Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center 315 East Palisades Avenue Englewood, NJ 07631

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1 Steven Winter Associates, Inc. 293 Route 18 South, Suite 330 Telephone (866) Building Systems Consultants East Brunswick, NJ Facsimile (203) June 14, 2013 Local Government Energy Program Energy Audit Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center 315 East Palisades Avenue Englewood, NJ Project Number: LGEA106 Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 1/55

2 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 3 INTRODUCTION... 5 HISTORICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION... 6 EXISTING FACILITY AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION RENEWABLE AND DISTRIBUTED ENERGY MEASURES PROPOSED ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES PROPOSED FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS APPENDIX A: EQUIPMENT LIST APPENDIX B: LIGHTING STUDY APPENDIX C: ENERGYMISERS APPENDIX D: UPCOMING EQUIPMENT PHASEOUTS APPENDIX E: THIRD PARTY ENERGY SUPPLIERS APPENDIX F: GLOSSARY AND METHOD OF CALCULATIONS APPENDIX G: STATEMENT OF ENERGY PERFORMANCE FROM ENERGY STAR APPENDIX H: INCENTIVE PROGRAMS APPENDIX I: ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES APPENDIX J: METHOD OF ANALYSIS Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 2/55

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Dwight-Englewood School s Klein Campus Center is a two-story, 32,868 ft 2 high school campus center. The building, built in 2005, currently houses several classrooms, the Hajjar Auditorium, student coop and bookstore, choir room, rehearsal rooms and senior lounge. A partial basement level houses the buildings mechanical equipment and provides an entrance through the west end of the building. The building is primarily used for upper classman and is specific to musical and performance arts. A partial basement area houses mechanical equipment and elevator access to a lower campus section. The building is also connected to the Schenck Auditorium. The buildings are connected by a common hallway, located on the north side of the conjoining buildings. The kitchen and cafeteria area marks the division line between the two buildings. A pedestrian bridge connects the Klein Campus Center to Leggett Hall. The following chart provides a comparison of the current building energy usage based on the period from December 2011 through November 2012 with the proposed energy usage resulting from the installation of recommended Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) excluding any renewable energy: Electric Usage (kwh/yr) Table 1: State of Building Energy Usage Current Source Gas Site Energy Annual Energy Use Usage Use Intensity Cost of (therms/yr) (kbtu/ft 2 Intensity /yr) Energy ($) (kbtu/ft 2 /yr) Joint Energy Consumption (MMBtu/yr) Current 614,102 17,968 $114, ,892 Proposed 600,725 17,968 $110, ,847 Savings 13,377 0 $3,969* % Savings 2.2% 0.0% 3.5% 1.2% 1.7% 1.2% *Includes operation and maintenance savings SWA has entered energy information about the Dwight-Englewood School facility into the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) Energy Star Portfolio Manager Energy Benchmarking system. The ENERGY STAR Energy Performance Rating was calculated to be 6. The building has a Site Energy Utilization Intensity of 118 kbtu/ft 2 /yr compared to the National Median of 71 kbtu/ft 2 /yr, for similar schools indicating room for improvement. Recommendations Based on the current state of the building and its energy use, SWA recommends implementing the following Energy Conservation Measures: Recommended ECMs Upgrade 34 Incandescent fixtures with Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) Retrofit 1 refrigerated vending machine with a VendingMiser Device Retrofit 1 snack vending machine with a SnackMiser Device Install 1 Daylight Sensors Retrofit 9 High Pressure Sodium fixtures with LEDs Install 17 occupancy sensors Incentive Program (APPENDIX H for details) N/A N/A N/A Smart Start Smart Start Smart Start Appendix I contains an Energy Conservation Measures table Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 3/55

4 Capital Improvements are recommendations for the building that may not be cost-effective at the current time, but that could yield a significant long-term payback. Capital improvements may also constitute equipment that is currently being operated beyond its useful lifetime. These recommendations should typically be considered as part of a long-term capital improvement plan. Capital improvements should be considered if additional funds are made available, or if the installed costs can be shared with other improvements, such as major building renovations. Install high efficiency boilers Upgrade BMS front end Testing and balancing Consider installing a PV system In addition to these ECMs, SWA recommends the following Operation and Maintenance (O&M) measures that would contribute to reducing energy usage at low or no cost: Increase filter replacement frequency Install water-efficient fixtures and controls Inspect and replace cracked/ineffective caulk. Inspect and maintain sealants at all windows for airtight performance. Inspect and maintain weather-stripping around all exterior doors and roof hatches. Purchase Energy Star appliances when new purchases are made Use smart electric power strips Create an energy educational program There may be energy procurement opportunities for the Dwight-Englewood School to reduce annual utility costs. The School currently pays a competitive utility rate for electric and gas, but may be able to further reduce utility costs. SWA recommends further evaluation with energy suppliers, listed in Appendix E. Energy Conservation Measure Implementation SWA recommends that Dwight-Englewood School implement the following Energy Conservation Measures using an appropriate Incentive Program for reduced capital cost: Table 2: Energy Conservation Measure Recommendations Measures First Year Simple Payback Initial CO2 Savings Savings ($) Period (Years) Investment (lbs/yr) 0-5 Year $3, $11,463 17, Year $ $3,400 6,491 Total $3, $14,863 23,952 Environmental Benefits SWA estimates that implementing the recommended ECMs is equivalent to removing approximately 2 cars from the roads each year or is equivalent of planting 58 trees to absorb CO 2 from the atmosphere. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 4/55

5 INTRODUCTION Launched in 2008, the Local Government Energy Audit (LGEA) Program provides subsidized energy audits for municipal and local government-owned facilities, including offices, courtrooms, town halls, police and fire stations, sanitation buildings, transportation structures, schools and community centers. The Program will subsidize up to 100% of the cost of the audit. The Board of Public Utilities (BPUs) Office of Clean Energy has assigned TRC Energy Services to administer the Program. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. (SWA) is a 40-year-old architectural/engineering research and consulting firm, with specialized expertise in green technologies and procedures that improve the safety, performance, and cost effectiveness of buildings. SWA has a long-standing commitment to creating energy-efficient, cost-saving and resource-conserving buildings. As consultants on the built environment, SWA works closely with architects, developers, builders, and local, state, and federal agencies to develop and apply sustainable, whole building strategies in a wide variety of building types: commercial, residential, educational and institutional. SWA performed an energy audit and assessment for the Dwight-Englewood School at 315 East Palisade Avenue, Englewood, NJ. The process of the audit included facility visits on December 10 th - 11 th, 2012 and January 3 rd -4 th, 2013, benchmarking and energy bill analysis, assessment of existing conditions, energy conservation measures and other recommendations for improvements. The scope of work includes providing a summary of current building conditions, current operating costs, potential savings, and investment costs to achieve these savings. The facility description includes energy usage, occupancy profiles and current building systems along with a detailed inventory of building energy systems, recommendations for improvement and recommendations for energy purchasing and procurement strategies. The goal of this Local Government Energy Audit is to provide sufficient information to the Dwight- Englewood Schools to make decisions regarding the implementation of the most appropriate and most cost-effective energy conservation measures. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 5/55

