Potential Future Changes in Waste Collection and Disposal Practices

Transcription

1 Potential Future Changes in Waste Collection and Disposal Practices Presented by Robert E. Dick, PE SWANA Old Dominion Chapter Regulatory Training Session Richmond, VA October 17, 2013

2 OVERVIEW Past Industry Practices Current Industry Trends Sustainable Materials Management Zero Waste & Recycling Organics Diversion/ Composting Waste Conversion/ WTE European Union Initiatives Emerging Landfill Practices Waste Collection Program Efficiency CNG Vehicle Fleets Business Trends Career/ Professional Skills Adaptability

3 PAST INDUSTRY PRACTICES

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12 CURRENT INDUSTRY TRENDS

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15 MSW Management Trends Millio ons of Ton ns Per Yea ar Generation Recycling Composting WTE Discard

16 WASTE MANAGEMENT TRENDS 1. Increasing Waste Diversion Increased recycling (single stream, C&D, multi-family) Waste composition to landfills is changing Strong focus on organics and plastics recovery

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21 CHANGING WASTE STREAM 1990 Source: Orange County, NC Single-Family Residential 2010

22 ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDINGS WASTE STREAM CHANGES Other Waste 1.6% Textiles 0.7% Batteries 0.4% Commingled Containers 8.1% Other Paper 8.6% Recyclable Paper 60.5% Textiles 0.3% Other Waste 10.0% Other Paper 19.8% Commingled Containersi 11.0% Recyclable Paper 20.4% Other Plastic 2.7% Polystyrene 0.8% Film 4.4% Yard Waste 0.5% Food Waste 11.6% Other Plastic 1.4% Polystyrene y 3.5% Yard Waste 0.4% Food dwaste 24.9%

23 SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS MANAGEMENT Shifting away from the term Waste Embracing concepts of resource and material management Sustainability reports Renewable Green energy

24 ZERO WASTE & RECYCLING Consider this concept to be splintering of the waste stream

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26 Real Population Value

27 Real Population Value

28 How We Do It - Elements of a Zero Waste Plan Develop Implementation Plan Establish Guiding Principles and Goals Engage g Stakeholders and Policy Makers Zero Waste Assign Resources Plan Conduct Needs Assessment and Estimate Costs Evaluate Options and Develop Scenarios Establish Evaluation Criteria and Process 28

29 MA: Pathway to Zero Waste

30 GREEN FENCE China s Operation Green Fence Campaign (in effect about 10 months) Contamination of exported recyclables China imports about 70% of global electronic and plastic recyclables Allowable residuals content limit = 1.5% Force policy and technology changes in the western exporting countries

31 ORGANICS DIVERSION & COMPOSTING

32 What is Compostable? Residential MSW Source: Hamilton County, OH Single-Family Residential

33 SOURCE SEPARATED ORGANICS Residential/ Commercial Fruits and vegetables Meat and dairy products Yard waste Industrial Food processing by-products WWTP Sludge FOG = fats, oils, grease Agricultural Manure, crop residuals

34 AEROBIC DIGESTION Composting: aerobic biological decomposition of organic materials End product: stable, soil amendment Composting happens naturally when organic material falls to the ground surface

35 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION Anaerobic biological decomposition of organic materials End products: Biogas Digestate: solid residual which is usually composted A landfill (but no digestate) AD = anaerobic digestion

36 MASSACHUSETTS MassDEP Solid Waste Master Plan: Organics 100,000 tons diverted in 2009 Increase to 450,000 tons by 2020 Initial focus on AD: at WWTPs, landfills November 2012: Food and leaf compost facilities can be built and operated under a General Permit Waste Ban regulations Add commercial organic material Applies if >1 ton per week Summer of 2014.

37 POLICY & PERMITTING PA, MA: general permits for composting MA, VT, CT: waste bans for organics MD proposed to restrict organics disposal in landfills US Composting Council (USCC) Spring 2013: released a Model Compost Rule Template for use by state regulators

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40 WASTE CONVERSION & WTE Traditional WTE technologies Alternative waste conversion technologies Thermal Biological Biochemical

41 RECENT PLANTS (North America) Thermal Biological Bio-chemical (hybrid) PHG Energy, Covington, TN wood chip gasifier to power. Vista International Technologies, Denver CO tire/biomass gasifier thermal oxidizer BioNitrogen - Hardee County, FL biomass gasifier catalytic ti reactor to urea planning Plasco Energy Ottawa, CA MSW plasma gasifier to power, 330 TPD S4 Energy Solutions * Columbia Ridge, OR plasma gasifier molten bath, MSW to fuel and power CleanWorld, Sacramento, CA expansion of wet food waste digester to 110 TPD Zero Waste Energy/MRWMD, Monterey, CA pilot scale dry anaerobic digester using food scraps Quasar Energy Group several in Ohio biomass to power and fuel using anaerobic wet technology Abengoa, Glendale AZ MSW gasification fermentation - enzyme hydrolysis, 10 MW power under construction Enerkem*, City of Edmonton, BC: 300 TPD gasification and catalysts of MSW to ethanol - construction INEOS Bio, Indian River, FL: Biomass to ethanol using gasifier and biocatalyst *Waste Management Inc. has invested in the company.

