United Nations Environment Programme

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1 UNITED NATIONS United Nations Environment Programme Distr. LIMITED EP UNEP(DEPI)/CAR WG.37/INF.6 28 October 2016 Original: ENGLISH Third Meeting of the Scientific, Technical and Advisory Committee (STAC) to the Protocol concerning Pollution from Land based Sources and Activities in the Wider Caribbean. Miami, Florida, USA, 31 October to 2 November 2016 REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUP ON ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT (SOCAR) For reasons of economy and the environment, Delegates are kindly requested to bring their copies of the Working and Information documents to the Meeting, and not to request additional copies. *This document has been reproduced without formal editing.

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3 UNEP(DEPI)/CAR WG.37/INF.6 Page 1 REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUP ON MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT Working Group (WG) Members: Stephanie Adrian (Chair) US; Andrew Horan, Troy Pierce, Hugh Sullivan, and Rona Rathod (US); Darryl Banjoo (RAC-IMA); Ana Karen Embarcadero Luna and Maria del Carmen Porras Perez Guerrero (Mexico); Angela Franklin and Frank Grogan (Guyana); Arelys Fuentes (Panama); Paulette Kolbusch and Danneille Townsend (Jamaica); Linroy Christian (Antigua and Barbuda); Marlen Perez (RAC-CIMAB); Marko Tosic (EAFIT University, Colombia) Workgroup focus Development of SOCAR for the Wider Caribbean Region taking into consideration the availability of data and sensitivities regarding sharing of national water quality data; identification of opportunities to enhance countries abilities to monitor water quality both in the short term and the long term; provide the Secretariat with national data and share other relevant information on water quality standards, testing methodologies, and data quality, related to the water quality parameters agreed to by the LBS Parties. Updates on activities and outputs approved by the LBS Parties at the LBS COP2 in Cartagena, Colombia: Development of the SOCAR report A proposed outline for the State of the Convention Area Report (SOCAR) was approved by the Parties at LBS COP2 (Decision 5). Following COP 2, the Working Group (WG) met via teleconference ten times and inperson once to further define the parameters of the SOCAR and to discuss the methodology for attaining and presenting data. UNEP CEP hired a consultant to steer the development of the SOCAR and to develop a draft report based on the input from the Working Group. The consultant, Ms. Sherry Heileman, effectively came on board in July 2016 and was able to meet via teleconference with the WG members twice before UNEP- CEP hosted an in-person workshop with the WG members, Ms. Heileman and other technical experts, to provide the input needed to begin the SOCAR development. The meeting was held in Jamaica from August 15-17, Regional and Global technical experts included representatives from the GEF-CLME+ program, the Global Programme of Action, GRID Arendal, and the Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA). Formation of Data Sub-group During the in-person SOCAR development meeting in August 2016, the participants agreed that a sub-group to look specifically at the data collection, data quality and data analysis was needed. The sub-group is chaired by Dr. Linroy Christian from Antigua and Barbuda and met once prior to the STAC via teleconference and exchanged information via . A data call from the Secretariat was made to all the LBS countries for submission of national data by November 15 th for the SOCAR along with a data template. The sub-group will review with the Secretariat and contribute to the analysis of the data as needed based on the sub-group s Terms of Reference. National raw water quality data will NOT be presented in the SOCAR because of sensitivities associated with sharing of such data. Instead, data will be displayed in terms of the Good-Fair-Poor ratings agreed to by the Parties at the 2 nd LBS

4 UNEP(DEPI)/CAR WG.37/INF.6 Page 2 COP. However, the Secretariat has requested the countries to submit the raw data since these are needed for the analysis such as aggregating national level data to the subregional scale. Update on key areas of focus Delineation of Class I and Class II Waters The WG agreed to designate all coastal waters as Class I and would determine a distance from the coast to designate as Class II waters. The WG understands that some coastal waters would most likely require a Class II designation and possibly some offshore waters with coral reefs might classify as Class I waters and this will be explored during the development of the SOCAR. For the purpose of the 1 st SOCAR, countries would share national data when possible on Class I water quality parameters and global data from UNEP or other verified sources, if available, on Class II waters, also known as open waters. Further consideration would be given to possibilities for monitoring Class II waters in subsequent SOCARs. Data Sensitivity The WG determined previously that the approach to addressing sensitive data issues, indicating poor water quality in beach and environmentally sensitive areas, would be addressed by showing the analysis of the raw data as opposed to the raw data itself. The Parties approved using the Good-Fair-Poor distinction for the SOCAR parameters. Identification of linkages to complimentary efforts The Secretariat has provided to the WG various programmes, projects, activities, reports and fact sheets that are complimentary to the SOCAR, including data collection and assessment efforts of the CLME+; World Ocean Assessment; National Plans of Action; UNEP Global Environment Outlook (GEO); Transboundary Water Assessment Programme; Global International Waters Assessment and the Global and Regional Platforms for wastewater, nutrients and marine litter; UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG s, goal 14 on oceans); Regional Seas indicators UNDP/GEF CLME+ and GEF IWEco projects provided resources to the Secretariat to host the in-person SOCAR development meeting in August 2016 in Jamaica and for hiring of the consultant. Working Group products since STAC 2: Acceptable ranges for SOCAR parameters in Class I Waters to accompany the Acceptable Limits in Effluent Discharged into Class I Waters as stipulated in the Protocol Questionnaire regarding monitoring water quality and laboratory capacity List of optimal standard methodologies for monitoring SOCAR parameters