6 Electric Usage (kwh) Electric Cost ($) HISTORICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION Energy usage, load profile and cost analysis SWA reviewed electric and gas utility bills from December 2010 through November 2012 that were received from the Dwight-Englewood School. A 12 month period of analysis from December 2011 through November 2012 was used for all calculations and for purposes of benchmarking the building. Electricity The Klein Campus Center is currently served by one electric meter, supplied and delivered by Public Service Electric & Gas (PSE&G). Electricity is used in process loads such as fans, motors, as well as plug loads such as computers, refrigerators and copying machines. Electricity is also used to operate the chillers. Because the chillers provide chilled water to the Schenck Auditorium, SWA apportioned electric meter data according to building area (square footage). Electricity was purchased at an average aggregated rate of $0.160/kWh and the building consumed 614,102 kwh, or $98,227 of electricity, for the analyzed billing period. The annual monthly peak demand was 189 kw for the month of June, while the average monthly demand was 133 kw. The chart below shows the monthly electric usage and costs. The dashed green line represents the approximate baseload or minimum electric usage required to operate the school. The baseline usage for the facility is approximately 15,000 kwh. As shown in the chart, an increase in electric consumption during the summer months is typical of this building type, which uses electricity for cooling. 70,000 Annual Electric Usage (kwh) and Cost($) $12,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 $10,000 $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 Date (Month-Year) Electric Usage (kwh) Estimated Baseload (kwh) Electric Cost Figure 1 Annual electric usage and costs Natural gas The building is served by one natural gas meter, strictly for cooking, which is supplied by HESS and delivered by PSE&G. Additionally heating hot water is generated using natural gas metered from the Pope Science Hall, which is also shared with the Schenck Auditorium. SWA estimated the Klein Campus Centers natural gas consumption by apportioning Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 6/55

7 Natural Gas Usage (therms) Natural Gas Cost($) the Pope Science Hall gas meter data according to building area (square footage). Natural gas was purchased at an estimated average aggregated rate of $0.916/therm and the building consumed 17,968 therms, or $16,452 of natural gas, for the analyzed billing period. The chart below shows the monthly natural gas usage and costs. The green line represents the approximate baseload or minimum natural gas usage required to operate the school. The nonheating gas baseload for the school is approximately 18.9 therms. As expected, usage peaks in the winter months in conjunction with the operation of the gas-fired hot water heating boiler. The monthly natural gas costs also peak in the winter months in correlation with the increased natural gas usage. 5,000 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Annual Natural Gas Usage (therms) and Cost($) $4,500 $4,000 $3,500 $3,000 $2,500 $2,000 $1,500 $1,000 $500 $0 Date (Month-Year) Natural Gas Usage (therms) Estimated Baseload (therms) Natural Gas Cost Figure 2 Annual natural gas usage, costs and estimated baseline Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 7/55

8 Natural Gas Usage (therms) HDD Natural Gas Usage (therms) vs. Heating Degree Days (HDD) 5,000 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, , Natural Gas Usage (therms) Date (Month-Year) Heating Degree Days (HDD) Figure 3 Natural gas usage and heating degree day curves The chart above shows the monthly natural gas usage along with the heating degree days or HDD. Heating degree days is the difference of the average daily temperature and a base temperature of 65 F, on a particular day. The heating degree days are zero for the days when the average temperature exceeds the base temperature. As expected, the natural gas consumption profile follows a curve similar to the HDD curve. The following graphs, pie charts, and table show energy use for Dwight-Englewood School based on utility bills for the analyzed billing period. Note: electrical cost at $47/MMBtu of energy is over 5 times as expensive as natural gas at $9/MMBtu. Annual Energy Consumption / Costs MMBtu % MMBtu $ % $ $/MMBtu Electric Misc 157 4% $7,359 6% 47 Electric For Cooling % $35,193 31% 47 Electric For Heating % $34,242 30% 47 Lighting % $21,432 19% 47 Cooking (Gas) % $3, % 9 Domestic Hot Water (Gas) 128 3% $1, % 9 Building Space Heating (Gas) 1,271 33% $11, % 9 Totals 3, % $114, % 29 Total Electric Usage 2,095 54% $98,227 86% 47 Total Gas Usage 1,797 46% $16,452 14% 9 Totals 3, % $114, % 29 Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 8/55

9 Annual Energy Consumption (MMBtu) Building Space Heating (Gas) Electric Misc Electric For Cooling Cooking (Gas) Annual Energy Costs ($) Domestic Hot Water (Gas) Lighting Building Electric Space Misc Heating (Gas) Electric For Cooling Domestic Hot Water (Gas) Cooking (Gas) Lighting Electric For Heating Electric For Heating Figure 4 Annual energy consumption and cost breakdown Energy Benchmarking SWA has entered energy information about the Klein Campus Center in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager energy benchmarking system. This school facility is categorized as a K-12 School" space type. The ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager calculated the Energy Performance Rating to be 6. For reference, a score of 69 is required for LEED for Existing Buildings certification, and a score of 75 is required for ENERGY STAR certification. The ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager uses a national survey conducted by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). This national survey, known as the Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), is conducted every four years, and gathers data on building characteristics and energy use from thousands of buildings across the United States. As of 2012, Portfolio Manager continues to use CBECS data from 2003 due to insufficient data from the 2007 survey. The Portfolio Manager software uses this data to create a database by building type. By entering the building parameters and utility data into the software, Portfolio Manager is able to generate a performance scale from by comparing it to similar school buildings. This 100 point scale determines how well the building performs relative to other buildings across the country, regardless of climate and other differentiating factors. The Site Energy Use Intensity (SEUI) is 118 kbtu/ft 2 /yr compared to the national median SEUI of a K-12 School" building consuming 71 kbtu/ft 2 /yr. This is an 11% difference between the building's intensity and the national median. See the recommendations presented in this report for guidance on how to improve the building s rating. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 9/55

