EU Funds Week. Energy Efficiency and EU Funds. Dr.-Eng. Saad Baradiy iproplan Planungsgesellschaft mbh Expert for Energy Efficiency and Sustainability

Transcription

1 EU Funds Week Energy Efficiency and EU Funds Dr.-Eng. Saad Baradiy iproplan Planungsgesellschaft mbh Expert for Energy Efficiency and Sustainability

2 1 EE a Energy efficiency in buildingsin the practice a c b c e Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPDB) Technical requieremnts in Croatia State of technology in Germany Case Study: Energy efficiency of a school building

3 1 EE a Energy efficiency in buildingsin the practice a c b c e Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPDB) Technical requieremnts in Croatia State of technology in Germany Case Study: Energy efficiency of a school building

4 EPBD

5 News from Brussels The recast Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (see EurActiv LinksDossier) will require the public sector to take the lead by owning and renting buildings with "nearly zero" energy standards by the end of 2018, two years in advance of the private sector. Moreover, member states were tasked to promote the conversion of existing buildings to comply with the standard.

6 Europe: Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) EPBD requires the introduction of an "independent control system" for energy performance certificates Should be controlled "representative sample" of the issued energy certificates in a given year Enforcement action

7 1 EE a Energy efficiency in buildingsin the practice a c b c e Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPDB) Technical requieremnts in Croatia State of technology in Germany Case Study: Energy efficiency of a school building

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9 Croatia: Requirements

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11 1 EE a Energy efficiency in buildingsin the practice a c b c e Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPDB) Technical requieremnts in Croatia State of technology in Germany Case Study: Energy efficiency of a school building

12 Evolution of energy efficiency for buildings - Sustainability as further task of building physics Energy Crisis 1973 EnEG 1976 heating system- / thermal Insulation regulation EnEV since 2002 EU-Guideline GEEG 2002 Energy balance / DIN V DGNB (LEED et. al.) 2007 ~ Heat Insulation Energetic Building Assessment EBA (Energy Efficiency Assessment EEA) Green Building s+ $ Sustainable Buildings Building isolation Measuring methods, survey Selection of components Formulation of user profiles Input/output consideration of heating and cooling systems (Primary and final energy) Life Cycle Assessment LCA Life Cycle Cost LCC Use of renewable forms of energy

13 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Buildings Studies came to the conclusion that, to be reduced by 2020 by up to 17 percent compared to 2005 at constant expansion of renewable energy and increase efficiency with a significant increase of energy consumption. The share of renewables in final energy consumption would then rise to around 18 percent The Transformation of the Energy System' (known in German as the 'Energiewende') refers to the move towards the age of renewables and energy efficiency. The German government decided that Germany's energy supply should be generated primarily from renewables by This requires our energy supply system to be fundamentally restructured, presenting Germany with economic and technological challenges

14 Experience Germany Progress of requirements in Germany (Picture adopted from Fraunhofer IBP). Show only in relation Enforcement Method and procedure 14

15 Optimized interaction of passive & active components Building Envelope Building Services Engineering

16 10 building blocks of energetically efficient Construction Forms of Energy How to minimize energy demand? How to optimize energy supply? HEATING Conserve heat! Efficient heat generation! COOLING Avoid excessive heat! Efficient heat dissipation! Ventilation Natural ventilation! Efficient air conditioning! Light Use of Daylight! Optimize artificial light! Electricity Save electrical power! Off-grid power generation!

17 Enforcement Process Enforcement Entity Occupancy permit Procedure APPROVED REJECTED APPROVED (with requirements!) Energy Efficient Building On site verification Construction Start Building Owners Contractor Supervision Architect/ Engineer Building Permit Procedure REJECTED Who, or which entity is responsible for which step? What are the option? Construction Permit Application Building Permit drawings / EE Report Building Project Preliminary Design Architect, Designer Engineer

18 European Energy Directive German Energy Code since (calculation Norm DIN V 18599) / updated

19 EnEV 2009 (German Energy Ordinace) and DIN V Overview Non Residential Buildings NRB (or commercial buildings) Residential Buildings RB Reference Building Method Monthly Balance Method Special Case: Heating Period- Method (simplified) Appendix 2 EnEV in combination with Appendix 1 EnEV in combination with DIN V DIN EN 832; DIN V DIN V

20 Reference Building Reference Building Planned Building H T,ref H T,real Reference-RLT Reference heating Reference hot water Reference illumination f p,rlt, real f p,heiz, real f p,tww, real f p,bel., real Q p,ref = Q p,max Utilization specific: Interior temperature Exchange of air Utilization period Requirement of hot water Q p,real Q p,max