5 UNEP(DEPI)/CAR WG.37/INF.7 Page 3 LBS Working Group Draft Summary of Questionnaires submitted SOCAR-related documents o SOCAR methodology, annotated outline and workplan with roles and responsibilities o SOCAR reference parameters and sources of global socioeconomic datasets o SOCAR template and guidance for compilation and submission of national water quality and socioeconomic data Potential LBS STAC Recommendations to the 3 rd LBS COP for consideration: 1. Recommendation that Parties support inclusion of marine litter as a priority land based source of pollution in addition to wastewater and nutrients based on the associated Caribbean Platforms and the increased impact of these pollutants on coastal and marine ecosystems and human health. 2. Recommendation that Parties strengthen laboratory capacity within their own countries to monitor LBS parameters and to maximize on the financial support provided from projects such as GEF IWEco and potentially GEF CReW+. 3. Recommendation that Parties agree that there may be health effects from microplastics, created upon degredation of plastic material, and to support efforts by the Secretariat to share information and research efforts aimed at developing monitoring methodologies for microplastics that should be incorporated into water quality monitoring programs. Many of the issues relating to plastics and microplastics have been documented in recent UNEP reports and a fact sheet prepared by the Secretariat. 4. Recommendation related to the further development and finalization of the SOCAR e.g. acceptance of good-fair-poor ranges currently under development by the data sub-group., and submission of raw national water quality data, on the understanding that these data will not be made public without prior written consent by the countries. 5. Recommendation to the Secretariat to work with Contracting Parties/Countries to identify/mobilize financial resources from existing projects and/or develop new project proposals to respond to the new priorities identified under SOCAR.

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7 ANNEXES UNEP(DEPI)/CAR WG.37 INF.6

8 STATE OF THE CONVENTION AREA REPORT (SOCAR) FOR THE WIDER CARIBBEAN REGION METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH September

9 Contents SOCAR METHODOLOGY... 3 Annex 1. List of indicators compiled at the SOCAR Workshop Annex 2. Terms of reference for a Data sub-group for SOCAR Annex 3A. Outline of a Framework for the SOCAR under Article XII of the LBS Protocol Annex 3B. Annotated SOCAR outline Annex 4. SOCAR Workplan with activities, roles and responsibilities

10 SOCAR METHODOLOGY 1. BACKGROUND The State of the Convention Area Report (SOCAR) is stipulated by Article XII on Reporting under the Land-based Sources (LBS) Protocol of the Cartagena Convention, requiring contracting Parties to this Protocol to report periodically on monitoring and assessment of the Convention Area. The SOCAR will: 1) use the data and information contained in national reports to prepare regional reports on the implementation of the LBS Protocol and the State of the Convention Area; 2) advise on programmes in place to conduct assessments relevant to the LBS Protocol and to compile and make available to the Contracting Parties reports and studies that may be required or useful for the implementation of the LBS Protocol; and 3) advise on the formulation of common assessment ranges, assessment values or evaluation ranges, evaluation values to be used as guidelines for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the Convention Area from land-based sources and activities 1. The methodology and approach for preparation of the SOCAR was developed at a workshop held in Kingston from August 2016, and revised following and skype discussions after the workshop. 2. SOCAR VISION AND OBJECTIVE Vision: A major periodic and authoritative regional assessment of the state of the WCR environment with respect to LBS (and their ecological and human impacts) that will inform decision-making and stimulate investments to reduce/eliminate land based sources of pollution in the WCR on the longer term. Objective: To provide an instrument that recognizes how pollution impacts on our shared resources and the collective management actions taken to advance environmental, social and economic development in the Wider Caribbean Region. 3. ASSESSMENT PRODUCTS The main assessment products will be a Technical Report on the State of the Convention Area, Summary for Policy Makers and a website/data portal. 4. TARGET AUDIENCE Cartagena Convention Member States, other WCR countries, CLME+, UNEP and other UN organizations, Regional Seas, donor agencies, others. 5. GUIDING QUESTIONS What is the current environmental state and trends with respect to the LBS Protocol list of substances? What are the human and economic drivers and sources for these substances (e.g., coastal development, population growth, trade and shipping, mining, resource extraction)? What are the potential socio-economic impacts of these substances (e.g., on human health, coastal ecosystems, marine based economies such as fisheries and tourism)? 1 Source: Report of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,