10 Site Energy Intensity (kbtu/sq ft.) Site Energy Intensity (kbtu/sq ft.) Date (Month-Year) Electric Energy Intensity Gas Energy Intensity Figure 5 Monthly site energy intensity breakdowns per energy type Per the LGEA program requirements, SWA has assisted the Dwight-Englewood School in creating an ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager account and sharing the school information to allow future data to be added and tracked using the benchmarking tool. SWA has shared this Portfolio Manager account information with the Dwight-Englewood School (user name of DwightEnglewoodSchool with a password of ) and TRC Energy Services (user name of ). Tariff analysis Tariff analysis can help determine if the school is paying the lowest rate possible for electric and gas service. Tariffs are typically assigned to buildings based on size and building type. Rate fluctuations are expected during periods of peak usage. Natural gas prices often increase during winter months since large volumes of natural gas is needed for heating equipment. Similarly, electricity prices often increase during the summer months when additional electricity is needed for cooling equipment. As part of the utility bill analysis, SWA evaluated the current utility rates and tariffs for the Dwight-Englewood School. The electric use for the building is direct-metered and purchased under the Large Power and Lighting-Secondary service rate schedule, which includes demand and societal benefits charges. The Large Power and Lighting rate schedule is a market-rate based on electric usage and electric demand. Demand prices are reflected in the utility bills and can be verified by observing the price fluctuations throughout the year. The school is also paying for natural gas under the General Service Gas rate schedule for the kitchen gas meter. The gas metered in the Pope Science Hall, which is used for heating hot water in the Klein Campus Center, falls under the Large Volume Gas rate schedule, which includes fixed costs such as meter reading charges. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 10/55

11 Electric Price ($/kwh) Electric Demand (kw) Energy Procurement strategies Billing analysis was conducted using an average aggregated rate which is estimated based on the total cost divided by the total energy usage for each utility over a 12 month period. Average aggregated rates do not separate demand charges from usage, and instead provide a metric of inclusive cost per unit of energy. Average aggregated rates are used in order to equitably compare building utility rates to average utility rates throughout the state of New Jersey. The average estimated NJ commercial utility rates for electric are $0.137/kWh, while the Klein Campus Center pays a rate of $0.160/kWh. The building s annual electric utility costs are $14,341 higher, when compared to the average estimated NJ commercial utility rates. Electric bill analysis shows fluctuations up to 29% over the analyzed billing period. Electric rate fluctuations in the winter and spring can be attributed to a combination of demand charges, market rate changes and actual and estimated meter readings. $0.25 $0.20 $0.15 $0.10 $0.05 $0.00 Average Electric Price vs. Monthly Peak Demand(kW) Date (Month-Year) Electric Rate ($/kwh) Average NJ rate ($/kwh) Electric Demand (kw) Figure 6 Average NJ electric rate compared to the average aggregated electric rate and demand The average estimated NJ commercial utility rates for gas are $0.811/therm, while the building pays a rate of $0.916/therm. The building s annual natural gas costs are $1,880 higher, when compared to the average NJ commercial utility rates. The natural gas rate analysis shows fluctuations over the analyzed billing period. Utility rate fluctuations in the spring and summer months may have been caused by a combination of low usage and the assessment of fixed fees and costs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 11/55

12 Natural Gas Price ($/therm) $12.00 Annual Natural Gas Price ($/therm) $10.00 $8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $2.00 $0.00 Natural Gas Rate ($/therm) Date (Month-Year) Average NJ rate ($/therm) Figure 7 Average NJ gas rate versus monthly gas rates the building pays Preceding the expiration of any third-party supplier contract, SWA recommends that the building further explore opportunities of purchasing electricity and natural gas from other third-party suppliers in order to reduce rate fluctuation and ultimately reduce the annual cost of energy for Dwight-Englewood Schools. Appendix E contains a complete list of third-party energy suppliers for the Dwight-Englewood service area. EXISTING FACILITY AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION This section gives an overview of the current state of the facility and systems. Please refer to the Proposed Further Recommendations section for recommendations for improvement. Based on visits from SWA on December10 th -11 th, 2012 and January 2 nd -3 rd, 2013, the following data was collected and analyzed. Building Characteristics The Dwight-Englewood School s Klein Campus Center is a two-story, 32,868 ft 2 high school campus center. The building, built in 2005, currently houses several classrooms, the Hajjar Auditorium, student coop and bookstore, choir room, rehearsal rooms and senior lounge. A partial basement level houses the buildings mechanical equipment and provides an entrance through the west end of the building. The building is primarily used for upper classman and specific to musical and performance arts. A partial basement area houses mechanical equipment and elevator access to a lower campus section. The building is also connected to the Schenck Auditorium. The buildings are connected by a common hallway, located on the north side of the conjoining buildings. The kitchen and cafeteria area marks the division line between the two buildings. A pedestrian bridge connects the Klein Campus Center to Leggett Hall. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 12/55

13 Image 1 West Façade Image 2 South façade Image 3 North façade Image 4 Southwest facade Building Occupancy Profiles Occupancy is approximately 238 students and 25 faculty members from 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM Monday through Friday. Cleaning crews are in the building until 11:00 PM. The building is used 12 months out of the year. Building Envelope On January 3 rd, 2013, SWA performed a building envelope analysis. At this time, the average outside dry bulb temperature was approximately 34 F with an average wind speed of 8 mph. These conditions are considered favorable for infrared imagery. Infrared imagery requires a minimum temperature difference of 18 F, between indoor and outdoor spaces. Infrared images below exhibit specific building envelope deficiencies, such as unwanted heat transfer and air infiltration. Additional building envelope characteristics are detailed below. General Note: All findings and recommendations on the exterior envelope (base, walls, roofs, doors and windows) are based on the energy auditors experience and expertise on detailed visual analysis, as far as accessibility and weather conditions allowed at the time of the field audit. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 13/55

14 Exterior and Interior Walls The exterior wall envelope is constructed of several materials, including exterior insulating finishing system (EIFS), which emulates a stucco finish, split-face constructed masonry units (CMU), and brick veneer. Building insulation was verified to be approximately 1 ½ of rigid board insulation between interior and exterior wall finishes. The north side of the building has a glass curtain wall, stretching across the two main floors. Exterior and interior wall surfaces were inspected during the field audit. They were found to be in good condition with signs of uncontrolled moisture on the split face CMU façade. The discoloration of the split face CMU is generally an aesthetic issue; however, it may indicate moisture trapped in the wall cavity. Trapped moisture contributes to façade deterioration which reduces the CMU lifespan. Roof Image 5 Discoloration on split face CMU indicates moisture in the wall cavity The building s roof consists of a built-up modified bitumen membrane with a light gray granulated cap-sheet and an unknown level of insulation. The roof is bordered by an aluminum rail parapet. Additionally, the chillers and air handling units are surrounded by sound attenuating walls for noise control. The roof is also lined with a lightning protection system to protect the building from lightning strikes. Roofs, related flashing, gutters and downspouts were inspected during the field audit with limited access. They were reported to be in overall fair condition, with some signs of uncontrolled moisture, air-leakage or other energy-compromising issues on any roof areas. Note: Roof insulation levels could not be visually verified in the field and are based on previous audits released to SWA. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 14/55

