biogas yield, compare to that obtainable from maize or grass 1 ha area. In addition, land used under ponds may be not appropriate for agricultural use. The results of the investigation shows, that Chlorella Vulgaris is a very good alternative biomass to replace or to complement other raw materials for biogas production. The study of frozen and unfrozen confirmed that algae can be stored in frozen conditions without loss the ability to produce biogas and methane, however, the best method is the fresh algae utilisation during its normal growing period (170 days period in a year at climatic conditions of Latvia).

21 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF VEGETABLES PROCESSING WASTES WITH CATALYST METAFERM Vilis Dubrovskis, Imants Plūme, Latvia University of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Energetics

22 Biogas and methane calculation The biogas volume produced from the added biomass calculates as follows: V BA = VBS-VBIN MdomA where V BA biogas produced from dry organic matter (dom) of added biomass, l kg dom -1 ; V BS biogas produced from dom of substrate in anaerobic fermentation process, l; V BIN biogas volume produced from dom of inoculum in anaerobic fermentation process, l; M doma mass of volatile solids in added biomass, kg dom. That same way calculated produced methane In the first study raw onion and carrot processing residues were investigated. In the second study cabbage leaves and potato processing waste were used as raw material in bioreactors. Methods of experiments were the same for both investigations.

23 Biogas and methane l g DOM -1 from onion and carrot processing wastes Biogas, l gdom-1 Methane, l gdom-1 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 ON+IN ON+IN +1ml MF ON+IN+2ml MF CR+IN CR+IN+1ml MF CR+IN+2ml MF ON+CR+IN+2ml MF Addition of biocatalyst Metaferm resulted in considerably higher methane production compared to control reactors (with onion or carrot substrates only) in all bioreactors except from reactors with onions. This indicates that the onions have the substances that can maintain active anaerobic fermentation process itself, or it may act as stimulant substrates without and with addition of biocatalyst MF.

24 Biogas and methane l g DOM -1 from potato and cabbage Biogas, l gdom-1 Methane, l gdom-1 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 CL+IN CL+IN+1ml MF CL+IN+2ml MF PO+IN PO+IN+1ml MF PO+IN+2ml MF CL+PO+IN+2ml MF

25 Conclusions Addition of biocatalyst Metaferm have an impact on fermentation process in all substrates compare to control without MF addition. Addition of biocatalyst Metaferm in doses of 1 ml and 2 ml in substrates with onions lowered methane production by by 8.5% and 9% compare to control substrate respectively. Interactions between inoculum, onion and biocatalyst should be investigated more detail in further reseach. Addition of biocatalyst Metaferm in doses of 1 ml rised methane production by 5,5%, 13.6% and 53.2% in substrates with potato, cabbage and carrot wastes compare to control substrates respectively. Addition of biocatalyst Metaferm in 2 ml rised methane production by 17%, 25.2% and 31.1% in substrates with potato, cabbage, and carrot wastes compare to control substrates respectively. Addition of biocatalyst MF in dose 2 ml in substrates with cabbage : potato cuttings (50 : 50) results in increase of methane production by 7,63% compare to average methane production from cabbage and carrots substrates with 2 ml MF addition. Addition of 2 ml biocatalyst Metaferm into carrots : onions mixture (50 : 50) resulted in methane yield increase by 17.5% more than from control bioreactors containing carrots, but by 11.8% less than from control bioreactors with onions.

26 Addition of 2 ml biocatalyst Metaferm into cabbage : potato mixture (50 : 50) resulted in methane yield increase by 33% more than average value from control bioreactors containing cabbage and potato mixtures without MF. This result also confirms positive effect of biocatalyst Metaferm on cabbage or potatoes substrates in anaerobic digestion process. Thank you for attention!