11 What mechanisms or policy frameworks are in place to address land-based marine pollution? Considering the state of the Convention area and the drivers of land-based pollution, where are we headed if we continue with a business-as-usual scenario? 6. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework (illustrated in the diagram below) will be used with focus on State, Drivers/Pressures and Responses, and indicating ecological and socio-economic Impacts without showing actual links (to avoid problem for countries). An integrated approach will be adopted. 7. GEOGRAPHIC SCALE AND ASSESSMENT UNITS The geographic scale is the entire Wider Caribbean Region Assessment units will be the 5 Sub-regions designated in Technical Report 52: Sub-region I: Gulf of Mexico (USA and Mexico); Sub- region II: Western Caribbean (comprising the countries of Central America with coasts on the Caribbean Sea, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama); Sub-region III: Southern Caribbean (comprising the countries of the South American Continent: Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guyana, Suriname, Aruba and Netherlands Antilles); Sub-region IV: Eastern Caribbean-islands (comprising Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Barthelemy, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, U.S. Virgin Islands and Trinidad and Tobago); Sub-region V: Northeast and Central Caribbean (comprising Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico and Turks and Caicos). Contributing watersheds and terrestrial areas will be identified and mapped. LBS hotspots (To be defined by the data sub-group). 4

12 8. SCOPE: PRIORITY LBS ISSUES, SOURCES (as per the Protocol) LBS issues arranged according to high, medium and low priority and emerging issues are presented in the following table, which was compiled by the SOCAR workshop. High Medium Low Emerging Oil refineries Food processing Marine exploration Resource Pulp and paper and resource extraction factories industries Intensive animal Domestic sewage Agricultural non-point sources Chemical industries 9. EMERGING ISSUES rearing operations (in small islands) Sugar factories and distilleries extraction Sargassum Micro plastics and plastics Include new research needs, new parameters, lack of existing cost effective monitoring programmes in place (see for instance, UNEP SIDs Foresight Process), microplastics, marine litter, Sargassum proliferation, ocean acidification, adapted methodologies and technologies, contaminants of emerging concern, tributyl tin, Sahara dust and pathogenic bacteria and impacts on health and fisheries, climate change issues, e-waste, anti-fouling paints in the marine environment (linkages with IMO Convention through the RAC Rempeitc-Caribe in Curaçao). 10. INDICATORS A list of relevant indicators is given in the following table, and will be used as reference. This was compiled from a number of sources including the list compiled by the SOCAR workshop, Technical Report 52, list of SOCAR monitoring parameters, Sustainable Development Goals indicators, IWCAM indicators template, and regional Seas proposed indicators. Core indicators and others (including proxy indicators) and their relationship to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and Targets, Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme (TWAP) and Regional Seas compiled by the SOCAR workshop are presented in Annex 1. 5

13 Reference List of Relevant LBS Parameters for the Wider Caribbean Region SOURCE Domestic including sewage Agriculture/watersheds Industrial Marine Traffic PARAMETERS (Parameters in blue are included in TR 52; SOCAR monitoring parameters are given in the second table) % of wastewater/sewage effluent with X degree of treatment (primary, secondary, tertiary) Domestic wastewater flow discharged into the WCR per yr Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) contained in sewage discharged to WCR Total suspended solids (TSS) contained in sewage discharged to WCR Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) contained in sewage discharged to WCR Total coliforms, Enterococcus species, Escherichia coli in coastal waters % of wastewater treatment facilities complying with adequate standards Detergents % Wastewater recycled, % solid waste recycled TSS, TN and TP load discharged by river basins BOD 5 and COD load discharged by river basins River flow Average annual sediment load discharged Fertilizer use (kg applied per ha per yr, kg per yr, kg imported per yr) Agricultural area (Area, % total land area cultivated by dominant crops) Pesticide use (kg imported per yr; kg applied per ha per yr) Sediment load from non-point sources Organophosphorus compounds BOD 5, COD in industrial wastewaters discharged in WCR Total suspended solids (TSS) in industrial wastewaters discharged in WCR Total nitrogen (TN), Total phosphorous (TP) in industrial wastewaters discharged in WCR Grease and fats Hydrocarbons Oil spills (no. per year) Dissolved and dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons Heavy metals (e.g.- mercury, chromium, lead, cadmium) Selected priority substances ıncludıng Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), methyl mercury, organotin Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) Organohalogen compounds Lubricating oils Cyanides and fluorides Ship movements (Shipping intensity) No. port waste reception facilities in place and for receiving what type of waste (oils, wastewater, solid waste, etc.) Paint reside, bilge and ballast water, antifouling agents 6

14 SOURCE Ambient coastal water quality (SOCAR monitoring parameters in green) Socio-economics PARAMETERS (Parameters in blue are included in TR 52; SOCAR monitoring parameters are given in the second table) Chlorophyll a Turbidity ph Salinity Temperature Dissolved Nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite OR ammonia), Total nitrogen Total phosphorus Dissolved oxygen Fats, Oil and Grease Biochemical Oxygen Demand Total suspended solids Faecal coliform Enterococcus Floatables (e.g. floating plastic density) Total organic carbon (TOC) Conductivity No. of locations and frequency of algal blooms reported per yr No. fish kills reported per yr Upstream coastal population (size of the population up to 25 km from the coast in continental states and the large islands, and the total population of SIDS; Coastal urban population; Annual population growth rate % Upstream coastal population with sanitation coverage, % total population in SIDS Sanitation coverage- percentage with and without connection to sewer systems Incidence of water related illnesses per year Incidence of fish kills and red tides per year % GDP tourism % GDP marine fisheries National Action Plans to reduce input from LBS Incentives ($US) to reduce land based sources 11. DATA AND INFORMATION SOURCES 1. National Data The main data source for the relevant parameters will be national data where available. Datasets are to include discharge and water quality parameters as well as socioeconomic data. At the workshop it was suggested that national data be provided according to Class I and Class II Waters, but this was found to be not feasible since most countries have not yet classified their waters. For each country, national data from at least 2 data sources or sampling locations are to be provided to the Secretariat. The actual raw data is to be provided instead of 7

