ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS FOR RECYCLING. Jean Pierre Hannequart ( IBGE / ACR+)
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1 ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS FOR RECYCLING Jean Pierre Hannequart ( IBGE / ACR+)
2 Association of Cities and Regions for Recycling 96 members 22 countries 1100 local and regional authorities
3 STATEMENT 1 TO DEVELOP THE EUROPEAN RECYCLING SOCIETY WE NEED EU HARMONIZATION OF SOME ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS (eco-taxes on raw materials and non-recyclables products; taxes on waste incineration and landfill )
4 STATEMENT 2 EU MUST STOP THE GREEN CERTIFICATES based on CO2 emissions reduction FOR WASTE INCINERATION and CONSIDER GREEN CERTIFICATES FOR RECYCLED PRODUCTS
5 PLAN 1. WHICH KIND OF ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE FOR RECYCLING? 2. WHICH ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR RECYCLING ARE USED BY MEMBER STATES? 3. WHAT TO DO NOW AT EU LEVEL?
6 1. WHICH KIND OF ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE FOR RECYCLING? Eco-taxes EPR fees Green certificates Products Deposit refunds Raw material taxes Tax rebates Raw materials Recycled products Life cycle Waste Selective collection Waste collection taxes (PAYT) Incineration taxes Secondary raw materials Disposal taxes Tax rebates
7 2. WHICH ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR RECYCLING ARE USED BY MEMBER STATES? RE.gif RAW MATERIAL TAXES cfr the UK Aggregate Levy ECOTAXES cfr the Danish and Dutch taxes on packaging based on environmental impacts TAX REBATES cfr the French VAT reduction on recycling activities
8 2. WHICH ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR RECYCLING ARE USED BY MEMBER STATES? RE.gif MANDATORY DEPOSITS cfr - Scandinavian systems - the German deposit ( ) on all one way containers for beer, water and soft drinks ( except ecologically advantageous packaging)
9 2. WHICH ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR RECYCLING ARE USED BY MEMBER STATES? RE.gif EPR FEES Cfr Packaging Batteries & accumulators End-of-Life vehicles Electric & electronic equipment EU Directives Some Member States Packaging Batteries & accumulators End-of-life vehicles Electric & electronic equipment Paper Pharmaceuticals Textiles Tyres Waste oils Paints Building materials Pesticides Carpets
10 PAYT 2. WHICH ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR RECYCLING ARE USED BY MEMBER STATES? Billing Parameters Volume Frequency Weight Container dependent systems Bags : Stickers or pay-bags Individual bins : size or weight Splitting of tariffs Stable income Prevention adverse effects
11 2. WHICH ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR RECYCLING ARE USED BY MEMBER STATES? PAYT Cfr BJUV -SWEDEN :WEIGHT-BASE FEE (kg/household/year) Waste Collected 302kg 245 Residual Waste Recycled Waste Source : EUNOMIA /REICHENBACH cfr. Dresden- Germany :BEFORE AND AFTER «PAYT» Total 318kg 281 Residual Recyclables Cfr. FLANDERS +/-0.60 EUR per grey waste bags ( ) Separate waste +82 to +155 kg/inh/y Residual waste -22 to -140 kg/inh/y
12 2. WHICH ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR RECYCLINGARE USED BY MEMBER STATES? Landfill Taxes (or Bans) + Incineration Country Landfill Tax ( /t) Incineration Tax ( /t) Landfill Ban Austria (87)/ Finland Germany 2001 Ireland 30 Italy 26 Belgium- Flanders Belgium- Wallonia In consideration 60 7 Banned Materials / Wastes Biodegradability and other criteria Biodegradable and compostable waste Biodegradability and other criteria 2009 Waste that is not pre-treated 2003/ / Various Biodegradability and other criteria Unsorted wastes, sorted and non-sorted wastes for recovery, combustible residual fraction from sorting, combustible wastes Source:EUNOMIA