15 Image 6 The roof section above shows debris collecting on the surface. This can lead to clogged roof drains and roof leaks. Base The building s base is composed of a slab-on-grade floor with a perimeter footing with concrete block foundation walls and no detectable slab edge/perimeter insulation. Slab and perimeter insulation levels could not be verified in the field or on construction plans, and are based upon similar wall types and time of construction. The building s base and its perimeter were inspected for signs of uncontrolled moisture or water presence and other energy-compromising issues. Overall the base was reported to be in fair condition with a few signs of uncontrolled moisture, air-leakage and/ or other energycompromising issues neither visible on the interior nor exterior. Windows The building predominantly contains one type of window; a fixed double glazing curtain wall with an extruded aluminum frame. These windows have a low-e coating on the exterior glazing, have an air gap for added insulation and are found on the north side of the building. Classrooms and other areas of the building have casement type windows, with double glazing and a low-e coating. The building contains a glass curtain wall with 1 insulated glazing and non-insulated aluminum frame. There is Low-E film on exterior glazing. An infrared image below shows the north side curtain wall framing to acting as a thermal bridge. A thermal bridge is a conductor, which allows heat to escape from the windows metal frame. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 15/55

16 Image 7 The yellow-orange color shows the window frames emitting heat, representing heat loss from the building Exterior doors The building contains several types of doors including extruded aluminum frames with insulated double glazing. This type of door is located all the entrances and exits. All exterior doors, thresholds, related flashing, caulking and weather-stripping were inspected for signs of moisture, air-leakage and other energy-compromising issues. Overall, the doors were found to be in fair condition with a few signs of uncontrolled moisture, airleakage and/ or other energy-compromising issues. Similar to the window frames, the existing door frames are not insulated, forming a thermal bridge for heat transfer. The images below show the west entrance/exit emitting heat through the window and door frames. Image 8 The yellow-orange color shows the door frames emitting heat, representing heat loss from the building Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 16/55

17 Building air-tightness Overall the field auditors found the building to be fairly air-tight with several areas of suggested improvements, as described in more detail earlier in this section. The predominant issue is the heat loss through the aluminum window and door frames. The air tightness of buildings helps maximize all other implemented energy measures and investments, and minimizes potentially costly long-term maintenance, repair and replacement expenses. Mechanical Systems Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning The Klein Campus Center is entirely mechanically ventilated, heated and cooled. The building is supplied heating hot water generated from a steam to hot water heat exchanger located in the Pope building. Air cooled chillers provide chilled water to the building s cooling equipment, and is also sent to the Schenck Auditorium. Equipment Heating System The building s heating hot water is generated by boilers located in the Pope Science Hall. The boilers generate steam, which is partly sent to a shell and tube heat exchanger, then is sent to the Klein Campus Center and Schenk Auditorium. Heating hot water is primarily used in heating coils in the buildings air handling units. Supplemental electric unit heaters are used to heat spaces that are not served by any air handling units. Electric unit heaters are located in the ground floor mechanical room and a small mechanical room housing a domestic hot water heater. Cooling System Two 127 Ton air-cooled chillers, located on the rooftop, are used to create chilled water. The chilled water is delivered to coils in all handling units, and is also sent to chilled water coils in the Schenck Auditorium. There are three constant volume chilled water pumps (CHWP) rated at 300 GPM and 100 ft. hd. each. The motors running these pumps have a 15 HP capacity and an efficiency rating of 91%. Supplemental split-dx units are used to cool areas that require additional cooling, which include the server room and kitchen. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 17/55

18 Image 9 Chilled water pipes lack proper insulation near the three-way valve Image 10 Rooftop air handling unit serve the Hajjar Auditorium Ventilation Ventilation is provided by several handling units. One is located in the ground floor mechanical room, two are located on the roof top and another is located in the Lawrence Dining Hall. The air handling units have economizers which enable when the outside air temperature rises above 40 F. The air handling units currently lack any temperature or pressure gauges on the chilled water and heating hot water lines. Controls The building is currently equipped with a building management system or BMS. The BMS controls all air handling units and the chillers, including hours of operation and all set points. Other things controlled by the BMS are night setback, freeze protection and air side economizers. The system can only be accessed by a single computer located within the building and cannot be accessed through the internet. Image 11 BMS screenshots Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 18/55

19 Domestic Hot Water A small electric domestic hot water heater, located in the ground floor mechanical room, provides domestic hot water to bathrooms on the 1 st and 2 nd floors. Electrical systems Lighting See attached lighting schedule in Appendix B for a complete inventory of lighting throughout the building including estimated power consumption and proposed lighting recommendations. Interior lighting Interior lighting consists mainly of ballasted T8 fluorescent lamped fixtures and recessed can lighting with compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). No areas appeared to be vastly over-illuminated. Image 12Typial T8 fixtures Exit signs Emergency lighting in the building consists of energy efficient LED fixtures. These fixtures operate on low wattage and have a long lifespan. Exterior Lighting Exterior lighting on Klein Campus Center consists of recessed CFLS by the west entrance, exterior stairwell lighting and a few pole mounted lights with high pressure sodium lamps. These fixtures are controlled by a time clock. The south side of the building has a few wall mounted CFL fixtures. One of these fixtures was found to be operating Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 19/55

20 Image 13 Exterior CFL fixture Appliances and process SWA conducted a general survey of larger, installed equipment. Appliances and other miscellaneous equipment account for a significant portion of electrical usage within the building. Typically, appliances are referred to as plug-load equipment, since they are not inherent to the building s systems, but rather plug into an electrical outlet. Equipment such as process motors, computers, computer servers, radio and dispatch equipment, refrigerators, vending machines and printers all create an electrical load on the building that is hard to separate from the rest of the building s energy usage based on utility analysis. Devices are available to power down such plug loads, providing energy savings. The Klein Campus Center currently has equipment located in the kitchen that continuously uses electricity, such as the refrigerators, freezers and beverage dispensers. Elevators Image 14 Typical plug load appliances found in the cafeteria and office spaces The building contains one hydraulic Otis elevator located at the west end of the building, providing access between the ground and 2 nd floors. The elevator was installed in 2006 and has no known complications. Other electrical systems There are currently no other significant energy-impacting electrical systems installed at the Dwight-Englewood School. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 20/55

21 RENEWABLE AND DISTRIBUTED ENERGY MEASURES Renewable energy is defined as any power source generated from sources which are naturally replenished, such as sunlight, wind and geothermal. Technology for renewable energy is improving and the cost of installation is decreasing due to both demand and the availability of governmentsponsored funding. Renewable energy reduces the need for using either electricity or fossil fuel, therefore lowering costs by reducing the amount of energy purchased from the utility company. Solar photovoltaic panels and wind turbines use natural resources to generate electricity. Geothermal systems offset the thermal loads in a building by using water stored in the ground as either a heat sink or heat source. Cogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) allows for heat recovery during electricity generation. Existing systems Currently there are no renewable energy systems installed in the building. Evaluated Systems Solar Photovoltaic Photovoltaic panels convert light energy received from the sun into a usable form of electricity. Panels can be connected into arrays and mounted directly onto building roofs, as well as installed onto built canopies over areas such as parking lots, building roofs or other open areas. Electricity generated from photovoltaic panels is generally sold back to the utility company through a net meter. Net-metering allows the utility to record the amount of electricity generated in order to pay credits to the consumer that can offset usage and demand costs on the electric bill. In addition to generation credits, there are incentives available called Solar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECs) that are subsidized by the state government. Specifically, the New Jersey State government pays a market-rate SREC to facilities that generate electricity in an effort to meet state-wide renewable energy requirements. The Klein Campus Center appears to be a good candidate for a 35 kw solar photovoltaic (PV) system. A structural analysis would be required to determine if the roof above the auditorium can hold a PV system. See the Capital Improvement section for more information. Solar Thermal Collectors Solar thermal collectors are not cost-effective for this building and would not be recommended due to the insufficient and intermittent use of domestic hot water throughout the building to justify the expenditure. Wind The building is not a good candidate for wind power generation due to insufficient wind conditions in this area of New Jersey. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 21/55