15 assessment ranges - The actual data is required for the computations to scale up national data to the sub-regional level. The raw data will not be included in the report or made public. For each indicator, the cut values or assessment ranges for the Poor, Fair and Good category will be determined and applied to the national data. National Focal Points will be responsible for compiling, validating and submitting the data to the Secretariat. Each data point should be accompanied by geographic location, institutional data source, sampling methodology, etc. The template for compiling national data is provided as a separate Excel file. The region can be gridded and data density shown on a map. The ideal data density for each variable/parameter can be determined. 2. Regional and global datasets Use of available regional and global datasets including satellite data must be endorsed by the Focal Points. The Secretariat will request endorsement of specific datasets that are identified for use in SOCAR (if no response is received by specific date, this will be taken as agreement to use the dataset). Baseline years: 5 years ( ). Information sources: National and regional agencies, Technical Reports 33 and 52, national reports, regional and global reports, Environmental Impact Assessments, among others (see list of programs in place to conduct assessments). Socio-economic data sources include TWAP, Human Development Report, World Bank Development Indicators, WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, UNESCO. Many of the global datasets are based on national data. It was agreed at the workshop that a Data sub-group will be established (Terms of Reference provided in Annex 2). 12. ADDRESSING DATA GAPS The Data sub-group will identify options for addressing data gaps. The Expert Elicitation method developed by GRID-Arendal will be considered (possibly during the second quarter of 2017). 13. DATA ANALYSIS For each of the five sub-regions, national data will be compiled in the three assessment ranges (Good, Fair and Poor) for each parameter. The cut values for these rages will be determined by the Data sub-group, using the DRAFT Cut Values to Evaluate Monitoring Data from Coastal Segments in the Report of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, , as a starting point). National data will be upscaled (aggregated) and global datasets will be downscaled to the sub-regional level, using appropriate weighting factors and averaging methods (to be determined, with inputs from the Data sub-group). 8

16 14. PRESENTATION OF RESULTS Results will be presented graphically by sub-regions, using colour codes for the three assessment ranges (red, yellow and blue for Poor, Fair and Good condition, respectively), graphs, charts and GIS maps. 15. PEER REVIEW PROCESS This will consist of: Internal review by the countries, STAC, key partners and others; External review by a few key regional and international experts (to be identified). 16. POLITICAL ENDORSEMENT While preparation of SOCAR has been mandated by the Conference of Parties, endorsement of the contents of the SOCAR will be sought. It will be important to also obtain endorsement from countries that are non-parties to the Convention. 17. COMMUNICATION AND OUTREACH Various communication tools and channels will be used for different target audiences (e.g., Meetings, workshops, websites, the media, newsletters & quarterlies, relevant projects, presentations, publications, Fact Sheets, Video PSAs, case studies). 18. SOCAR FRAMEWORK AND OUTLINE The SOCAR framework is presented in Annex 3A and the Annotated Outline, which was developed at the SOCAR workshop, is presented in Annex 3B. 19. WORKPLAN, ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES The workplan with roles and responsibilities was developed at the workshop and is presented in Annex 4. 9

17 Annex 1. List of indicators compiled at the SOCAR Workshop Priority area Category of Indicator Possible Regional Seas Coordinated Indicator Domestic sewage Waste water treatment facilities 1) % coastal urban population connected to sewage facilities 2) % of waste water facilities complying with adequate standards Relevance to SDG 14 (plus SDG 1, SDG 2 others) TWAP Indicators Desirability in Regional Seas Agricultural Non-point sources Industrial Marine Traffic Oil refineries Offshore Bacteriological indicators Physical Conditions Indicators Chemical water quality indicators Location and frequency of alga bloom Total inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus from agriculture, Fertilizer use Concentration of nitrogen + phosphorus in the ocean Suspended Solids Eutrophication status Inputs of marine chemical pollution Trends for selected priority chemicals Paint reside, bilge and ballast 3) % of untreated waste water Chlorophyll a concentration (indicator of phytoplankton biomass) Regional fertilizer consumption (Tonnes per year) Locatıons and frequency of algal blooms reported Trends for selected priority chemicals ıncludıng POPs and heavy metals, BOD and COD 14.1 Index of coastal eutrophication potential 14.1 POPS (Persistent Organic Pollutants) status agreed Inputs of marine chemical pollution Trends for selected priority chemicals 10

18 and exploration Incentive to reduce marine litter at source 1) % port waste reception facilities available 14.1 agreed 2) Incentives to reduce land based sources 2 All priority Areas Ocean acidification National Action Plans to reduce input from LBS Total inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus ph alcalinity 3) Amount of recycled waste on land (%) % National action plans ratified / operational 2 In monetary terms 11