21 EnEV requirements EnEV Verification procedure New Buildings 3, 4 indoor temperatures T i 19 C Q p [kwh/(m²a)] Q p,max U [W/(m²K)] (NRB) U max H T [W/(m²K)] (RB) H T,max Calculation acc. DIN energy performance certificate EPC -Energieausweis indoor temperatures 12 C T i < 19 C With small area A N < 50 m² Requirements to building elements, see existence buildings Calculation acc. DIN 6946 U-value standard Exceptions, like listed buildings e.g. Churches, tents, underground constructions, temporary buildings (2 years) No calculation (condensation, thermal comfort??)

22 EnEV Verification procedure Existing buildings 9 Expansion of heated or cooled areas With fundamental changes With changes on building elements (10%) Modernization of heating installation A N 50 m² A N > 50 m² Requirements for new buildings 140%-rule Q p 1,4 Q p,max U(NRB) 1,4 U max Calculation acc. DIN EPC building element method or Requirements for new buildings 140%-rule Minimum requirements for heating, hot water supply, cooling systems 13, 14, 15 Calculation acc. DIN 6946 U-value standard Minimum requirements for building construction Minimum requirements for heating + cooling systems Requirements for new buildings Calculation acc. DIN EPC

23 Calculation of Thermal Performance of Buildings ISO EN Thermal Demand Q N,Final Energy Demand Q f, Prime Energy Demand Q P Winter Q N = (Q T + Q V ) - (Q S + Q I ) Q N =Loss (Transmission + Ventilation) storage mass (solar/internal Thermal gain) Thermal Demand Q N,Final Energy Demand Q f, Prime Energy Demand Q P Q N = Q T + Q V + Q S + Q I Q natural ventilation Summer Q N = (Transmission + Ventilation + solar loads + internal loads) night (natural) ventilation

24 Thermal envelope / Building geometry (DIN DIN EN ISO 13789) Grey areas heated zones or heated areas heated White areas unheated zones or unheated areas Normally heated rooms / zones (q i 19 C ) Low temperatures heated rooms / zones (12 C q i < 19 C) unheated heated

25 EnEV 2009 & DIN V Basic principles of Energy Efficiency in Buildings H T includes U-values of roofs, walls, floors, windows Heat / Energy: losses = sinks; wins = gains = sources H T Transmission losses H V Ventilation losses Q c,e Losses by emission and control; e. g. valves Q S Solar gains Q I Internal gains persons, devices Q d distribution Q g generation Q h : Thermal Need for heating EnEV-Building = kwh/(m².a) Passive house < 15 kwh/(m².a) Q h,b : Energy Need for heating

26 EnEV 2009 & DIN V Understanding Energy Efficiency CHP: Combined Heat and Power (KWK: Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung) Q s storage losses Transport, Changing, Extraction f p Primary energy factor EnEV: 2.6 Q f Delivered energy (Final) Energy need for heating, warm water supply, ventilation, AC..) Q P : Primary Energy need for heating, warm water supply etc. (cooling, ventilation)

27 DIN V Part 5 Delivered Energy for heating systems Q h Energy Need for Heating Q f Final Energy NEED Nutzwärme Endenergie QPrimär- energie P Primary Energy NEED Control and emission Distribution Storage Generation

28 Thermal Insulation effect Heating load Cooling load U_Value = 0.62 (W/m2.K) U_Value = 2.86 (W/m2.K)

29 DIN V Basics Example

30 Specific heat transmission loss H T [W/(m²K)] is the area weighted average of U-values of elements Roofs Walls Windows Elements adjacent to ground (floors) Walls-Below-Grade, Slab-On-Grade Floors,

31 Energy Saving Glazing

32 Windows - 6 chamber PVC profiles - insulating wedge - 3-sealing port wing - 3-way glazing with inert gas fill - Plastic spacer, glass edge

33 Glazing: e. g. Thermal double glazing T L (t L ) Daylight coefficient (Lichttransmissionsgrad) g L Overall energy transmittance of the glazing ; ASHRAE SHGC Shading Heat Gain Coefficient ; g = SHGC = SC/0,87; Winter Summer U g Thermal transmittance coefficient of glazing [W/(m².K)] state-of-the-art 1,0 W/(m².K); triple glazing 0,7 W/(m².K)

34 Case Study Kindergarden

35 Thermal improvement and renovation of the envelope Exemplary thermal engineering improvements Thermal bridge simulation core insulation plus external insulation

