Can we achieve Sustainable ICT?

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Linda Spencer
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1 Can we achieve Sustainable ICT? Royal Academy of Engineers 2 December 2012 Bob Crooks UK Defra Lead for Green ICT Member of the UK Gov s Green ICT Delivery Unit Chair of the BCS Green ICT SIG Bob.crooks@defra.gsi.gov.uk

2 What is Green ICT...? Reducing the environmental impacts of the ICT lifecycle... how the materials in ICT equipment are mined/produced; the conditions & energy for manufacture & development; the delivery of ICT to consumers; the energy and consumables used in operation; the disposal / decommissioning of ICT at the end of its life

3 Why do we need Green ICT... Globally ICT Manufacture, use and disposal accounts for 2%+ of global CO2 emissions Equal to the aviation industry Man-made CO2 emissions add up to around 49 billion tonnes pa 1 billion + tonnes from ICT. In UK In UK 10 million office PCs, nearly 50% of adult population use PCs at work IT consumes 15% of office power rising to 30% by 2020 In total ICT power consumption already represents 10% of total UK energy consumption or 3 Nuclear Power stations! References : (Berkeley National Labs + Global Action Plan + IPCC + Energy Saving trust + Carbon Trust)

4 Pace of change Globally Data centre power demand to triple over next 10 years (Greenpeace) Predicted to consume ~ 2000bn kw-h by 2020 = total power consumed by FR/GER/CAN/BRA! 1,000 server racks => 3m energy bill Intensity of power required doubling each year(gartner design requirements) 70w per sq ft w per sq ft w per sq ft 2011 In UK Data storage capacity passed the zetabyte mark for stored data in 2010 growing by ~ 40% p.a. Office PCs to reach 70% of adults by 2020 Expect 45% of Domestic Power to be used for home IT and CE products by 2020 And not forgetting the Network...

5 => In Japan Networking kit no surpassing servers /mainframes => In London London Internet Exchange reports handling 1.5 terabytes per second and doubling in next 6 months!

6 UK Government ICT Strategy UK Public Sector spends some 14b on ICT with significant energy and carbon costs Gov ICT Strategy aim To push ahead with data centre, network, software and asset consolidation and the shift towards cloud computing. It will mandate the reuse of proven, common application solutions and policies. These solutions must balance the need to be open, accessible and usable with the growing cyber-security threat and the need to handle sensitive information with due care.

7 Looking to Improve utilisation & VFM from ICT assets Share and Consolidate resources Contracts Applications => Apps Store Networks=> PSN Data centres=> 300+ to 20 Dematerialisation to allow economies of scale Virtual desktop Virtualised applications on Apps Store G-Cloud delivery

8 Consolidation..

9 Greening government ICT strategy => => Solutions are energy efficient across the lifecycle

10 PRODUCTION & DESIGN Raw Materials OPERATION REUSE DISPOSAL Power Management Re - cycle, Reclaim Removal of hazardous parts Manufacture & Assembly ICT Usage Donate E - Waste WEEE Directive Transport Cooling of ICT Refurbish Supply chain Procurement User Behaviour Resell Green ICT Efficiency Principles Componentised and modular Energy efficient Design Non over specification of capacity Componentise Support interoperability for reuse Fit capacity to spec GBS standards compliant Power management Consolidate/Virtualise/ Share Energy efficiency Extend Life of ICT Cradle to cradle Reuse, resell, redeploy Asset management Removal of hazardous material WEEE Directive Cradle to Cradle - - sell, re -

11 Key target outcome Roadmap 14 key areas for improving practice(5) 1. ICT equipment and services procured using Government Buying or International Standards where appropriate. 2. Decisions to replace equipment based on business utility rather than set refresh points. 3. Power consumption minimised for end user access devices. 4. Number of end user access devices reduced to minimum necessary for business needs 5. Number of printers and volume of print reduced to minimum necessary for business needs Description At initial procurement or next refresh point for purchase/lease GBS applied where available. Where not available international standards for greener electronics applied, with use of accreditation schemes such as (eg EPEAT, or ECMA) to confirm compliance At refresh points, process in place to review whether to refresh equipment, balancing the footprint from continuing to use and support, against the footprint from procuring, installing and running more efficient kit and disposing of the existing devices energy management strategies in place across ICT Estate encompassing as appropriate - behaviour change - operating system settings - networked automated energy saving tools Device intensity reduced through sharing and device reduction initiatives, adopting for example: - device pools - virtual desktop technologies - thin clients - PC hives - VOIP - Soft Phones Print reduction strategy developed and adopted incorporating - behaviour changes - print settings e.g. duplex - consolidation of print functions e.g. MFDs - technologies for efficiencies e.g. proximity printing, print volume reporting by organisation and individual - settings to reduce use of toner - measures to minimise colour printing

