REPUBLIC OF HAITI INITIAL NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE LESSONS LEARNED

Transcription

1 REPUBLIC OF HAITI INITIAL NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE LESSONS LEARNED

2 OUTLINE Brief presentation of Haiti Biogeography Haiti and Climate Change Convention Main Outcomes of the Initial National Communication GES inventory Vulnerability & Adaptation Mitigation Problems encountered and how they were solved Positive aspects

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4 BIOGEOGRAPHY OF HAITI Region : Caribbean Area : km 2 Population : 8, inhabitants Density : 270 inhabitants/km 2 Relief :mountain at 70% Climate : Tropical Rain fall :400mm ( low elevation) 2000mm ( high elevation) Land use : : Agriculture 43 % Forest 2 to 3 %

5 HAITI AND CLIMATE CHANGE CONVENTION 1992: Signature Climate Convention 1996: Ratification by Haitian Congress July 1998 : Official launching of Climate Change Enabling activities by the Ministry of Environment and Establishment of National Climate Change Committee (NCCC)

6 1999 : Endorsement of National Environmental Action Plan ( NEAP) by the Government and Climate Change is considered as a PRIORITY. December 2001 : Official Endorsement Initial National Communication by Haitian Prime Minister, submission to UNFCCC Secretariat and to GEF/UNEP 10 June 2002 : Presentation main outcomes of Haiti s Initial National Communication at UNFCCC side event ( SBSTA & SBI session)

7 GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY (1994) METHODOLOGY (IPCC, 1995) Greenhouse Gas CO2 CH4 N2O NOX CO COVNM CO2 (Biomasse) SO2 (tons) Gg 1111,21 126,24 7,41 7,74 349,04 48,02 3,480,72 9,448,34 tons

8 GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY (1994) 7,65 % 3,88% 21,15% 67,3% CO2 CO CH4 autres Covnm,N 2 O NO X, SO 2,

9 Net CO 2 Emissions by sector ( 1994) Activity ENERGY Net Emissions (Gg) 156,77 % Total Emissions 14,11 Forest and Grass land Conversion 1111,21 85,89

10 GHG Emissions (Energy Sector) GHG Emissions(Gg) 1994 Emissions(Gg) 1995 CO 2 156,77 716,37 CH 4 10,58 10,86 N 2 O 0,13 2,14 NO X 4,58 6,93 CO 220,80 245,34 SO 2 (Tons) 51,26t 10666,53t COVNM 19,27 23,66 CO 2 (Biomass) 3480,72) 3534,61

11 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT SECTOR SCENARIOS USED AGRICULTURE WATER RESOURCES GCM HadCM2 IS92a Software : Magicc/ Schengen Baseline Years : Prediction for :

12 CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE & PRECIPITATION (Prediction for years : Baseline: ) YEARS Temperature Increase Precipitation Decrease o To 1.0 o -5,9% To 20% ,5 o To 1,7 o -10,6% To 35,8%

13 Precipitation and Aridity Prediction P K P K P K Actual PortPaix Jeremie Cayes Caphaitien Kenskoff

14 Chart Precipitation and Aridity Prediction Portdpaix jeremie Cayes C.Haitien Kenskoff 0 Actual

15 AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS City Actual Kg/ha Maize Jeremie Rice Cayes Potatoes Kenskoff

16 Major Considerations Impacts on Agricultural sector Under the scenarios considered, the aridity in Haiti will increase by 26.3% by 2030 and 52.6% by 2060 That means, in the year 2060 more than 50% of Haiti s area will be exposed to desertification due to adverse climate conditions

17 WATER RESOURCES VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Prediction report for YEAR P Ep Er Q W

18 EVOLUTION WATER AVAILABILITY INDICE

19 WATER RESOURCES VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT MAJOR CONSIDERATIONS Under the scenarios considered, the precipitation will decrease by 24% between Loss of 74% of streaming water In 2030, very few humid area will be available but in 2060, the water deficit will be total The coastal line may regress until 1600 feet and may cause salt intrusion

20 ADAPTATION MEASURES AGRICULTURAL SECTOR Development national meteorological tools oriented to agriculture(agroclimate forecast Increase irrigation efficiency and water reservoirs Experimenting new crop varieties offering better resistance to high temperature Promoting agricultural drought management Inform and educate farmers about climate change consequences into agriculture WATER RESOURCE. SECTOR Establishment network of systematic observation related to variability hydrological cycle reforestation Monitor ground water sources Increase water storage capacity

21 MAIN MITIGATION OPTIONS Reducing the severe rate of deforestation and conducting reforestation and afforestation activities are considered as important and urgent mitigation option for Haiti in the short term Development use of energy renewable and energy efficiency Restructuring the power plants system

22 PUBLIC AWARENESS ACTIVITIES During preparation Initial National Communication public awareness activities were conducted by climate change team. Awareness activities were conducted in four main cities : 1-Port-au-Prince- 2-Gonaïves 3-Port-de-Paix 4- Cap-Haïtien

23 PROBLEMS AND CONSTRAINTS Limited data and Energy data for baseline year (1994) were considered inadequate due to the embargo against Haiti in 1994 Lack of national technical experts with previous experiences in the sector Lack of technical documents in French. Delay caused by national partners Institutions Lack of awareness among decision makers Insufficient training for working groups Bureaucracy in the country Internal political crisis

24 STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME DIFFICULTIES For problems of data in the energy sector during the embargo year in Haiti (1994),the inventory for the energy sector was realized also for 1995, in order to have a figure more realistic. To face lack of awareness among decisionmakers we explained to them the opportunities for the country to develop renewable energy, to strength institutional capacities and to cope with deforestation.

25 STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME DIFFICULTIES To overcome the lack of national Experts, the project hired international Consultants ( Enda Tiers-Monde, Cuban Institute of Meteorology and Climatology etc ) to help national working groups. Participation at training provided by UNDP/UNEP/ National Communication Support Program helped also to overcome this lack of capacity Utilization of CC:TRAIN material provided by UNITAR

26 POSITIVE ASPECTS Preparing National Communication is a very good Learning by doing experience. Technical National capacities are developed considerably during project implementation Preparing national communication offers the opportunity to build strong human relationship among technical staff from different national institutions and make easier and faster inter-institutional work.

27 CONCLUSION In conclusion, there is a need for : More education and public awareness Increasing awareness among decisionmakers More training activities to strength internal capacities Deeper study, strength data collection Demonstration or pilot project More POLITICAL WILL

28 Project Planning / Working Groups Coordination : Ministry of Environment GES Inventory & Mitigation Bureau Mines and Energy Vulnerability & Adaptation Public Awareness Capacity building, Research and implementation climate change issues in National Development Planning Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources Quisqueya University (Private) State College of Agronomy

29 Project Planning International Technical Assistance UNEP/UNDP/NSCP Training, Advising Cuban Institute of Meteorology and Climatology Enda Tiers-Monde, Senegal Prof. Bhawang Sing, at University of Montreal Vulnerability & Adaptation study GES Inventory Mitigation Analysis