19 Annex 2. Terms of reference for a Data sub-group for SOCAR BACKGROUND The State of the Convention Area Report (SOCAR) will be based mainly on the quantitative assessment of a suite of indicators related to land-based sources and pollutants relevant to the Land-based Sources Protocol of the Cartagena Convention. Water quality and socio-economics data will come principally from national sources, supplemented by global datasets where necessary. As described in the SOCAR Methodology, for each of the five sub-regions national data will be compiled in the three assessment ranges (Good, Fair and Poor) for each parameter and upscaled and global datasets will be downscaled to the sub-regional level, using appropriate upscaling/downscaling factors and averaging methods. As data analysis and management will be a major activity for the preparation of the SOCAR, at the SOCAR workshop held from August 2016 (Kingston, Jamaica) it was agreed to establish a Data Sub-Group consisting of members of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. The purpose of establishing this group is to provide guidance to the SOCAR process on matters relating to data and analysis, to validate the use of specific datasets and the analytical results, and to build some capacity in the region for data management and quantitative indicator assessment. The Data Sub-Group will work in close collaboration with the Secretariat and the SOCAR consultant and liaise regularly with the National Focal Points. MEMBERS The following individuals were designated as Data Sub-Group Members: Linroy Christian (Chair), Darryl Banjoo, Marlen Perez, Troy Pierce, Danneille Townsend and Anthony Headley. Hugh Sullivan and Liana McManus will make inputs as needed. TERMS OF REFERENCE The following are the draft Terms of Reference for the Data Sub-Group, with an indication of the timeframe for each set of activities. September Review and make inputs on the draft template for compilation of national data. 2. Review and agree on the list of key parameters to be included in the SOCAR (water quality and socio-economic data as well as GIS data for geophysical descriptions of the five sub-regions), which will be provided by the consultant. 3. In consultation with the National Focal Points and other relevant persons, compile a list of major national data sources including from outside of the government agencies for the key parameters, help in the selection of core datasets to be used for SOCAR and identify modalities for accessing the datasets that exist outside of the government agencies. 12

20 October November Determine the cut-values for the Poor, Fair and Good assessment ranges for each parameter (drawing on the DRAFT Cut Values to Evaluate Monitoring Data from Coastal Segments in the Report of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, , the US Coastal Condition Report, other relevant documentation on water quality limits/criteria/standards and ambient water quality data), and present the source of information for the cut-values. 5. Provide guidance to the country Focal Points on the compilation and submission of national monitoring datasets for the SOCAR. 6. Review and advise accordingly on the list of key global datasets (to be provided by the consultant) to be used in SOCAR. 7. Advise on options for addressing data gaps. 8. Propose a definition of Hotspot based on the monitoring parameters. November December Review of the data submitted by the countries to identify any inconsistencies and anomalies and ensure that the data template is correctly completed by the countries and any inconsistencies addressed by the persons responsible for the datasets. 10. Assist in identifying the most appropriate scaling factors for aggregating national data and downscaling global data to the five sub-regions. 11. Review and validate the sub-regional aggregated data (from national data) and downscaled data (from global data), which will be provided by the consultant. 12. Prepare a list of main challenges countries face regarding data and information (including capacity for monitoring, data management and analysis, quality of monitoring data, data sharing and data sensitivities, etc.), in consultation with the Focal Points and other relevant persons. 13. Compile a list of key emerging issues with justification to be included in the report, based on the list developed at the workshop. January March Participate in a proposed Data Sub-group workshop on data management and analysis and indicator-based assessment, to be held possibly in early The purpose of this workshop will be to build capacity of the participants in quantitative indicator assessment and make the analysis transparent to generate the political and technical buy-in of the assessment process, from data selection and analysis to interpretation and presentation of sub-regional results. 15. Review the draft SOCAR and provide comments to the Secretariat, with focus on the quantitative analyses and results (March 2017). 13