22 Geothermal The building is not a good candidate for geothermal installation since it would require replacement of the entire existing HVAC system, as well as extensive installation of geothermal wells and pumping equipment. Combined Heat and Power The building is not a good candidate for CHP installation and would not be cost-effective due to the size and operations of the building. Typically, CHP is best suited for buildings with a constant electrical baseload to accommodate the electricity generated, as well as a means for using waste heat generated. Additionally, the seasonal occupancy schedule of the School is not well suited for a CHP installation. PROPOSED ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) are recommendations determined for the building based on improvements over current building conditions. ECMs have been determined for the building based on installed cost, as well as energy and cost-savings opportunities. Recommendations: Energy Conservation Measures # Energy Conservation Measures ECM 1 ECM 2 ECM 3 ECM 4 ECM 5 ECM 6 Upgrade 34 Incandescent fixtures with Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) Retrofit 1 refrigerated vending machine with a VendingMiser Device Retrofit 1 snack vending machine with a SnackMiser Device Install 1 Daylight Sensors Retrofit 9 High Pressure Sodium fixtures with LEDs Install 17 occupancy sensors In order to clearly present the overall energy opportunities for the building and ease the decision of which ECM to implement, SWA calculated each ECM independently and did not incorporate slight/potential overlaps between some of the listed ECMs (i.e. lighting change influence on heating/cooling. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 22/55

23 net est. ECM cost with incentives, $ kwh, 1st yr savings kw, demand reduction/mo therms, 1st yr savings kbtu/sq ft, 1st yr savings est. operating cost, 1st yr savings, $ total 1st yr savings, $ life of measure, yrs est. lifetime cost savings, $ simple payback, yrs lifetime return on investment, % annual return on investment, % internal rate of return, % net present value, $ CO2 reduced, lbs/yr ECM #1: Upgrade 34 Incandescent fixtures with Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) The building is equipped with fixtures containing inefficient incandescent lamps. SWA recommends that each incandescent lamp be replaced with a more efficient Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL). CFLs are capable of providing equivalent or better light output while using less power when compared to incandescent, halogen and Metal Halide fixtures. CFL bulbs produce the same lumen output with less wattage than incandescent bulbs and last up to five times longer. The labor for the recommended installations is evaluated using prevailing electrical contractor wages. The building owner may decide to perform this work with in-house resources from the Maintenance Department on a scheduled, longer timeline than otherwise performed by a contractor. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $282 (includes $136 of labor) Source of cost estimate: RS Means; Published and established costs, NJ Clean Energy Program Economics: $282 3, $2 $622 5 $3, ,003% 201% 220% $2,471 6,935 Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken on the day of the field visit and using the billing analysis. SWA also assumed 2 hours/day to replace aging burnt out lamps. Rebates/financial incentives: There currently are no incentives for this measure at this time. Please see APPENDIX H for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 23/55

24 net est. ECM cost with incentives, $ kwh, 1st yr savings kw, demand reduction/mo therms, 1st yr savings kbtu/sq ft, 1st yr savings est. operating cost, 1st yr savings, $ total 1st yr savings, $ life of measure, yrs est. lifetime cost savings, $ simple payback, yrs lifetime return on investment, % annual return on investment, % internal rate of return, % net present value, $ CO2 reduced, lbs/yr ECM #2: Retrofit 1 refrigerated vending machine with a VendingMiser Device The school currently has one beverage vending machines which are located in the cafeteria. VendingMiser devices are available for conserving energy used by beverage vending machines and coolers. Purchasing new machines is not necessary to reduce operating costs and greenhouse gas emissions. When equipped with the VendingMiser devices, refrigerated beverage vending machines use less energy and are comparable in daily energy performance to new ENERGY STAR qualified machines. VendingMiser devices incorporate innovative energy-saving technology into small plug-and-play devices that installs in minutes, either on the wall or on the vending machine. Vending miser devices use a Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) to: Power down the machine when the surrounding area is vacant; Monitor the room's temperature; Automatically repower the cooling system at one- to three-hour intervals, independent of sales; ensure the product stays cold. The school should request permission to install the devices if the machines are leased. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $199 (includes $20 of labor) Source of cost estimate: and established costs Economics: $199 1, $0 $ $3, ,706% 142% 150% $2,661 3,352 Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken on the day of the field visit and using the billing analysis. SWA determined energy savings based on modeling calculator found at or See APPENDIX C for savings calculations. Rebates/financial incentives: This project does not qualify for a rebate or other financial incentive at this time. Please see APPENDIX H for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 24/55

25 net est. ECM cost with incentives, $ kwh, 1st yr savings kw, demand reduction/mo therms, 1st yr savings kbtu/sq ft, 1st yr savings est. operating cost, 1st yr savings, $ total 1st yr savings, $ life of measure, yrs est. lifetime cost savings, $ simple payback, yrs lifetime return on investment, % annual return on investment, % internal rate of return, % net present value, $ CO2 reduced, lbs/yr ECM #3: Retrofit 1 snack vending machine with a SnackMiser Device SnackMiser devices are now available for conserving energy used by vending machines. Purchasing newer equipment is not necessary to reduce operating costs and greenhouse gas emissions. When equipped with the snack miser devices, vending machines use less energy and are comparable in daily energy performance to new ENERGY STAR qualified machines. SnackMiser devices can be used on snack vending machines to achieve maximum energy savings that result in reduced operating costs and decreased greenhouse gas emissions with existing machines. Snack vending miser devices also use a Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) to determine if there is anyone within 25 feet of the machine. It waits for 15 minutes of vacancy, then powers down the machine. If a customer approaches the machine while powered down, the snacks vending miser will sense the presence and immediately power up. The school should request permission to install the devices if the machines are leased. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $180 (includes $20 of labor) Source of cost estimate: and established costs Economics: $ $0 $72 12 $ % 32% 39% $ Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken on the day of the field visit and using the billing analysis. SWA assumes energy savings based on modeling calculator found at or See APPENDIX D for savings calculations. Rebates/financial incentives: There are currently no incentives for this measure at this time. Please see APPENDIX H for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 25/55

