Biomass in a Sustainable Land Use/Agro/Energy System

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1 Biomass in a Sustainable Land Use/Agro/Energy System Gary Radloff Director of Midwest Energy Policy Analysis University of Wisconsin-Madison October 16, 2013

2 Theme and Topics Planning a transition to new energy economy To achieve the new energy economy will require steady steps of innovation. Focus must be on systems solutions and sustainability. Biomass is already WI leading renewable energy source. Have abundant supply for the future Biogas leading opportunity: On-Farm AD, Wastewater Treatment Plants AD, and Food waste Diversions, CHP combinations & thermal New Advanced Agro/Energy Systems.

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5 Nuclear Plant Closures

6 Natural Gas: How much really?

7 We Don t Know the Future Costs?

8 Natural Gas is a Volatile Commodity

9 $130 B to $ 210 B Infrastructure Needs Source Interstate Natural Gas Association of America

10 Solar Technology Innovation (NREL)

11 Wisconsin Biogas Stakeholder Communities Digester Manufacturers Environmental Groups Agriculture Wisconsin Biogas Strategic Plan County & State Government Statewide Biogas Policy Community Benefits Energy Producers Energy Distributors

12 What is Biogas? Inputs Inputs Biological Ac*vity Outputs Manure Substrates Corn Silage Wheat Grass (hay) Food Waste Others Anaerobic Digester Microbes Heat No oxygen Digest ed Solids Biogas (50-75% Methane)

13 Landfill Organic industrial waste Municipal household waste Manure Residues Sewage sludge Gas grids Buses Taxi Lorries cabs Private Private cars cars Pre-treated biogas Waste Waste water water Pre-treated biogas (Compressed natural gas (CNG)) Industrial Industrial processes processes Agricultural Agricultural machinery machinery Heating Waste The Biogas process Biogas CHP District District heating heating Agricultural Agricultural products products Flare Flare Biomasses Digestate Digestate Energy crops Contaminated bio fertilizer Clean bio fertilizer

14 Biomass Assessment Methodology Understand linkage between feedstock and market opportunity Biomass assessment quantity & quality Theoretical conversion plants Model impact to existing industries Incorporate biogas assessments Public policy to maximize industry Troy Runge Sheldon Du Pam Porter/GR

15 Primary Secondary Simplified Conversion Pathways Biomass to Energy/Fuels Wood Residuals Combustion Heat & Power Grasses & Corn Stover Pyrolysis / Gasification Solid fuels Manure Saccharificatio n & fermentation Liquid fuels Transportation Solid Waste Anaerobic digestion Gaseous fuels

16 Identified top counties with biomass densities Looked for natural groupings Used circles to identify processing sites >200,000 tons/year Biomass Opportunities

17 Adding it up Biomass Type - Mass (MM Dry Tons/yr) Energy (MMBtu/yr) Wood harvest residuals x10 7 Unused processing residuals x10 5 Corn stover x10 7 Dairy manure x10 7 Wood energy crops x10 7 Additional wood harvest x10 7 Perennial grasses from marginal x10 7 land Total 15.9 a 1.69x10 8 Wisconsin Consump*on 1.68x10 9 a Could offset 10 million tons of PRB coal and 18 million tons of CO 2 emissions

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19 CRP Land Loss Since 2007 (Source USDA)

20 Landscape services " Energy and Economy " Air Quality " Water Quality " Soils " Food " Human Communities " Natural Communities

21 Landscape services

22 " Establish minima or ideals Diversity Net Energy Economics 22 Net Energy Diversity Economics Soil Air Quality Water Quality Soil Air Quality Water Quality w 1 w 2 " Sustainability Index w 3 w 4... w i S i

23 Many Collaborators & Advisors to Thank Biomass Strategic Plan: Troy Runge, Sheldon Du, Pam Porter Decision Support Tool and Biofuels Policy: Jeffrey Dischler, Amin Tayyebi, Tim Meehan, Claudio Gratton, Michael Ferris University of Wisconsin Extension, Dean Richard Klemme, John Shuske (CALS), Tom Blewett, Tim Baye UW Madison, (COE/Nelson Institute) Energy Analysis and Policy Program (EAP), Greg Nemet UW Madison, Nelson Institute, Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE) Wisconsin Energy Institute, Director Mike Corradini. Wisconsin Energy Research Consortium (WERC) Technology Director Bruce Beihoff and Center for Renewable Energy Systems (CRES) Tom Jahns, Director.

24 Contact Information Gary Radloff Wisconsin Energy Institute University of Wisconsin-Madison