36 Thermal improvement and renovation of the envelope Sun protection with external reference Winter: high solar win inactive (active solar protection) Summer: reducing solar load (active solar protection)

37 Thermal improvement and renovation of the envelope Element Present Target Q N Winter Q N Summer Saving Windows single Glazing Duple Glazing, U 5,8W/m²K U 1,1W/m²K 81 % g 90 % g 62 % *) Protection Walls without insulation with insulation U 1,6W/m²K U 0,19W/m²K 88 % Roofs without insulation with insulation U 1,4W/m²K U 0,17W/m²K 88 % *) negligible worsening

38 Project Denkfabrik Thinking Fabric Magdeburg

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40 Thermal Heating Report: Wärmeschutznachweis Requirements Thermal Building Quality Thermal Heating Report

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42 Compliance Monitoring Enforcement Germany Example HOAI Service Phase SP Developer / Client / Owner Consultant / Designer Concerned Local Authority 1. Establishing the basis of the project 2. Preliminary design (1)* 3. Final design (2)* 4. Planning application(3)* 5. Execution drawings (4)* 6. Preparation for contract placement 7. Assisting with Contract placement (4)* 8. Site Supervision (5)* 9. Service during Defects and Liability Period and documentation (x)* Tasks of EE Auditor Appointing of Designer and Specialists e. g. Energy Auditor. For large scale buildings Project Manager Awarding the Contract, execution of work in strict compliance to the Contract Documents (1) Checks the availability of a zoning plan with constrains (4) Application documents (included EE Report; and EPC*) (8) Site supervision. Assurance Compliance Design with Construction works (End of 8) All documents to Owner incl. Taking Over Certificate / Final Completing Certificate Several documents to CLA; (included updated EE Report; and EPC) Constrains (Building height, building size; shape, slope of the roof, roof cover (material and color) Building Permit (sometime with constraints) Authority checks the compliance in accordance to the issued building permit

43 Germany Example Designer Concerned Local Authority EE Report acc. o Building Code and EnEV Author: authorized offices; authorized Architect and Engineers (4) Application documents (included EE Report; and EPC*) Building Permit (sometime with requirements conditions) Checking only: authorization of the office; existence of the EE Report and EPC* That means: Self compliance!! Pro 1. Quick handling; save time 2. Reducing bureaucracy 3. Better competitions 4. Self compliance is advised in the next steps of EEBC Contra 1. Time for Compliance 2. Very different Quality 3. Low transparency to other parties 4. Cost for Compliance Engineer 5. More employees 6. Self compliance is advised in the next steps of EEBC

44 Germany Example ; EE Report HOAI Service Phase SP 1. Establishing the basis of the project 2. Preliminary design (1)* 3. Final design (2)* 4. Planning application (3)* 5. Execution drawings (4)* 6. Preparation for contract placement Architect (Consulting Office) Definition of the requirements (EnEV; EnEV-30%; Passive House; ZEH; NZEH; Plus Energy House. Buildings envelope (transmission, tightness, solar gain and load through glazing HVAC and WW, Light, Using of RE EE Report and EPC temporary validity (till completing of construction) Documentation of thermal bridges Comparing of the qualities in EE Report with tendering documents In necessary explain the quality in EE Report to Contractors 7. Assisting with contract placement (4)* 8. Project supervision (5)* 9. Project management and documentation Comparing and assuring of qualities in EE Report with contractions and system on the site Final EE Report and EPC (valid 10 years)

45 Instructions sheet to: Compliance Experts for Energy Building Design (State Berlin) PHASES OF THE REVIEW OF COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS Energy Saving Ordinance EnEV Phase I: Pre Construction Phase Verification of EE Documents for correctness and completeness: Compliance of the Design / EE Report with the Energy Saving Ordinance EnEV requirements? Yes D*: adjusting of EE Report Conformation of the EnEV-Report; use Authorities Template 156 No Phase II: Construction Phase Yes Random Check of construction work Compliance of the works in accordance with EE Report No D*: adjusting of construction D*: adjusting of EE Report D*: Developer Inspection report use Authorities Template 157

46 Instructions sheet to: Compliance Experts for Energy Building Design (Federal State Berlin) Phase III: Post Construction after ompletion of construction works Verification of the EE Report documents Phase I with updated EE records as per Site Inspection Report (Request For Inspection) D*: adjusting of EE Report if necessary, Conformation of the updated EnEV-Report; use Authorities Template 156 No Verification of Energy Performance Certificate for correctness and completeness: Compliance the Data with confirmed EE Reports? Yes No ## Authority Approval of the EPC use Authorities Template 158 ## the Testing experts for energy building design inform the permitting authority

