Smart Cities Conference and Expo By: Dr. Jyoti Parikh Executive Director

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1 INTEGRATING CLIMATE RESILIENCE IN SMART CITIES Smart Cities Conference and Expo th May, 2017 By: Dr. Jyoti Parikh Executive Director

2 About IRADe IRADe, a think tank set up in 2002 Conducts multi disciplinary research and policy analysis Multi stakeholders problems and approaches involving government, nongovernmental organizations, corporations, academia and financial institutions. Engages in national and international dialogue for consensus building Key Thematic Areas Sustainable Urban Development Climate Change & Environment Energy & Power Systems Poverty Alleviation & Gender Agriculture & Food Security

3 Centre of Excellence Urban Development & Climate Change CENTRE Climate Change & Urban Resilience OF Disaster Management & Vulnerability Assessment EXCELLENCE Smart Cities & Sustainable Urban Development

4 Geographical Coverage - CoE 4

5 Questions being addressed by CoE How many cities are vulnerable to disasters & climate change? How prepared cities are to the extreme events & disasters? Capacity building for Urban Local Bodies for preparedness? Integrating disaster & climate resilience through master plans/smart city development plans? Developing consensus amongst disparate stakeholders for low carbon growth?

6 Other Areas focussed by CoE Climate and Disaster Resilience, MoUD Urban Infrastructure (Waste, Water, Power and transport), MoUD Solar Cities & Low Carbon Cities, MNRE Air pollution and Health, NERC & MoEF Climate, Health & Cities, DST, IDRC Planning for Heat wave alert and Early Warning System for Dengue

7 Priorities of Sendai Framework ( ) Understanding Disaster Risk Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance to Manage Disaster Risk Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response and To Build Back Better in Recovery

8 Seven Global Targets of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower average per 100,000 global mortality rate in the decade compared to the period Substantially reduce number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to lower average global figure per 100,000 in the decade compared to the period Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030 Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services, among them health and educational facilities, including through developing their resilience by 2030

9 Rapid Vulnerability Analysis Framework-HIGS By IRADe A framework named HIGS was developed where H is Hazard Exposure; I stand for Infrastructure, G for Governance and S for Socio-Economic variables. H Hazards: Physical and Meteorological Indicators Temperature (Maximum. Minimum) Precipitation (Maximum. Minimum) Mean Sea Level Frequency of Drought Frequency of Floods Frequency of Cyclones S Socio-Economic Indicators Demographic composition (Sex-Ratio, age structure) Slum Population (Poverty status) Literacy rate Migration flow Urbanisation trend and urban sprawl HIGS -Climate Responsive Urban Development I Infrastructure and Urban Services Water supply Sewerage system Solid waste management Storm water drainage Transportation Power Housing G Governance- Institutions Participatory Transparency Accountability Response efficiency and capability Innovative financing 9

10 International Best Practice - Working Paper on HIGS Framework for Climate-Resilient Urban Development HIGS framework for Rapid Vulnerability Analysis (RVA) of Cities. Aimed to assist policy makers, urban planners, city administrators, experts, academicians and students in dealing with climate related impacts in cities and formulate adaptation strategies 10

11 Vulnerability Assessment of 20 Indian Cities 20 cities selected from 14 states Coverage of different ecosystem types - coastal, hills, riverine, mixed (arid and dry). Developed HIGS as a methodological framework for preparing Rapid Vulnerability Profiles of the cities Climate Vulnerability profiles of 20 Indian Cities were developed Vulnerability matrix was prepared for detailed analysis. Highlighted Infrastructure, governance and institutional framework needed for building resilience at city level 11

12 Vulnerability Matrix 12

13 Sustainable & Disaster Resilient Urban Development; Case studies of 10 Indian Cities 1. Assessment of State of Disaster Resilience of 10 Indian Cities. 2. Four Capacity Building Workshops 3. Outputs: GIS maps (Hazard Assessment maps) prepared for the 10 cities: DEM Maps, Flood hazard maps, Critical support services map, Vulnerable social groups map, Integrated land use and flood prone area maps Vulnerability Assessment Matrix of the cities Disaster Timelines of the cities