12 Roadmap 14 key areas for improving practice(6) 6. Networks audited, reduced and shared with due regard to resilience needs. Network infrastructure rationalised and shared - Audit existing provisions and resilience arrangements - Align networks and remove duplication - Match provisions to requirement - Power management efficiencies - Use shared/cloud based services and migrate to PSN provisions where appropriate 7. Suppliers engaged in monitoring and improving environmental performance of the ICT supply chain. 8. Business needs met through shared applications hosted in-house, or as services on the web 9. Applications are virtualised and consolidated onto fewer servers. 10. EU Data Centre Code of Conduct endorser status adopted. 11. Server rooms are run energy efficiently Improved environmental performance of the ICT supply chain through - incentivised contracts to deliver greener products, services and innovative behaviours - adoption of GBS for product types covered - reporting of energy/carbon footprints for products and services Existing applications and services and business reqs, are audited and rationalised, those apps and services not required being decommissioning, and new development avoided by sharing those available within organisation and beyond Applications virtualised where appropriate, removing/reducing hardware dependencies, and consolidated onto fewer servers that are loaded to maximum levels of utilisation with due regard to resilience needs Programme of energy efficiency improvements drawn up and implemented and Endorser status gained under EU CoC for energy efficient data centres and server rooms The impact of data centres and server rooms on the environment is understood and managed with active supplier engagement continuously seeking efficiencies and reduced impacts.

13 Roadmap 14 areas for improving practice(3) 12. Storage capacity minimised with due Data storage capacity, deloyment and gorwth is controlled and managed regard to resilience and availability needs. with - policies and guidance in place for managing s and documents, - use of tiering and compression technologies - availability of collaboration spaces 13. Minimal levels of land-fill from disposal of ICT kit at end of life. Disposals reduced through policies and practices for re-using and recycling ICT kit at end of useful life

14 Not forgetting the Service wrap Service management Help desk Break/fix Change Upgrades New builds Development Testing Delivery

15 Maturity model* levels Foundation - evidence and intelligence gathering to inform actions, agreed plans 2. Embedded - show commitment and basic initial development, basic processes in place 3. Practised - moving forward taking actions to improve, repeatable actions 4. Enhancing - pushing for new opportunities, adoption of best practice, improving capability 5. Leadership - taking control, having own vision, optimising performance *Ref: Software Engineering Institute (SEI, 2008) at Carnegie Mellon University CMMI model (2002 last updated in 2008)

16 Maturity Model Organisation Name: A N OTHER DEPT Level attained Change Previous Achieved Desired on Previous Managing Services Managing Technology Changing Services Exploiting technology Overall FfGIM Score: Managing Services Overall FfGIM Score: Managing Technology Previous 0.00 Achieved Desired Exploiting technology Changing Services

17 But also Green ICT is about the 98%... Exploiting ICT to reduce wider environmental impacts... Working practices and processes Meetings/travel Resource utilisation space, paper, heating/cooling Ways of working for staff Products and services Moving from Green ICT v1 => Green ICT v2

18 Greening Government commitments Cut carbon emissions by 10% in central government Ensure that redundant ICT equipment is reused or recycled Cut paper use by 10% Closed loop paper waste collection and recycling 2015: Cut greenhouse gas emissions by 25% 2015: Cut domestic flights by 20% 2015: Cut waste by 25% 2015: Cut water consumption Get Supply chain data Long term policy goals Climate change: cutting UK greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050 Waste: Planning for a zero waste economy Water: using water resources sustainably and efficiently Embed Government Buying Standards Green economy 18

