Reactor Technology and Cogeneration for a Cleaner Environment

Transcription

1 Reactor Technology and Cogeneration for a Cleaner Environment I. Khamis Head, Non-electric Applications Unit Nuclear Power Technology Development Section Department Nuclear Energy

2 Content Reactor technology and Cogeneration Value of cogeneration Issues related to cogeneration

3 Reactor Technology and Cogeneration The wide spectrum of current reactors can cover various types of applications

4 Nuclear Cogeneration A single reactor for the simultaneous production of more than one product m3/day Seawater desalination High efficiency power generation 0 0 Industrial heat applications o C Steelmaking Gas to liquid Ammonia fertilizer Oil refining Tar sands oil extraction Pulp & paper production District heating Reactor outlet coolant o C Cooling Water Recuperator Hydrogen cogeneration Reactor Power Plant Reactor (600MWt) Precooler IHX 850~950 7~5 MPa Isolation Valves Internal Hot Coolant Flow Cold Flow on Primary Pressure Boundary Distant Hydrogen Production Plant 900, 5.2 MPa Gas turbine Thermochemical IS Process He Circulator O H 2 H 2 O To Grid

5 The Value of Cogeneration: More useful products from fuel

6 The Value of Cogeneration: Better NPP Projects Better Efficiency Over 80% energy efficiency Open new sectors for nuclear power Better Use of energy Optimize energy efficiency Match industrial application needs at the right temperature Better Flexibility In future energy planning In operating nuclear power plants/and electrical Grid In diversifying energy outputs Better Environmental impacts Reduce waste heat dumped to the environment Additional heat sink

7 The Value of Cogeneration: Cleaner Environment Save Energy Recover waste heat Open new utilization of nuclear power Save Environment Reduce CO 2 emissions Reduce nuclear waste Save Money Get cheaper energy Reduce the need for fossil fuels

8 Implementing nuclear cogeneration!! Feasible On all reactor types Existing nuclear reactors can be retrofitted Safe Minimal impact on reactor safety Product outputs is free of radioactive contamination Value added For pubic use: Drinking Water, District heating/cooling For industrial use : Steam, Synthetic Fuels, Hydrogen

9 Challenges for nuclear cogeneration Mismatch between reactor designs & heat markets, Business arrangements & Economic issues, Demonstration of tailored NPPs for industries, Regulatory framework of tailored NPPs, Overcoming issues of tailored NPPs (siting, time required for planning, construction, financial risk,..etc)

10 No. of Reactors Success Stories on Cogeneration % By typee By applications 35 of world electricity is from By nuclear country 30 power 1 PH, 6 30 Des, plants LWGR, 15 PH nuclear PHWR, 9 power DH, 27 reactors worldwide, 5 PWR, 50 DH, are being PWR used for co-generation of hot water PHWR and/ or steam for: LWGR 15 FBR» District heating, 10 5» Seawater desalination» Industrial processes. 0Over 700 reactor-years of combined experience exists IN JP PK BG CH CZ HU RO RU SK UA CH IN RU SK for these Desalinationnon-electrical District applications. Heating Process Heating with 79 operating reactors and 750 reactor-years experience

11 Harnessing waste heat from High Temperature Reactor for desalination: The Pebble-Bed Modular Reactor PBMR PBMR rejects heat from the pre-cooler and intercooler = 220 MWth + MED desalination technology at 70 C Desalinated water m3/day Cover the needs of people

12 Market Opportunities for High Temperature Reactors in North America Total: 810 Reactors 249 GWt 110 GWt 75 GWt Petrochemical, Refinery, Fertilizer/Ammonia plants and others 60 GWt Steam, electricity, hydrogen & water treatment 36 GWt Steam, electricity, high temperature fluids, hydrogen 10% of the nuclear electrical supply increase required to achieve pending Government objectives for emissions reductions by 2050 Co-generation Oil Sands/ Oil Shale Hydrogen Market Synthetic Fuels & Feedstock IPP Supply of Electricity 125 Reactor Modules* 30 Reactor Modules 60 Reactor modules 415 Reactor Modules 180 Reactor Modules Source: Lewis Lommers, AREVA US *All module #s assume only 25% of market

13 Free IAEA Software in Support to Member States Desalination Economic Evaluation Programme DEEP Drinking and industrial water economic assessment Hydrogen Economic Evaluation Programme HEEP Desalination Thermal Optimization Programme DE-TOP TOOLKITS on seawater desalination and hydrogen production Hydrogen production, energy storage and transportation economic assessment Improving plant efficiency/rate of return Demonstration of seawater desalination and hydrogen production using nuclear energy For more information, please contact:

14 Thank you for your attention.

15 Status of major non-electric applications Application Level of maturity Future Projects & recent activity District Heating Desalination High temperature process heat Hydrogen production Demonstrated at industrial scale & currently operating (Russia, Switzerland, ) Tested at industrial scale in the past (BN-350) Small small scale applications in NPPs to supply fresh water to plant Demonstrated at industrial scale for low temp. steam applications. R&D HTR and cogeneration Demonstrated at lab scale for thermochemical cycles (HTTR) and HTE Option for new build in Finland or Poland, feasibility studies in France for coupling existing NPPs to DH systems Huge needs in the future but no project in sight NHDD project in Korea clean steel NGNP Alliance & EU s NC2I collaboration Synthetic fuel production NHDD in Korea, on-going R&D (Gen IV) Challenges Differences between electricity & heat markets. Economic assessment. Complexity and scale of investments in water infrastructures. Public acceptance? Long term? Business model (nuclear operator industrial application operator) Licensing, safety, public acceptance, Long term Hydrogen economy? Competition with electric mobility? Nuclear hybrid energy system R&D on low carbon energy systems involving nuclear & variable renewables Assessment of services provided by nuclear (electricity, storage, heat) Economic assessment Long term prospects