21 Annex 3A. Outline of a Framework for the SOCAR under Article XII of the LBS Protocol 3 Draft Goal and Objectives for Outline Framework for the SOCAR Draft Goal: To develop a standardized reporting format that would assist contracting parties/countries in reporting on the State of the Convention Area and assist in the development of a regional report on the State of the Convention Area as required under Article XII of the LBS Protocol. Draft Objectives: To provide guidance to the Contracting Parties on reporting information for measures adopted, results obtained and difficulties experienced in the implementation of the LBS Protocol. To provide guidance on reporting for the State of Convention Area so that the scope and format for presenting the information is standardized. To use the data and information contained in national reports to prepare regional reports on the implementation of the LBS Protocol and the State of the Convention Area. To advise on programmes in place to conduct assessments relevant to the LBS Protocol and to compile and make available to the Contracting Parties reports and studies that may be required or useful for the implementation of the LBS Protocol. To provide guidance on measures and methodologies (including models) to assess LBS pollutants concentrations in the Convention area, and to ensure regional compatibility in data. To advise on the formulation of key indicators and assessment values and ranges to be used as guidelines for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution of the Convention Area from land-based sources and activities. To provide an instrument that recognizes how pollution impacts our shared resources and the collective management actions taken to advance environmental, social and economic development in the Wider Caribbean Region. (NOTE: assessment ranges or values or evaluation ranges or values can be used to replace the term cut value that may not be a familiar term in the WCR) A. Who is Involved in the SOCAR (LBS Protocol Article XII Reporting)? Contracting Parties to LBS Protocol required participation (Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Belize, France, Grenada, Guyana, Panama, Saint Lucia, Trinidad & Tobago, and the United States Contracting Parties to the Cartagena Convention voluntary participation. UNEP Caribbean Regional Coordinating Unit in Kingston (CAR/RCU), Regional Activity Center in Cuba (RAC CIMAB), Regional Activity Center in Trinidad (RAC IMA) report preparation, assistance, and coordination. Key organizations and initiatives that are relevant with specific projects that support this SOCAR process and/or are target audiences (UN agencies, ACS/Caribbean Sea Commission, CLME+, CWWA, IWEco, and others) The development of the SOCAR will compliment two previous compilations regarding pollutant loadings in the Wider Caribbean Region: 3 Report of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,

22 o 1994 UNEP CAR/RCU Technical Report No. 33 ( o 2010 UNEP CAR/RCU Update of Technical Report No. 33 ( (Note: To communicate to target audiences, the IISD tool on how to get messages across to policy makers - IISD tool for Integrated Assessment and Reporting on MEAs can be considered). B. Programs in Place to Conduct Assessments (Annex to SOCAR) Parallel regional activities - TWAP, CARICOM, CANARI, INVEMAR, Sustainable island resource mechanism, Antigua (example to document best practices and principles, gathering and interpreting pollution data), etc. (brief narrative and actual list to be placed in Annex. Not necessarily part of the report, but to guide the actual SOCAR process and present the range of activities). Existing coastal zone management programs and national plans of action for each country (a list of these plans and website references should be compiled) Integrating Watershed and Coastal Area Management (IWCAM) Project Results for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) ( Caribbean Regional Fund for Wastewater Management (CREW) ( UNEP Global Program of Action and National Plans of Action for selected countries in the Wider Caribbean Region ( US National Coastal Condition Assessment ( Heavily Contaminated Bays and Harbours Project( 20CReW_%20Final_ENG.pdf) UNEP CAR/RCU Monitoring of Regional Hot Spots. Regional Network in Marine Science and Technology for the Caribbean: The Know Why Network ( UNEP Ecosystem Management Project (Norway Partnership). Ecosystem Management for the integrated land and seascape of northern Trinidad ( Baseline analysis on domestic wastewater management in the Wider Caribbean Region 15

23 Annex 3B. Annotated SOCAR outline (Revised 24 Aug 2016 based on workshop discussions. Working group to suggest maximum page length for report) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY To be decided (TBD): Technical summary and Summary for Policy makers as two stand-alone documents Summary of the overall state of the Convention Area, highlighting any hotspots and differences and similarities among sub-regions. (Target audience to include government ministers, the media, general public and potential donors). 1. INTRODUCTION a. The LBS Protocol and the scope of the SOCAR. Priority LBS issues, sources. Principles on which the Protocol was designed. LBS protocol in the context of the Cartagena Convention, and with the Oil spills and SPAW Protocols, links with public health (without explicit causal links) and ecosystem goods and services. Impact of the Convention and Protocol- How do the member states benefit? (Bring this out clearly to motivate member states. Use LBS Protocol Article VI Monitoring and Assessment Programs and guidance from the LBS Protocol s Scientific, Technical, and Advisory Committee to assess conditions). b. Purpose of SOCAR, its importance, target audiences, what it is attempting to do, and how it can be used (include questions SOCAR seeks to answer- from methodology). c. Links with other relevant frameworks such as SDGs. d. Summary of what governments are doing for reporting under relevant frameworks (Working Group to contribute). e. Summary of main relevant programs in place to conduct assessments (country-specific, regional, global). (Working Group inputs for country-specific programs). 2. GEOGRAPHIC, ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FEATURES Geographic coverage and assessment units a. The Convention Area as defined in Article 2 of the Cartagena Convention. The target coverage is the entire ocean area out to the EEZs, with focus on the coastal areas. b. Assessment units (sub-regions as used in UNEP CEP Technical Report No. 52): Sub-region I: Gulf of Mexico (USA and Mexico); Sub- region II: Western Caribbean (comprising the countries of Central America with coasts on the Caribbean Sea, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama); Sub-region III: Southern Caribbean (comprising the countries of the South American Continent: Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guyana, Suriname, Aruba and Netherlands Antilles); Sub-region IV: Eastern Caribbean-islands (comprising Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Barthelemy, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, U.S. Virgin Islands and Trinidad and Tobago); 16