47 Site Verfication

48 The German Sustainable Building Certificate (DGNB) DGNB - Clear Topics Ecological Quality Economical Quality Socio-cultural and Functional Quality Technical Quality Quality of the Process Quality of the Location The benchmarks for awarding the certificate are orientated on the current state-of-the-art and on an integral planning statement that includes the aims of sustainable construction > 50 Criteria ; influence of Energy and Energy Efficiency > 25 Criteria 48

49 Sustainability

50 Project: Volkswagen Motor Factory Chemnitz The First Engine Factory in the world with German Sustainability Certificate DGNB Certificate Phase 1: Pre-Certificate

51 Project building MeTeOr in Chemnitz New construction of the project building MeTeOr at the Chemnitz University of Technology Client: SIB Federal Real Estate and Construction Management Saxony, Branch Office Chemnitz Complete Design (incl. EE + Sustainability)

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53 Sustainability in the practice Industry: Airport Leipzig- Halle Mall: Fachmarktzentrum Fulda Health Care: Rehabilitation Clinic Medical Centre in

54 1 EE a Energy efficiency in buildingsin the practice a c b c e Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPDB) Technical requieremnts in Croatia State of technology in Germany Case Study: Energy efficiency of a school building

55 Example: Rehabilitation of the Special School Sonnenberg, in Chemnitz Survey of the existing building in a calculation and/or simulation software The existing School building Build in 1908, extension students Energy demand: - Heating: kwh (288,6 kwh/m²) - Electricity: kwh (7,0 kwh/m²) - Annual Cost: * *) for heating: 5,9 Cent/kWh for elect.: 22,8 Cent/kWh

56 Example: Rehabilitation of the Special School Sonnenberg, in Chemnitz Building Parts Air tightness Building Equipment Roof Walls Windows Opening Sky light Foundation slab Opening Doors Sky light Windows Ventilation Heating / Cooling illumination Ventilation Hot water

57 Example: Rehabilitation of the Special School Sonnenberg, in Chemnitz Conditions for use building data Net floor area m² Roof m² Wall m² Windows m² Doors 28 m² Baseplate m²

58 Example: Rehabilitation of the Special School Sonnenberg, in Chemnitz Measures building envelope Existing stock (1960) Measure External Wall Windows U = 1,37 W/m²K U =2,70 W/m²K 10 cm thermal insulation U = 0,22 W/m²K U = 1,30 W/m²K Roof U = 1,22 W/m²K 18 cm thermal insulation U = 0,18 W/m²K

59 Example: Rehabilitation of the Special School Sonnenberg, in Chemnitz Measures HVAC / Airtightnes Existing stock (1960) Measure Heating pipes Ventilation flow and return temperature uninsulated Natural Ventilation 75 C / 55 C Thermal insulation (3.150 m) Mech. Ventl. with heat recovery 55 C / 45 C Airtightness significantly leaks n 50 = 10 h-1 Airtight n 50 = 1,50 h-1

60 Example: Rehabilitation of the Special School Sonnenberg, in Chemnitz Measures HVAC increas of effectiviness low temperature boiler condensing boiler In comparison to constant temperature heating systems the buildings can save up to 30 % primary energy. Additionally effects can be achieved by insulating the pipe system.

61 Example: Rehabilitation of the Special School Sonnenberg, in Chemnitz Options / Evaluation Options for Energy Efficiency measures of the thermal building envelope - 8,7% - 21,7 % - 29,0 % amortization 26 years 12 years 11 years

62 Example: Rehabilitation of the Special School Sonnenberg, in Chemnitz Options / Evaluation Options for Energy Efficiency measures of the thermal building envelope - 32,0 % - 40,3 % - 43,3 % amortization 10 years 13 years 12 years

63 Example: Rehabilitation of the Special School Sonnenberg, in Chemnitz Options / Evaluation Options for Energy Efficiency measures for the building equipment Amortisation period - 10,8 % - 11,3 % amortization 3 years

64 Example: Rehabilitation of the Special School Sonnenberg, in Chemnitz Options / Evaluation Options for Energy Efficiency measures for the building equipment Amortisation period - 5,8 % - 19,6 % amortization 30 years 5 years

65 EU Funds Week Energy Efficiency and EU Funds Thank you for your attention

66 Bernhardstraße 68 D Chemnitz, Germany Tel.: +49 (0) 371 / Fax: +49 (0) 371 / dr.baradiy.saad@iproplan.de Web: