- BUFFER Partially protected areas as buffers to increase

Transcription

1 - BUFFER Partially protected areas as buffers to increase the linked social-ecological resilience Joachim Claudet ( - BiodivERsA 2011 Kick-Off Meeting June 13-14, Almeria, Spain National Center for Scientific Research, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-CRIOBE, Perpignan, France

2 European context

3 European context BiodivERsA Funded under the FP7 ERA-NET scheme Network of national funding organizations 15 out of 25 EU member states - 21 partner organizations Promote pan-european research Innovative opportunities for the conservation and sustainable management of biodiversity

4 European context BiodivERsA

5 BUFFER context

6 BUFFER context 4 countries 7 partners

7 BUFFER context 4 countries 7 partners Sweden FORMAS Swedish Environmental Protection Agency ETS Political Science unit, Department of Economy, Technology and Society, Luleå University of Technology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research

8 BUFFER context 4 countries 7 partners Norway RCN The Research Council of Norway Flødevigen Marine Research Station, Institute of Marine Research

9 BUFFER context 4 countries 7 partners France ANR Agence Nationale de la Recherche USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE, CRIOBE, Center for Insular Research and Observatory of the Environment UMR M101 AMURE, Center for the Law and Economics of the Sea

10 BUFFER context 4 countries 7 partners Portugal FCT Fundaço para a Ciência e a Tecnologia CCMAR, Centre of Marine Sciences of the Algarve University ISPA, Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida / Eco- Ethology Research Unit

11 Scientific context

12 It all started... somewhere between France and Spain

13 Cerbère-Banyuls Natural Marine Reserve Partial protection ha 1.5 mile from the coast Limit: isobath -60m 7.19 km of coast Full protection 63.9 ha 1.54 km of coast

14 Multiple controls design 2 seasons

15 Seascape habitat variables Seascape vs. transect sampling units: variables of habitat type variables of bathymetry variables of habitat complexity 200 m Rocks Blocks Pebbles Sand Coraligenous Posidonia Dense Scattered 1 km Isolated

16 Levels of protection vs. environment

17 Levels of protection vs. environment

18 Levels of protection vs. environment

19 Levels of protection vs. environment

20 Time first Season = Fall Season = Spring

21 Then depth... but also shelter? Depth < 9,6 m Season = Fall Depth 9,6 m Depth < 9,7 m Season = Spring Depth 9,7 m

22 Protection is time- and depth-dependent Zone = FP Depth < 9,6 m Zone = PP, UP Season = Fall Depth 9,6 m Zone = FP, PP Depth < 9,7 m Zone = UP Season = Spring FP: Fully protected PP: Partially protected Depth 9,7 m UP: Unprotected

23 Then complexity (shelter?) Zone = FP Depth < 9,6 m Zone = PP, UP Rocks < 16 % Season = Fall Complexity < 71 % Rocks 16 % Depth 9,6 m Complexity 71 % Zone = FP, PP Depth < 9,7 m Zone = UP Season = Spring Rocks < 80 % Depth 9,7 m Rocks 80 % FP: Fully protected PP: Partially protected UP: Unprotected

24 Protection in least complex habitats Zone = FP Depth < 9,6 m Zone = PP, UP Zone = FP Rocks < 16 % Season = Fall Complexity < 71 % Zone = UP Zone = UP Rocks 16 % Depth 9,6 m Zone = FP, PP Complexity 71 % Zone = FP, PP Depth < 9,7 m Zone = UP Season = Spring Rocks < 80 % Depth 9,7 m Rocks 80 % FP: Fully protected PP: Partially protected UP: Unprotected

25 Indicator species Zone = FP Depth < 9,6 m Zone = PP, UP Zone = FP Rocks < 16 % Season = Fall Complexity < 71 % Zone = UP Zone = UP Rocks 16 % Depth 9,6 m Zone = FP, PP Complexity 71 % Zone = FP, PP Depth < 9,7 m Zone = UP Season = Spring Rocks < 80 % Depth 9,7 m Rocks 80 % Diplodus annularis Diplodus cervinus Diplodus puntazzo Dentex dentex Sarpa salpa Labrus merula Symphodus ocellatus Serranus scriba Spicara smaris

26 Indicator species Zone = FP Depth < 9,6 m Zone = PP, UP Zone = FP Rocks < 16 % Season = Fall Complexity < 71 % Zone = UP Zone = UP Rocks 16 % Depth 9,6 m Zone = FP, PP Complexity 71 % Zone = FP, PP Depth < 9,7 m Mullus surmuletus Zone = UP Season = Spring Rocks < 80 % Depth 9,7 m Rocks 80 %

27 Cerbère-Banyuls Natural Marine Reserve

28 It continued.. somewhere down south Italy

29 Torre Guaceto MPA... Claudet & Guidetti, 2010 Nature; Guidetti & Claudet, 2010 Conservation Biology

30 CPUE can sustain fisheries within its boundaries Claudet & Guidetti, 2010 Nature; Guidetti & Claudet, 2010 Conservation Biology

31 Where are we now? (let's come back to the international context)

32 Threats in coastal areas Negative loop Uses at the base of socioeconomic activities can be negative drivers of change (decreased resilience and/or conflicts) Regional and global change can speed the crossing of tipping points Iterative process

33 Management of coastal areas MPAs

34 Management of coastal areas MPAs We know a lot on no-take zones, but... 1) Increased ecological resilience doesn't necessarily support social resilience 2) No-take zones are (sometimes) contentious and difficult to implement European + national policies push towards establishment of multiple-use areas

35 What do we now about PPAs PPAs

36 What do we now about PPAs PPAs not that much, but... here we are!

37 BUFFER General aims Drivers of resilience of social-ecological systems Sustain, adapt or transform uses and/or services Integration of functionality indicators into decision-making Not focused on biodiversity protection per se

38 BUFFER Questions raised 1) Do PPAs help to buffer against human-induced functional changes? 2) Do PPAs help to buffer against human-induced selection pressures and in protecting phenotypic diversity? 3) Are uses and users less vulnerable in PPAs? Do PPAs provide new opportunities for users? 4) Can global threats be more easily managed in PPAs? 5) What are the context-dependent drivers of PPA resilience?

39 BUFFER Hypotheses Natural dimension #1 Community level Functional diversity and redundancy higher in PPAs Higher functional diversity larger source for the provision of goods and services Higher functional redundancy higher ecological resilience

40 BUFFER Hypotheses Natural dimension #2 Species level Fishing causes truncation of phenotypic diversity Phenotypic diversity higher in PPAs Higher phenotypic diversity higher adaptive capacity

41 BUFFER Hypotheses Human dimension #1 Uses level Uses more sustainable in PPAs (adaptability/evolution) New uses in PPAs (transformability/creation) Uses more adaptive and transformable higher social resilience

42 BUFFER Hypotheses Human dimension #2 Management level Management can adapt faster in PPAs (adaptability/evolution) Management can better mitigate regional and global change (transformability/creation) Management more adaptive and transformable higher socio-ecological resilience

43 BUFFER Hypotheses Integrative dimension Trajectories and correlates

44 BUFFER case studies Country Names Size (Ha) Year France Banyuls MPA (Gulf of Lyons Natural Marine Park) France Iroise Natural Marine Park Norway Østerå bay PPA (Inner Tvedestrand fjord MPA) Norway Flødevigen PPA (Skagerrak lobster reserves) Portugal PPA # Portugal PPA # Sweden Kosterhavet National Park Sweden Gullmar Fjord nature reserve area Sweden Havstensfjord nature reserve area Sweden The Öresund the non-trawling zone Professor Luiz Saldanha Marine Park (Arrábida Nature Park)

45 BUFFER organization Work packages WP1 Typology of PPAs (Emanuel Gonçalves) WP2 Functional diversity and redundancy (Joachim Claudet) WP3 Phenotypic diversity and selection pressures (Esben M. Olsen) WP4 Socio-economic drivers of resilience (Jean Boncoeur) WP5 Management for adaptability and transformability (Andrea Belgrano)

46 BUFFER organization Management Coordinator part of each WP + regular meetings Milestones and deliverables Kick-off and final meeting in Perpignan Yearly general meetings by video-conference Yearly thematic meetings

47 BUFFER organization Communication plan Involvement of practitioners and stakeholders (MPA managers and users) data collection and interviews Transfer to policy- and decision-makers e.g. booklet, book, workshop Conferences (e.g. IMPAC 2013, IMCC 2014) Specific papers + 1 synthesis papers Website

48 BUFFER brochure

49 BUFFER website

50 BUFFER Acknowledgments This research was funded by the ERA-Net BiodivERsA, with the national funders ANR, FCT, FORMAS, SEPA and RCN, part of the 2012 BiodivERsA call for research proposals.