13 2. WHICH ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR RECYCLINGARE USED BY MEMBER TATES? Landfill Taxes (or Bans) + Incineration Country Landfill Tax Incineration Tax Landfill Ban Denmark Combustible waste France Ultimate Waste Flows The Netherlands Various, incl household waste Norway 40 Pollutant based From mid-2009 Biodegradable waste Sweden 43 Varies with 2002 Combustible waste energy 2006 Organic waste generation Czech Republic : Paper, 2004: BMW Estonia Unsorted waste Slovakia 7.9 Slovenia 2001 Spain - Catalonia United Kingdom None Source:EUNOMIA Under consideration by devolved administrations
14 3. WHAT TO DO NOW AT EU LEVEL? 1. TO CLARIFY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS AND RECYCLING PERFORMANCES 2. TO HARMONIZE THE USE OF ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS 3. TO STOP THE ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS ACTING AGAINST THE WASTE HIERARCHY 4. TO PROMOTE THE USE OF SOME ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS (ESPECIALLY IN LESS PERFORMING COUNTRIES)
15 3. WHAT TO DO NOW AT EU LEVEL? > 1. TO CLARIFY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS AND RECYCLING PERFORMANCES Cfr Flanders-2008: HIGH RECYCLING RATE OF HOUSEHOLDS WASTE AND A COMBINATION OF ECONOMICS INSTRUMENTS - EUR 30 paid through EPR - EUR 195 paid to Public Authorities ( 1/3 related to the amount 1/3 fixed tax 1/3 related to household income)
16 3. WHAT TO DO NOW AT EU LEVEL? > 1. TO CLARIFY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS AND RECYCLING PERFORMANCES Cfr EPR IN France PRODUCTS RECYCLING PERFORMANCES Pneus 28% Papiers 54% Textiles 11% Embal. phyto 10% Films agricoles 21% Embal. Fertilisants 35% EEE professionnels 7% EEE ménagers 20% Automobiles 48% Lubrifiants 43% Emballages ménagers 63% Fluides frigorigènes 11%
17 3. WHAT TO DO NOW AT EU LEVEL? > 1. TO CLARIFY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS AND RECYCLING PERFORMANCES Cfr Evaluation of PAYT schemes in NEDERLAND (by SENTERNOVEM) glass paper organic waste residual waste 0 No variable charching Volume Volume and frequency Weight Expensive bag
18 3. WHAT TO DO NOW AT EU LEVEL? > 2. TO HARMONIZE THE USE OF ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS - The development of economic instruments at member states level creates distortions of competition - The EU level is appropriate for some economic instruments for recycling (raw materials taxes, eco-taxes, ) - There is a need of more harmonization on deposits, EPR schemes and disposal taxes - There is a need of EU support for the exchange of information and experience (especially between local authorities) on «PAYT»
19 3. WHAT TO DO NOW AT EU LEVEL? > 3. TO STOP THE ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS ACTING AGAINST THE WASTE HIERARCHY Cfr GREEN CERTIFICATES For waste incineration IN BELGIUM WITH GREEN CERTIFICATES : more interesting to recover energy from wood waste than to recycle wood (gate fees for recycling > 30 to 70 /ton)
20 3. WHAT TO DO NOW AT EU LEVEL? > 3. TO STOP THE ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS ACTING AGAINST THE WASTE HIERARCHY
21 3. WHAT TO DO NOW AT EU LEVEL? > 4. TO PROMOTE THE USE OF SOME ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS (ESPECIALLY IN LESS PERFORMING COUNTRIES) Cfr EURO BAROMETER March 2011: ATTITUDES OF EUROPEAN CITIZENS : - How do you prefer to pay for waste management? - to pay taxes : 14% - to pay proportionally (PAYT) : 75% - don t know : 11% - Do you prefer the integration of the waste costs into the price of the products? - to pay taxes : 25% - to integrate into the price : 59% - don t know : 16% We need a follow-up to the Thematic Strategy on Recycling including a global approach of economic instruments for recycling!
22 Gulledelle Brussels
23 STATEMENT 1 TO DEVELOP THE EUROPEAN RECYCLING SOCIETY WE NEED EU HARMONIZATION OF SOME ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS (eco-taxes on raw materials and non-recyclables products; taxes on waste incineration and landfill )
24 STATEMENT 2 EU MUST STOP THE GREEN CERTIFICATES based on CO2 emissions reduction FOR WASTE INCINERATION and CONSIDER GREEN CERTIFICATES FOR RECYCLED PRODUCTS
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