19 Greening Government ICT Vision Vision: A cost effective and energy efficient ICT estate, which is fully exploited with reduced environmental impacts to enable new and sustainable ways of working for staff, organisation & customers

20 Roadmap 14 areas for improving practice(3) 14. Business travel reductions through adoption of audio, web and video conference facilities, social media and collaboration tools Engaged with staff and the organisation's Greening Government programme, ICT is being exploited to change individual and organisational ways of working and reduce environmental impacts

22 Other government directions Market Transformation programme EU Ecodesign Directive, implemented in UK by the Ecodesign for Energy Related Products Regulations (SI 2010 No 2617). to improve the environmental performance of products by reducing the impact of a product s life-cycle on the environment through regulation or voluntary agreements.

25 Developing the Green Economy

26 Interacting with other forms of capitals, natural capital also contributes to wider wellbeing Source: Harper and Price (2011): A framework for understanding the social impacts of policy and their effects on wellbeing

Natural capital differs from other types of capital with nonlinearities, thresholds and irreversible impacts NB: Impacts of climate change on the economy/society are all mediated through other

27 Natural capital differs from other types of capital with nonlinearities, thresholds and irreversible impacts NB: Impacts of climate change on the economy/society are all mediated through other natural assets so their condition matters. Earth system processes Climate change Biodiversity loss Nitrogen cycle Phosphorus cycle Stratospheric ozone depletion Ocean acidification Global freshwater use Land system change Atmospheric aerosol loading Chemical pollution Source: Rockstrom et al (2009)

28 In the long-term, neglecting natural capital will lead to losses in economic growth Globally... Ecosystems loss from deforestation = $2-4.5 trillion loss of capital value p.a. (1) Global costs from climate change estimated at 5-20% of GDP (2) Global fish catch is $50 billion p.a. lower than if stocks were better managed (3) In the UK... Better access green space for each household in England could reduce health costs by 2.1 billion a year (4) Total economic costs of the summer 2007 floods are estimated at 3.2 billion (5) The value of storm buffering and flood control services from wetlands is estimated at over 1.5 billion a year (6) Chronic health effects of particulate matter estimated to cost 15 billion p.a. (7) The loss of pollination services would cost agriculture 430 million per year (8) Sources: (1)TEEB for Policymakers; (2) Stern Review; (3) World Bank; (4) Natural England; (5) Environment Agency ; (6) National Ecosystems Assessment; (7) Defra; (8) BBSRC 28

29 Projected economic impacts of climate change 0 C Food Global temperature change (relative to pre-industrial) 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C Falling crop yields in many areas, particularly developing regions Possible rising yields in some high latitude regions Falling yields in many developed regions Water Ecosystems Small mountain glaciers disappear water supplies threatened in several areas Significant decreases in water availability in many areas, including Mediterranean and Southern Africa Sea level rise threatens major cities Extreme weather events Extensive Damage to Coral Reefs Rising number of species face extinction Rising intensity of storms, forest fires, droughts, flooding and heat waves Risk of abrupt and major irreversible changes Increasing risk of dangerous feedbacks and abrupt, large-scale shifts in the climate system

30 Six key principles for the optimal path in the transition to a green economy providing policy certainty and simpler regulation choosing the right mix of policy instruments making it easier to be green incentivising R&D and innovation promoting business and economic resilience working through EU and international channels 30

31 Carbon efficient power? 1 kwh = 0.5kg CO 2 = 0.10 Sustainable sources -> zero emissions/kwh Better quality supply so draw less to generate same power Smoothing eg PowerPerfector (upto 15% power saved?) AC to DC conversion Use heat to generate power : CHP Extend EU Code of Conduct to encompass Sourcing power and Utilising heat

32 Technology change? Are we running to stand still? Or up the down escalator? Technology advances Optical/Quantum computing Jevons law, consumption expands to fill capacity Resist or accept a Martini world If we were all to have US lifestyles need nearly 3 planets to support 9 billion people

Sustainable Development Management Plan

Sustainable Development Management Plan Summary Report 2017 2022 Published November 2017 Copyright 2017 Health and Social Care Information Centre. The Health and Social Care Information Centre is a non-departmental