24 Sub-region V: Northeast and Central Caribbean (comprising Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico and Turks and Caicos). Geographic and ecological features a. Description of main geographic and ecological features of the region (such as main oceanographic currents, precipitation and meteorology, major rivers and discharges, critical habitats, endangered species, and other essential information to characterize the WCR. b. Highlight similarities and differences among the five sub-regions. c. Use GIS information where available to show: watershed boundaries, major rivers, monitoring sites, land use/ human use areas including major city centers. (A demo GIS map could be used with representative data from a couple of countries- Jamaica & Mexico suggested. The GIS based information system such as for SRIM project in Antigua could be used. Additional layers to be decided, including where data can be manipulated by governments. A technical advisory sub-group may be required). Socio-economic characteristics a. Summary of the key socio-economic features of the five sub-regions, of relevance to LBS (e.g., total population /coastal population, GDP- agricultural, industrial, tourism, fishing). b. Associated human pressures on the environment, and relevance for SOCAR, LBS Protocol. (Summary of main land-based activities and potential sources of pollution, including main industries, sanitation coverage, etc). (Working group members to contribute national data and information). 3. METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH Summary of methodology and approach for preparing the SOCAR (from separate methodology document or annex. Some workshop participants expressed that the methodology document will be important including for future SOCARs and national reporting; methodology to go to the COP). a. Conceptual framework: Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (Focus on State). b. Indicators - core and others. (Include monitoring parameters proposed at the September 2011 UNEP CEP Workshop on Monitoring and Assessment). c. Data sources General overview (Details in next section for each indicator, focus on national data, but also include global/regional data and information where available. Include main challenges countries face regarding data and information, data sensitivities. Data challenges may affect how results are presented such as aggregation, assessment ranges, colour codes). (Data sub-group). d. Data analysis. Aggregating national data to sub-regional level, cut values for colour-coded assessment ranges (Good as green, Fair as yellow, and Poor Area as red; use the classification of coastal areas in Class I and II according to the LBS Protocol, if possible). (Data sub-group) 4. STATE OF THE CONVENTION AREA (An option is to separate this section into 2-3 chapters according to domestic and industrial sources, non-point sources, etc) 17

25 Presentation of results for each parameter (Analysis and comparison of current environmental information on watersheds and coastal area conditions compared to cut values and previous environmental information including in TR 52) a. Introduction for each parameter (relevance in the WCR, any national/regional monitoring programmes in place, main socio-economic drivers/sources). b. Main data sources and how parameter assessed, field sampling and laboratory analytical method, confidence level (with Data sub-group). c. Assessment ranges in the three categories (Good, Fair, Poor) and corresponding colour codes for each parameter. (Use of maps and charts to illustrate results). d. Spatial and temporal trends - Comparison with previous or other existing data where available (including TR 33 and 52). e. Future projections (where possible). f. Socio-economic and ecological impacts (not in detail) human health, fish kills, harmful algal blooms, fishing area closures, etc. g. Other sources of pollutants in the marine environment (e.g., oil spills) not assessed by the selected indicators. h. Non-point sources. i. Discussion (including challenges and limitations, and key messages). (Working Group to contribute national data in the three assessment ranges, in given template) 5. POLICY RESPONSES AND BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES a. Major policy responses at national/regional levels to achieve LBS Protocol objectives (what countries are doing, to include policy cycle, SDG commitments, CLME+, UNEP ROLAC, GPA, etc). b. Current and proposed Best Management Practices (BMP) to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the Convention Area. (Where possible, discuss results from any previously implemented BMPs and present available monitoring results to document the success of the selected BMPs). (Working Group to contribute information on BMP in the countries) 6. CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING THE LBS PROTOCOL (National and regional levels) a. Implementing policies and regulations, surveillance and enforcement. b. Technical and analytical challenges (including regional capabilities). c. Monitoring (data and information gathering including regional capabilities). d. Analyzing data and conducting assessment. (Working Group to contribute national information) 7. EMERGING ISSUES (Not an exhaustive review, just to flag). To include new research needs, new parameters, lack of existing cost effective monitoring programmes in place (see for instance, SIDs foresight process), microplastics, marine litter, Sargassum, ocean acidification, adapted methodologies and technologies, contaminants of emerging concern, tributyl tin, 18

26 Sahara dust and pathogenic bacteria and impacts on health and fisheries, climate change issues, e- waste, anti-fouling paints in the marine environment, linkages with IMO Convention through the RAC Rempeitc-Caribe in Curaçao. (Working Group to contribute). 8. CONCLUSIONS 9. RECOMMENDATIONS (Working Group to contribute) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES ANNEXES 19

27 Annex 4. SOCAR Workplan with activities, roles and responsibilities Tasks/deliverables Responsible Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Weeks Inception workshop preparation Secretariat X X X Inception workshop, Kingston All X Draft Inception report (with outline and methodology) for review by WG Annotated outline for review by WG (if not done at workshop) Consultant (+ Secretariat) Consultant Final annotated outline Consultant X Identification of key national & Data sub-group X X regional data sets Preparation and circulation of letter, with template and guidelines to countries for submission of data to Secretariat Secretariat X Preparation and validation of Focal points X X X X data by countries Submission of national data (in 3 Focal Points X ranges: P, F, G) to Secretariat Request for approval of regional Secretariat X data sets by countries Approval of regional datasets by Focal Points X countries Identification and compilation of literature WG, Consultant X X X Data analysis (assessment) Consultant (+ X X X X others) Survey- country capacity (preparation and distribution of questionnaire- TBD Submission of annotated outline Secretariat X X X 20

