Introduction to Soil and Forage Analysis Laboratory and Wisconsin soil summary report. Robert Florence Laboratory Director. uwlab.soils.wisc.

Transcription

1 Introduction to Soil and Forage Analysis Laboratory and Wisconsin soil summary report Robert Florence Laboratory Director uwlab.soils.wisc.edu 1

2 Outline Introduction Analysis/ soils tour Soil summary data Questions 2

3 Introduction Located: Marshfield, WI Staff: Office Jodie Soils Krystina and Megan Forage and Manure Lisa and Tina Student help - UW Stevens Point and Marshfield High Lab Director Robert Florence Map from: Wisconsin DHS 3

4 Soils Routine: ph, lime requirement, P, K, and OM Optional: Sulfate Zinc Boron Manganese Pre-plant and pre-side dress nitrate Storage: soil bags, plastic bags, plastics containers, etc. Do not let samples for nitrate stay warm and wet 4

5 Forage Wet Chemistry NIR Dry matter Crude protein Fiber (ADF, ADF-CP, NDF-CP, NDF, NDFD) Fat P, Ca, K, and Mg (wet chemistry or by NIR) Prolamin-Protein Starch Ash Storage - Plastic bags (gallon sized if mixed ration) 5

6 Manure Routine (Total Solids, Total N, P, K, S) Ammonium-Nitrogen Estimated C:N ratio (from ash:tn) Storage Slurry/liquid - 3/4 filled quart plastic bottle Solids - Half filled gallon bag If not immediately delivered to the lab, freeze the sample. Send when samples will arrive on a work day to avoid thawing.

7 Plants Potato petiole nitrate Corn stalk nitrate Total nitrogen Mineral analysis (new to SFAL) P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Mn, B, Cu, Fe, Al, and Na Storage: Paper bags let samples dry a bit before shipping 7

8 Transport Shipping Drop off: At the lab in Marshfield (we have an after hours drop location) U.S. Postal Service: Your box with a printed on-line label, any USPS location UPS: Drop off at any UPS location or location frequented by UPS Fed-Ex: Drop off at any Fed-Ex location or location frequented by Fed-Ex SpeeDee: Services rural areas with same day/next day pick up We do not endorse one over the other these are options available, and is not an all inclusive list. 8

9 What happens when the soil sample is at the lab? 9

10 Tour Logged in Ground and sieved Dried Boxed 10

11 Tour Scooped Shake Extract added Filter Bray 1 for P and K 11

12 Tour P and B - Spectrometer K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Pb - AA ph and Buffer ph- Probe Organic matter DATCP check samples are ran with every batch of soil analyzed 12

13 Soil Summary DATCP Labs Ag Source A&L Great Lakes Dairyland Rock River UW - Soil and Plant Analysis Lab UW - Soil and Forage Analysis Lab Years 1995 to 2010 (all labs) 2010 to 2015 (UW labs only) Analysis Soil OM Soil ph Bray - P Bray - K 13

14 Percent 4 Organic Matter - Trend State wide % % 25 % All DATCP labs 2,415,525 samples UW Lab s data only 45,617 samples 14

15 Organic Matter - Map Average by county 15

16 What is the best soil ph? a) 7.0 b) 6.5 to 7.5 c) Depends on your crop rotation 16

17 ph Soil ph - Trend State wide % Alfalfa target ph 50 % 6.5 Corn target ph % All DATCP labs 2,415,525 samples UW Lab s data only 45,617 samples 17

18 Soil ph - Map Average by county 18

19 What is the proper sample depth for P and K? a) 1 b) 4-8 c) Depends on tillage No Till: 6 for ph, P, and K No till >5 years: 2 for ph and 6 for P and K Moldboard plow: Tillage depth Till-plant and ridge till: 6 on ridges and 4 in valley, with equal number of cores from both. Chisel: ¾ of the tillage depth 19

20 ppm 80 Bray P - Trend State wide % % 25 % All DATCP labs 2,415,525 samples UW Lab s data only 45,617 samples 20

21 ppm 80 Bray P - Trend Optimum soil P levels Grain corn and soybean Sandy/organic Loamy All DATCP labs 2,415,525 samples UW Lab s data only 45,617 samples 21

22 ppm 80 Bray P - Trend Optimum soil P levels Corn silage and alfalfa Sandy/organic Loamy All DATCP labs 2,415,525 samples UW Lab s data only 45,617 samples 22

23 Lbs. P 2 O 5 per acre What should the state trend be? Loamy Soil Build (Crop Removal + soil build up) 150 bu/acre yielding corn Maintain (crop removal) Draw down ----> (Less than crop removal) 0-10 Very Low Low Optimum High 30+ Very High Soil Test P (ppm) In this system the long term equilibrium would be in the 15 to 20 ppm P range WI has various crop demand levels and optimum levels for soil texture/organic soils 23

24 Bray P - Map Average by county 24

25 Of these, which of these is the best sampling? a b c 5 acres 5 acres 5 acres 25

26 ppm 200 Bray K - Trend State wide % 50 % 25 % All DATCP labs 2,415,525 samples UW Lab s data only 45,617 samples 26

27 ppm 200 Bray K - Trend Optimum soil K levels Grain corn and soybean Loamy Sandy/organic All DATCP labs 2,415,525 samples UW Lab s data only 45,617 samples 27

28 ppm 200 Bray K - Trend Optimum soil K levels Corn silage and alfalfa Loamy Sandy/organic All DATCP labs 2,415,525 samples UW Lab s data only 45,617 samples 28

29 Bray K - Map Average by county 29

30 Contact Robert Florence Laboratory Director x 13 Soil and Forage Analysis Laboratory 2611 Yellowstone Rd. Marshfield, WI