26 net est. ECM cost with incentives, $ kwh, 1st yr savings kw, demand reduction/mo therms, 1st yr savings kbtu/sq ft, 1st yr savings est. operating cost, 1st yr savings, $ total 1st yr savings, $ life of measure, yrs est. lifetime cost savings, $ simple payback, yrs lifetime return on investment, % annual return on investment, % internal rate of return, % net present value, $ CO2 reduced, lbs/yr ECM #4: Install 1 Daylight Sensors At the time of the visit SWA found one areas that could benefit from the installation of daylight dimming controls; the north side corridor with glass curtain walls. Daylight sensors are a type of lighting control that automatically maintain a specified light level based on the amount of daylight coming into the building. As daylight increases, the light fixtures are dimmed thus reducing electric consumption. The use of daylight controls help maintain a minimum required light level, without over lighting a space or area. SWA recommends installing daylight sensors in areas that use light fixtures and building openings (i.e. windows) to illuminate the space. Such spaces include vestibules and perimeter offices. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $195 (includes $60 of labor) Source of cost estimate: RS Means, Published and established costs, NJ Clean Energy Program Economics: $ $0 $49 15 $ % 18% 24% $ Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken the days of the field visits and using the billing analysis. Existing light fixtures are assumed to have dimming capabilities. Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy Smart Start - $25 per fixture Maximum incentive amount is $25. Please see APPENDIX H for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 26/55

27 net est. ECM cost with incentives, $ kwh, 1st yr savings kw, demand reduction/mo therms, 1st yr savings kbtu/sq ft, 1st yr savings est. operating cost, 1st yr savings, $ total 1st yr savings, $ life of measure, yrs est. lifetime cost savings, $ simple payback, yrs lifetime return on investment, % annual return on investment, % internal rate of return, % net present value, $ CO2 reduced, lbs/yr ECM #5: Retrofit 9 High Pressure Sodium fixtures with LEDs The building currently powers several exterior pole mounted light fixtures. These fixtures are currently equipped with high pressure sodium lamped luminaires. Although, high pressure sodium lamps have long life spans, they consume a lot of electricity. SWA recommends that the pole lighting be retrofitted with light emitting diodes (LEDs). The retrofit would minimize costs by maintaining the existing box and pole, but would replace the internals of the box with an LED lamp and the required driver. The LED fixtures last approximately three times longer than the HPS but are more expensive to replace. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $10,607 Source of cost estimate: RS Means, Published and established costs Economics: $10,607 3, $1,827 $2, $35, % 15% 21% $16,483 5,823 Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken on the day of the field visit and using the billing analysis. Rebates/financial incentives: There are currently no incentives for this measure at this time. Please see APPENDIX H for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 27/55

28 net est. ECM cost with incentives, $ kwh, 1st yr savings kw, demand reduction/mo therms, 1st yr savings kbtu/sq ft, 1st yr savings est. operating cost, 1st yr savings, $ total 1st yr savings, $ life of measure, yrs est. lifetime cost savings, $ simple payback, yrs lifetime return on investment, % annual return on investment, % internal rate of return, % net present value, $ CO2 reduced, lbs/yr ECM #6: Install 17 occupancy sensors During the field audit, SWA completed a building lighting inventory (see Appendix B). SWA observed that the existing lighting has minimal to no control via occupancy sensors. SWA identified a number of areas that could benefit from the installation of occupancy sensors. SWA recommends installing occupancy sensors in areas that are occupied only part of the day and the payback on savings is justified. Typically, occupancy sensors have an adjustable time delay that shuts down the lights automatically if no motion is detected within a set time period. Advance ultra-sonic lighting sensors include sound detection as a means to control lighting operation. The labor for the recommended installations is evaluated using prevailing electrical contractor wages. The building owner may decide to perform this work with in-house resources from the Maintenance Department on a scheduled, longer timeline than otherwise performed by a contractor. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $3,400 (includes $1,020 of labor) Source of cost estimate: RS Means Economics: $3,400 3, $0 $ $8, % 10% 15% $3,319 6,491 Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken on the day of the field visit and using the billing analysis. Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy SmartStart Wall-mounted occupancy sensors ($20 per occupancy sensor) Maximum incentive amount is $340 Please see APPENDIX H for more information on Incentive Programs. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 28/55

29 Proposed Further Recommendations Capital Improvements Capital Improvements are recommendations for the building that may not be cost-effective at the current time, but that could yield a significant long-term payback. Capital improvements may also constitute equipment that is currently being operated beyond its useful lifetime. These recommendations should typically be considered as part of a long-term capital improvement plan. Capital improvements should be considered if additional funds are made available, or if the installed costs can be shared with other improvements, such as major building renovations. Install high efficiency boilers Heating hot water for the building is currently generated by boilers located in the Pope Science Hall. SWA recommends installing high efficiency boilers with direct ventilation, so that the building can function independently from the building that generates the heating hot water. Doing so would minimize heat losses through transporting the hot water through the Schenck Auditorium and from the Pope Science Hall. SWA estimates a project cost of $50,000. Upgrade BMS front end HVAC equipment is controlled by a BMS, however, the current system is outdated and can only be accessed through a hard wired computer within the school. SWA recommends upgrading the BMS to one that has an advanced yet simple interface, and can be accessed through the internet. SWA estimates a BMS front end upgrade to cost $7,031. However, additional costs may be required for staff training and the addition of sensors and/or points. Further study is recommended in order to estimate approximate number of control points and the level of control desired by the maintenance staff. The study is recommended to properly assess the potential cost of installation and energy savings. Testing and balancing The building currently does not test and balance the air and water side equipment. Over time system and/or building use changes affecting how heating, cooling and ventilation is distributed throughout the spaces they serve. SWA recommends conducting testing and balancing to assure zones are getting the required heating, cooling and ventilation. Replace the existing windows and doors Despite having double glazed doors and windows along the north, south and west exposures, they are all framed with non-insulated metal frames. This was seen from the infrared images in the building description section, showing heat loss through the frames. This heat loss increases the building s heating loads, increasing natural gas consumption. Based on estimated window sizes, heating degree days and an overall U-factor of 0.50 (Btu/h ft 2 F), SWA estimates 103,472 kbtu of heat lost through the doors and windows. A complete window and door upgrade can cost approximately $73,143. Further analysis is required to determine project feasibility and potential savings. Consider installing a photovoltaic system Currently, the building does not use any renewable energy systems. Renewable energy systems such as photovoltaic (PV) panels can offset a portion of the purchased electricity for the building. Power stations generally have two separate electric charges, usage and demand. Usage is the amount of electricity in kilowatt-hours that a building uses from month to month. Demand is the amount of electrical power that a building uses at any given instance in a month period. During the summer periods, electric demand at a power station is high, due to the amount of air conditioners, lights and other equipment being used within the region. Demand charges increase to offset the utility s cost to provide enough electricity at the given time. Photovoltaic systems offset the amount of electricity used by a Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 29/55