28 Tasks/deliverables Responsible Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Weeks and methodology to STAC Expert Elicitation exercise (to be considered for after March 2017) GRID-Arendal, Secretariat, WCR experts Drafting of SOCAR (zero draft) Consultant X X X X X Submission of draft zero to Secretariat Consultant X Review of draft zero Possibility of a workshop for draft zero (or draft 1)? LBS WG & others (CLME + etc) Elaboration of SOCAR draft 1 Consultant X Submission of draft 1 for COP Consultant X? Review (peer and WG)- Schedule TBD WG and external reviewers BEYOND MARCH end 2017 Finalization and submission of Consultant Final SOCAR Final validation/endorsement of SOCAR (end 2017) LBS WG & COP? TBD: Communication and outreach, political process, editing, graphics, design and layout of report, translation, preparation of Summary for Policy Makers X X 21

29 Template for submission of national datasets for the State of the Convention Area Report- SOCAR This template has three worksheets: (1) Guidelines - this worksheet, (2) List of Parameters for reference, and (3) a Data template for providing the actual data on each parameter for which data are available, with additional You are not expected to have data for all the parameters listed in worksheet 2 (this list is for reference only) The baseline years for this SOCAR are , but please also provide data for , if available Please fill in worksheet 3 for the parameters for which data are available. If data are available for other relevant LBS parameters that are not on the reference list, please provide these as well in worksheet 3. Leave the cell empty Ensure that the data is for the Wider Caribbean Region only Please provide the actual values (NOT ranges or averages) as these are required for the computations to scale up national data to the sub-regional level. The raw data will NOT be included in the report or made public Please send the completed template by 15 November 2016 to the Cartagena Convention Secretariat, to Mr. Christopher Corbin: cjc@cep.unep.org Please also send copies of any relevant published and unpublished reports, maps, internet links, etc. to the Do not hesitate to contact the Secretariat if you have any questions or concerns Thank you for your collaboration in this important exercise

30 SOCAR REFERENCE LIST OF RELEVANT PARAMETERS FOR THE WIDER CARIBBEAN REGION Please include any other relevant parameters for which data are available in worksheet 3 SOURCE Domestic including sewage Agriculture/watersheds PARAMETERS (Parameters in blue are included in TR 52; SOCAR monitoring parameters are given in the second table) % of wastewater/sewage effluent with X degree of treatment (primary, secondary, tertiary) Domestic wastewater flow discharged into the WCR per yr Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) contained in sewage discharged to WCR Total suspended solids (TSS) contained in sewage discharged to WCR Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) contained in sewage discharged to WCR Total coliforms, Enterococcus species, Escherichia coli in coastal waters % of wastewater treatment facilities complying with adequate standards Detergents % Wastewater recycled, % solid waste recycled TSS, TN and TP load discharged by river basins BOD 5 and COD load discharged by river basins River flow Average annual sediment load discharged Fertilizer use (kg applied per ha per yr, kg per yr, kg imported per yr) Agricultural area (Area, % total land area cultivated by dominant crops) Pesticide use (kg imported per yr; kg applied per ha per yr) Sediment load from non-point sources Organophosphorus compounds BOD 5, COD in industrial wastewaters discharged in WCR Total suspended solids (TSS) in industrial wastewaters discharged in WCR Industrial Marine Traffic Total nitrogen (TN), Total phosphorous (TP) in industrial wastewaters discharged in WCR Grease and fats Hydrocarbons Oil spills (no. per year) Dissolved and dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons Heavy metals (e.g.- mercury, chromium, lead, cadmium) Selected priority substances ıncludıng Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), methyl mercury, organotin Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) Organohalogen compounds Lubricating oils Cyanides and fluorides Ship movements (Shipping intensity) No. port waste reception facilities in place and for receiving what type of waste (oils, wastewater, solid waste, etc.)

31 SOURCE Ambient coastal water quality (SOCAR monitoring parameters in green) Socio-economics PARAMETERS (Parameters in blue are included in TR 52; SOCAR monitoring parameters are given in the second table) Paint reside, bilge and ballast water, antifouling agents Chlorophyll a Turbidity ph Salinity Temperature Dissolved Nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite OR ammonia), Total nitrogen Total phosphorus Dissolved oxygen Fats, Oil and Grease Biochemical Oxygen Demand Total suspended solids Faecal coliform Enterococcus Floatables (e.g. floating plastic density) Total organic carbon (TOC) Conductivity No. of locations and frequency of algal blooms reported per yr No. fish kills reported per yr Upstream coastal population (size of the population up to 25 km from the coast in continental states and the large islands, and the total population of SIDS; Coastal urban population; Annual population growth rate % Upstream coastal population with sanitation coverage, % total population in SIDS Sanitation coverage- percentage with and without connection to sewer systems Incidence of water related illnesses per year Incidence of fish kills and red tides per year % GDP tourism % GDP marine fisheries National Action Plans to reduce input from LBS Incentives ($US) to reduce land based sources