14 Vulnerability to Hazards

15 Vulnerability Indicators: Governance & Mitigation Variables Ahmedabad Bhopal Bhubaneswar Dehradun Guwahati Hyderabad Pune Shillong Srinagar Visakhapatnam Governance and Institutional Framework Disaster response system L H L L L M L L L M City Disaster Management department L H L M L M L L M H Dedicated persons to handle and update Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) data L H L H M M M M M M DRR in urban planning L H L M M M M M H M Top down approach or Bottom up approach M H L L L L L L L M Adaptation Strategies in the cities Prevention( preparedness drills/mock drills, regular training) Human Resource-trained workforce for community interaction, community awareness initiative etc H L L L L L L M L H L L L M L L L M Early warning system and rehabilitation M H L L L L L H L M Updated previous disaster database L H M L M M M M L M Mitigation Actions by Category Emergency Services- like dedicated control room for information dispensation and coordination and Necessary equipments in place and functioning L H L L L L L L L L Natural Resource Protection M M M M M Building codes for current and future construction L H L L L L L L L H L : Low vulnerability (desired system at place) M: Medium Vulnerability (desired system at place but needs improvement H: High Vulnerability ( desired system missing and not functional

16 Key Observations Increased Population density and Urbanization, increases vulnerability to disaster. As compared to the national growth rate of 17.64% ( ) all the cities, expected for Shillong and Guwahati, has recorded higher growth rates In absence of basic facilities, slum population is the most vulnerable group at the times of disaster. Bhubaneshwar and Vishakhapatnam has the highest share of slum population to the total population of the cities, (44% and 45% respectively) Cities are exposed to multiple natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, urban floods, drought/ water scarcity, landslides, heat & cold waves etc. Srinagar, Ahmedabad, Dehradun, Guwahati and Visakhapatnam are among the most vulnerable cities exposed to numerous natural and man-made hazards Cities do not meet with the MoUD benchmarks for Urban Infrastructure like Water supply, Sewerage, Solid waste management and storm water drainage facilities None of the cities have disaster resilience plans and strategies incorporated in respective City Development Plans

17 Towards Disaster Resilient Cities Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) using of indigenous knowledge alongside scientific knowledge is increasingly advocated to reduce community vulnerability to environmental hazards Database management will provide inundation information about the onset, duration and passing of a hazard event. City Disaster Management Plan (CDMP), needs to be prepared for cities Natural Resource Management plan and regional plan can make the city well informed about hazards Strong Governance and Institutional Framework, covering disaster resilience, adaptation, environment and sustainability is highly required as the city is being upgraded on all fronts Training need assessments and Technical Capacity building at Urban Local Body Level Robust Infrastructure, building stronger transportation system, water supply, sanitation and power infrastructure with optimum physical resilience Improving Socio-economic conditions of urban poor Engage private actors in the delivery of government infrastructure and services

18 City Reports

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25 Climate Resilient Smart Cities Inputs to integrate Climate resilience in smart city framework of Govt. of India Consultations with ULBs to integrate disaster and climate resilience as part of master plans, city development plans and smart city plans Engaged with Ahmedabad & Guwahati City Municipal Corporations Policy recommendations and interventions for developing climate resilient smart cities in India Working on Climate, Health and Cities Working on Air pollution and Health, NERC, MoEF

26 Smart City Framework Components of Smart City Physical Economic Governance Social Water Waste Transportation Communication Energy Buildings Macro and Micro Finance Industries Services Commerce PPP Institutions City Enforcement and Regulation E-Governance Service Delivery Mechanism Security and Emergency Services Public Participation Education Health Cultural Recreation Entertainment Green and Open Spaces Smart Interventions Climate Resilient and Responsive sive Smart City

27 Climate Change Effective Disaster Mgmt. & Response System planning (CDMPs, EOCs, EWS, Control rooms, DRR funds) Integrate Disaster Resilience in Smart City Plans Efficient natural resource mgmt., ecosystem based development, energy conservation interventions Better coordination among city ULBs & all parastatal agencies Strengthen Infrastructure Services, Asset Building Poverty Reduction, Improving socio-economic conditions Flexible solutions Substitutes/Alternatives Effective implementation of Urban Reforms (74 th CCA) Governance/City Administrations

28 Key Initiatives for Climate Resilient Smart City Disaster Risk Reduction Infrastructure Urban Environment DRR should be integrated into city planning. Maintenance of infrastructure database. Passive Design measures to increase thermal comfort Identification of vulnerable areas of the city Reducing per capita water/energy consumption. Improving fuel efficiency. Recycle/ Reuse of water to be encouraged Separate budget for DRR Crisis management and recovery from smart meters and advanced Outage Management Systems (OMS) PPP model for the maintenance of public parks.

29 Partners and Sponsors

30 Thank You For more information Contact Dr. Jyoti parikhj@irade.org IRADe Centre of Excellence Urban Development and Climate Change Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India 30