30 building and help to reduce the building s electric demand, resulting in a higher cost savings. Installing a PV system will offset electric demand and reduce annual electric consumption, while utilizing available state incentives. The size of the system was determined considering the available roof surface, without compromising service space for roof equipment and safety. A PV system could be installed on a portion of the roof with panels facing south. A commercial multi-crystalline 230 panel has 17.5 square feet of surface area, providing approximately 13.1 watts per square foot. SWA estimates a 30 kw system can be installed above the auditorium s roof with an estimated project cost of $245,000. The school can take advantage of the Solar Renewable Energy Certificates (SRECs) Registration Program, to increase the annual savings. In the program, an SREC is earned for every 1,000 kwh generated by the PV system. The SRECs can then be traded in a market, providing the school with a new revenue stream which reduces the payback period. The system is estimated to saved the building 41,300 kwh annually; however, due to low SREC prices, the project can take approximately 16 years to payback. Further investigation would be required to accurately estimate project costs and economic factors that would be used for an implementation decision. Operations and Maintenance Operations and Maintenance measures consist of low/no cost measures that are within the capability of the current building staff to handle. These measures typically require little investment, and they yield a short payback period. These measures may address equipment settings or staff operations that, when addressed will reduce energy consumption or costs. Install water-efficient fixtures and controls Building staff can also easily install faucet aerators and/or low-flow fixtures to reduce water consumption. There are many retrofit options, which can be installed now or incorporated as equipment is replaced. Routine maintenance practices that identify and quickly address water leaks are a low-cost way to save water and energy. Retrofitting with more efficient water-consumption fixtures/appliances will reduce energy consumption for water heating, while also decreasing water/sewer bills. This measure can be conducted by in-house maintenance staff with little investment, and yield a short payback. Inspect and replace cracked/ineffective caulk. This measure can be conducted by in-house maintenance staff with little investment, and yield a short payback. Inspect and maintain sealants at all windows for airtight performance. This measure can be conducted by in-house maintenance staff with little investment, and yield a short payback. Inspect and maintain weather-stripping around all exterior doors and roof hatches. This measure can be conducted by in-house maintenance staff with little investment, and yield a short payback. SWA recommends that the building considers purchasing the most energy-efficient equipment, including ENERGY STAR labeled appliances, when equipment is installed or replaced. ENERGY STAR appliances meet stricter standards compared to standard appliances. Stricter standards include exceeding Federal minimum efficiencies and reduced environmental impact. More information can be found in the Products section of the ENERGY STAR website at: Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 30/55

31 Consider the use of smart power electric strips - in conjunction with occupancy sensors to power down computer equipment when left unattended for extended periods of time. Create an energy educational program - that teaches students and professionals how to minimize energy use. An educational program may be incorporated into school curricula to increase students environmental awareness. The U.S. Department of Energy offers free information for hosting energy efficiency educational programs and plans. For more information please visit: Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 31/55

32 APPENDIX A: EQUIPMENT LIST Building System Description Model # Fuel Location Space Served Year Installed Heating/ Cooling Heating/ Cooling Cooling Cooling Heating Heating Cooling AHU-3 - Packaged unit; 6 Tons cooling Carrier: m/n capacity, Chilled 39MN14B SX water coil, Hot S, s/n S1305F11435 Water Coil AHU-1 - Packaged unit; 6 Tons cooling Carrier: m/n capacity, Chilled 39MW30B00583J12XX water coil, Hot S, s/n 1905F14353 Water Coil Chiller-2, Air-cooled chiller, 2 compressors, R- 134a refrigerant, (6) 2.3 HP fans Chiller-1, Air-cooled chiller, 2 compressors, R- 134a refrigerant, (6) 2.3 HP fans Unit Heater, 5.0 kw, 240 volts, 1 phase Unit Heater, 5.0 kw, 240 volts, 1 phase Split DX Condensing Unit, 18,000 BTU/H, R410a refrigerant Carrier: m/n 30GXR135- T-561ZV: s/n 1305F11167 Carrier: m/n 30GXR135- T-561ZV: s/n 1305F11171 Carrier: m/n H1HUH06003 Carrier: m/n H1HUH06004 Samsung: m/n AQV18NSDX Electric Electric & Natural Gas Lower Level Mechanical Room Lower Level Mechanical Room Estimated Remaining Useful Life % Klein % Klein % Electric Rooftop Klein % Electric Rooftop Klein % Electric Electric Lower Level Mechanical Room Lower Level Mechanical Room All-purpose room % All-purpose room % Electric Rooftop Server Room % Cooling CHWP-1, Chilled water pump motor, 15 HP, 3 Phase, 1760 RPM, NEMA Nom. Eff. 91.0% Armstrong: Type ASGANE, Cat. No. ASGANE /4, s/n KP64A Electric Lower Level Mechanical Room Whole Building % Cooling CHWP-2, Chilled water pump motor, 15 HP, 3 Phase, 1760 RPM, NEMA Nom. Eff. 91.0% Armstrong: Type ASGANE, Cat. No. ASGANE /4, s/n LP64B Electric Lower Level Mechanical Room Whole Building % Cooling CHWP-3, Chilled water pump motor, 15 HP, 3 Phase, 1760 RPM, NEMA Nom. Eff. 91.0% Armstrong: Type ASGANE, Cat. No. ASGANE /4, s/n KP64A Electric Lower Level Mechanical Room Whole Building % Cooling Heating Domestic Hot Water Heating/ Cooling Split DX Condensing Unit Unit heater, 3.3 kw, Water Heater, 2000w, 10 gallon capacity Packaged AHU w/ VFD N/A Electric Kitchen Kitchen % TPI: m/n F2F5103N Electric Elevator Room Elevator Room % Rheem Ruud: m/n EGSP10, s/n RR Carrier: m/n 39LD08MBDAQ-AGJ- A9 Electric Electric Lower Level Mechanical Room Mechanical Room 113 Bathrooms % Cafeteria % Note: The remaining useful life of a system (in %) is an estimate based on the system date of built and existing conditions derived from visual inspection. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 32/55

33 Appendix B: Lighting Study Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Page 33/55

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35 Lamp Type Controls CFL Compact Fluorescent T Autom. Timer Inc Incadescent BL Bi-Level LED Light Emitting Diode Ct Contact MH Metal Halide M Daylight & Motion MV Mercury Vapor DLSw Daylight & Switch PSMH Pulse Start Metal Halide DL Daylight Sensor HPS High Pressure Sodium DSw Delay Switch LPS Low Pressure Sodium D Dimmer Fl Fluorescent MS Motion Sensor 4'T8 4 Feet long T8 Linear Lamp MSw Motion& Switch 4'T8 U-shaped 4 Feet long T8 U-shaped Lamp N None 4'T5 4 Feet long T5 Linear Lamp OS Occupancy Sensor Ballast Type LEGEND OSCM Occupancy Sensor Ceiling Mounted E Electronic PC Photocell M Magnetic Sw Switch S Self Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 35/55