42 S4 Energy Solutions - Columbia Ridge LF (MSW feedstock)

43 Enerkem Edmonton, BC (MSW feedstock)

44 Plasco Energy Ottawa, CA (MSW feedstock) * Photo of Sister plant at Trail Road LF

45 EUROPEAN UNION INITIATIVES 1999 Landfill Directive i Organics Management Traditional i Waste-to-energy (WTE)

46 HIGHLIGHTS OF EU s APPROACH EU Landfill Directive i 1999 < 5 percent organic waste to landfills Reduce landfill waste amounts to 1995 levels l (time requirement/reduction allowances through 2020) Only recently has climate impact been considered More stringent country requirements landfill tax in most countries several have banned landfill for untreated t wastes

47 BMW LANDFILL REDUCTIONS Reduce Biodegradable d Municipal i Waste (BMW) EU Landfill Directive 1999 If >80% of waste to landfill then defer by 4 years 75% of 1995 levels by % % Waste often increased, at least until recently Therefore, task even harder unless waste prevention

48 LANDFILL Still the Main Global l Technique Even in EU the main waste treatment method is landfill average 42% in 2007 Bulgaria 100% Romania 99% Lithuania 96% Malta 93% Poland 90% Eire 64% UK 57% (52% in 2009) Germany 1% [Source: Eurostat March 9, 2009]

49 HIGHLIGHTS OF EU s EUsAPPROACH Landfill 25 Incineration 20 Recycled Composted Neths Germany Sweden Austria 49

50 WASTE PREVENTION & REDUCTION Several countries have broken link between waste growth and GDP growth Most EU member states now achieving Will be assisted by financial crisis! Germany household waste was only 87.5% in 2007 compared to average Importance of direct financial incentives plus provision of facilities

51 BEST PRACTICE IN EU 27 >50% Composting and Recycling MSW in 2007 Germany 64% (recycling 46%) Belgium 62% (recycling 39%) Netherlands 60% (recycling 32%) Austria 59% (recycling 21%) [Source: Eurostat March 9, 2009]

52 BEST PRACTICE IN EU 27 Incineration i Denmark 53% Luxembourg 47% Sweden 47% Netherlands 38% France 36% Germany 35% Belgium 34% [Source: Eurostat March 9, 2009]

53 EMERGING LANDFILL PRACTICES GPS on working face equipment Detailed fill sequence plans (lift-by-lift) Intensive blueprinting and airspace capacity tracking Leachate & landfill gas management: Measure everything to enable analysis, evaluations, and response

54 WASTE COLLECTION PROGRAM EFFICIENCY

55 IMPROVE MUNICIPAL COLLECTION Require residents to pay fee for bulky pickup Require Yard Waste to be in container Require use of standard MSW collection container Limit backdoor/ special collection service Automation Commercial Collection Security

56 True Population Value

57 True Population Value

58 Real Population Value

59 Steep Driveways True Population Value

60 Pickup Into Packer Truck True Population Value

61 CNG VEHICLE FLEETS WM recently installed their 50 th CNG fll filling station Waste Industries new station in Raleigh, g, NC

62 CNG The Case for Converting Our Fleet The WM Fleet Currently, we operate 30, vehicles 1,500 are compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles Over the next 5 years, 90 percent of new vehicles purchased will run on CNG Maintenance costs are lower than new diesel trucks September Waste Management

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64 BUSINESS TRENDS Better Stewards of Capital Commitment to generate improved returns on capital a Squeezing more cash out of the business Increased scrutiny on expenses; smarter spending Impact of recyclable commodity prices

65 USA INITIATIVES Less landfilling; increased recycling Organics diversion Revisit i WTE technologies Traditional WTE technologies Alternative waste conversion technologies Thermal Biological i l Biochemical

66 CAREER/ PROFESSIONAL SKILLS ADAPTABILITY Read, read, read Look for opportunities to get involved in other practices within the industry Get cross-training from your colleagues