36 APPENDIX C: EnergyMisers Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Page 36/55

37 APPENDIX D: UPCOMING EQUIPMENT PHASEOUTS LIGHTING: As of July 1, 2010 magnetic ballasts most commonly used for the operation of T12 lamps are no longer being produced for commercial and industrial applications. As of January 1, watt incandescent bulbs have been phased out in accordance with the Energy Independence and Security Act of As of July 2012 many non energy saver model T12 lamps have been phased out of production. As of January 1, watt incandescent bulbs have been phased out in accordance with the Energy Independence and Security Act of As of January 1, and 40 watt incandescent bulbs will be phased out in accordance with the Energy Independence and Security Act of Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 incandescent lamp phase-out exclusions: 1. Appliance lamp (e.g. refrigerator or oven light) 2. Black light lamp 3. Bug lamp 4. Colored lamp 5. Infrared lamp 6. Left-hand thread lamp 7. Marine lamp 8. Marine signal service lamp 9. Mine service lamp 10. Plant light lamp 11. Reflector lamp 12. Rough service lamp 13. Shatter-resistant lamp (including a shatter-proof lamp and a shatter-protected lamp) 14. Sign service lamp 15. Silver bowl lamp 16. Showcase lamp way incandescent lamp 18. Traffic signal lamp 19. Vibration service lamp 20. Globe shaped G lamp (as defined in ANSI C and C with a diameter of 5 inches or more 21. T shape lamp (as defined in ANSI C and C ) and that uses not more than 40 watts or has a length of more than 10 inches 22. A B, BA, CA, F, G16-1/2, G-25, G30, S, or M-14 lamp (as defined in ANSI C and ANSI C ) of 40 watts or less 23. Candelabra incandescent and other lights not having a medium Edison screw base. When installing compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), be advised that they contain a very small amount of mercury sealed within the glass tubing and EPA guidelines concerning Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 37/55

38 cleanup and safe disposal of compact fluorescent light bulbs should be followed. Additionally, all lamps to be disposed should be recycled in accordance with EPA guidelines through state or local government collection or exchange programs instead. HCFC (Hydro chlorofluorocarbons): As of January 1, 2010, no production and no importing of R-142b and R-22, except for use in equipment manufactured before January 1, 2010, in accordance with adherence to the Montreal Protocol. As of January 1, 2015, No production and no importing of any HCFCs, except for use as refrigerants in equipment manufactured before January 1, As of January 1, 2020 No production and no importing of R-142b and R-22. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 38/55

39 APPENDIX E: THIRD PARTY ENERGY SUPPLIERS Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 39/55

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46 APPENDIX F: GLOSSARY AND METHOD OF CALCULATIONS Net ECM Cost: The net ECM cost is the cost experienced by the customer, which is typically the total cost (materials + labor) of installing the measure minus any available incentives. Both the total cost and the incentive amounts are expressed in the summary for each ECM. Annual Energy Cost Savings (AECS): This value is determined by the audit firm based on the calculated energy savings (kwh or Therm) of each ECM and the calculated energy costs of the building. Lifetime Energy Cost Savings (LECS): This measure estimates the energy cost savings over the lifetime of the ECM. It can be a simple estimation based on fixed energy costs. If desired, this value can factor in an annual increase in energy costs as long as the source is provided. Simple Payback: This is a simple measure that displays how long the ECM will take to breakeven based on the annual energy and maintenance savings of the measure. ECM Lifetime: This is included with each ECM so that the owner can see how long the ECM will be in place and whether or not it will exceed the simple payback period. Additional guidance for calculating ECM lifetimes can be found below. This value can come from manufacturer s rated lifetime or warranty, the ASHRAE rated lifetime, or any other valid source. Operating Cost Savings (OCS): This calculation is an annual operating savings for the ECM. It is the difference in the operating, maintenance, and / or equipment replacement costs of the existing case versus the ECM. In the case where an ECM lifetime will be longer than the existing measures (such as LED lighting versus fluorescent) the operating savings will factor in the cost of replacing the units to match the lifetime of the ECM. In this case or in one where one-time repairs are made, the total replacement / repair sum is averaged over the lifetime of the ECM. Return on Investment (ROI): The ROI is expresses the percentage return of the investment based on the lifetime cost savings of the ECM. This value can be included as an annual or lifetime value, or both. Net Present Value (NPV): The NPV calculates the present value of an investment s future cash flows based on the time value of money, which is accounted for by a discount rate (assumes bond rate of 3.2%). Internal Rate of Return (IRR): The IRR expresses an annual rate that results in a break-even point for the investment. If the owner is currently experiencing a lower return on their capital than the IRR, the project is financially advantageous. This measure also allows the owner to compare ECMs against each other to determine the most appealing choices. Gas Rate and Electric Rate ($/therm and $/kwh): The gas rate and electric rate used in the financial analysis is the total annual energy cost divided by the total annual energy usage for the 12 month billing period studied. The graphs of the monthly gas and electric rates reflect the total monthly energy costs divided by the monthly usage, and display how the average rate fluctuates throughout the year. The average annual rate is the only rate used in energy savings calculations. Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 46/55

47 Calculation References Term ECM AOCS AECS LOCS* LECS LCS NPV IRR DR Net ECM Cost LECS AOCS LCS Simple Payback Lifetime ROI Annual ROI Definition Energy Conservation Measure Annual Operating Cost Savings Annual Energy Cost Savings Lifetime Operating Cost Savings Lifetime Energy Cost Savings Lifetime Cost Savings Net Present Value Internal Rate of Return Discount Rate Total ECM Cost Incentive AECS X ECM Lifetime LOCS / ECM Lifetime LOCS+LECS Net ECM Cost / (AECS + AOCS) (LECS + LOCS Net ECM Cost) / Net ECM Cost (Lifetime ROI / Lifetime) = [(AECS + OCS) / Net ECM Cost (1 / Lifetime)] * The lifetime operating cost savings are all avoided operating, maintenance, and/or component replacement costs over the lifetime of the ECM. This can be the sum of any annual operating savings, recurring or bulk (i.e. one-time repairs) maintenance savings, or the savings that comes from avoiding equipment replacement needed for the existing measure to meet the lifetime of the ECM (e.g. lighting change outs). Excel NPV and IRR Calculation In Excel, function =IRR (values) and =NPV (rate, values) are used to quickly calculate the IRR and NPV of a series of annual cash flows. The investment cost will typically be a negative cash flow at year 0 (total cost - incentive) with years 1 through the lifetime receiving a positive cash flow from the annual energy cost savings and annual maintenance savings. The calculations in the example below are for an ECM that saves $850 annually in energy and maintenance costs (over a 10 year lifetime) and takes $5,000 to purchase and install after incentives: Steven Winter Associates, Inc. - LGEA Report Dwight-Englewood School Klein Campus Center Page 47/55