N.H. Sea Grant Development Project Completion Report

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1 N.H.SeaGrantDevelopmentProjectCompletionReport Today sdate: Projectnumber:M/D 1503 Projecttitle:Effectsofsalinityontheoxygenconsumptionrateofjuvenilelumpfish(Cyclopterus lumpus)inthelaboratory Projectinitiationdate:5/28/2015 Projectcompletiondate:12/31/2015 N.H.SeaGrantfunds:$7500 Principalinvestigator:W.HunttingHowell Affiliation:Dept.ofBiologicalSciences(DBS) Associateinvestigator(s)andaffiliation(s):JennaRackovan,DBSgraduatestudent Techniciansandaffiliations: Partner(s)andaffiliation(s)(Listanycollaborators,sponsors,industrypartners,municipalities,etc., associatedwiththisproject): NOTE:Foreachpartner,includeSCALE(local,state,regional,national,international)andTYPE(gov t, NGO,industry/business,academicinstitution,other) Briefprojectoverview/abstract: Thelumpfish(Cyclopteruslumpus)isacommerciallyimportantspeciesinIcelandandtheNetherlands, whereitisfishedforroewhichisusedforcaviar.morerecently,studieshaveshownthatlumpfish juvenilesareuseful cleanerfish intheatlanticsalmonaquacultureindustry.inthisrole,theypreyon, andremove,damagingsealicefromthesalmon.despitetheimportanceofthespeciesforroeandas cleanerfish,littleisknownaboutitsecologyandphysiology.thisstudyisexamininghowone environmentalvariable(salinity)impactstheoxygenconsumptionofjuvenilelumpfish.resultswill assisttheplacementofsalmonand/orseatroutfarmsthatwishtouselumpfishascleaners,along salinityconcentrationgradients.todeterminehowsalinityimpactstheoxygenconsumptionofjuvenile lumpfish,juvenileswereexposedtofivesalinitytreatments(10,15,20,25,30ppt)andoxygen consumptionratesweremeasured.thiswasrepeated14times,foratotalof70trials.standard metabolicrates(smr)werecalculatedusingsmr=(v* C wo2 )/( t*m f ),where C wo2 istheslopeofthe decreaseindissolvedoxygen,visthevolumeoftherespirometrychamber, tisthechangeintime,and 1

2 M f isthemassoftheindividualfish.preliminaryresultsshowedthatindividualshadasignificantly (p=0.009)highermetabolicrateat20and25ppt. Fig.1.MalelumpfishcaughtoffNew Hampshirecoast Objectives: Theobjectiveofthisstudywastoexaminetheeffectof environmentalsalinityontheoxygenconsumptionrate ofjuvenilelumpfish.specifically,toinvestigatethe possibilityofusinglumpfishasamethodofcontrolling sealiceinlowsalinityfinfishaquaculturelocations. Briefprojectoverview/abstract: Thelumpfish(Cyclopteruslumpus)isacommercially importantspeciesinicelandandthenetherlands,where itisfishedforroewhichisusedforcaviar.morerecently, studieshaveshownthatlumpfishjuvenilesareuseful cleanerfish intheatlanticsalmonaquacultureindustry. Inthisrole,theypreyon,andremove,damagingsealice fromthesalmon.despitetheimportanceofthespecies forroeandascleanerfish,littleisknownaboutits ecologyandphysiology.thisstudyisexamininghowone environmentalvariable(salinity)impactstheoxygen consumptionofjuvenilelumpfish.resultswillassistthe placementofsalmonand/orseatroutfarmsthatwishtouselumpfishascleaners,alongsalinity concentrationgradients.todeterminehowsalinityimpactstheoxygenconsumptionofjuvenile lumpfish,juvenileswereexposedtofivesalinitytreatments(10,15,20,25,30ppt)andoxygen consumptionratesweremeasured.thiswasrepeated14times,foratotalof70trials.standard metabolicrates(smr)werecalculatedusingsmr=(v* C wo2 )/( t*m f ),where C wo2 istheslopeofthe decreaseindissolvedoxygen,visthevolumeoftherespirometrychamber, tisthechangeintime,and M f isthemassoftheindividualfish.preliminaryresultsshowedthatindividualshadasignificantly (p=0.009)highermetabolicrateat20and25ppt. Projectmethodsandfindings: CollectionofadultsforbroodstockbeganonApril11,2015andendedJune5,2015.Duringthistime, wemade>90individualsetsof300 long,8 meshmonofilamentgillnets.allsetsweremadesubtidally alongthenewhampshirecoast.netsweresoakedfor18 24hours.Atotalofonly7adultlumpfish(all males)werecaught(fig.1).becausewedidnothavesufficientbroodstocktoproduceandraise juveniles,wecollectedwildjuvenilesofftheunhmarineresearchpierinjulyandaugustof2015.wild juveniles(fig.2)rangedfrom15 35mminlength,andwerekeptin6separate,flowingseawater10liter tanksinthelaboratory(fig.3).juvenileswerefeddaily(frozenbrineshrimp,frozenmysidshrimp,and somewhiteworms).thesalinityofthefilteredseawaterinthejuvenileholdingtanksinthelaboratory wasalways 30ppt.Priortotesting,experimentalindividualsweremovedintosmallervolume 2

3 containers, and acclimated to the desired test salinity by slowly adding de ionized fresh water over a 6 hour period to represent a tidal cycle. Temperature was kept at approximately 17 C with a heater/chiller in a water bath that contains the acclimation and respiration chambers. Salinity was monitored using a YSI (Yellow Springs Instrument) professional plus. Once juveniles had been acclimated to the test salinity they were transferred into a small glass chamber (approximately ml) containing seawater at the desired salinity. The glass chamber was plugged with a rubber stopper through which a Venier oxygen probe and temperature probe extended. Each experiment lasted for approximately 30 minutes. After the 30 minute trial, the fish were then transferred into another 10 liter tank with their test salinity where they were observed for another week. Oxygen consumption rates were measured at 5 different salinities (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 ppt) with the 30 ppt treatment considered the control. Each salinity was tested twice Fig. 2. Wild caught juvenile lumpfish on the same day, and each salinity was repeated with 14 separate individuals, for a total of 70 fish throughout the experiment. In addition to measuring oxygen consumption, the behavior of fish in the experimental chambers was observed closely. The fish were largely stationary, and signs of stress (e.g. rapid respiration rate) were never observed. Because of this, fish were held at their test salinity for one week, and then gradually returned to ambient salinity. This long term holding for one week, at sometimes low salinity, indicated the fish were more tolerant of low salinity than we expected. When fish were held at 5, 10 and 20ppt for a week, only 1 of 14 fish died at each salinity. Two of the 14 fish died in the 15 and 25ppt. Only 5 fish were exposed to 0ppt, and all died within 28hrs. Mean standard metabolic rates ranged from about 0.05 to Preliminary results showed that individuals had a significantly (p =0.009) higher metabolic rate at 20 and 25ppt (Fig. 4). However, individuals did not seem to be visually stressed in any of the salinity treatments. 3

4 Fig. 3. Ten liter chambers used to acclimate juvenile lumpfish. Figure 4. Effects of salinity on the standard metabolic rate of juvenile lumpfish Accomplishments (Accomplishments are the key actions, activities or products resulting from Sea Grant projects. They are distinct from impacts in that they reflect ongoing activities or key results that may not yet have had a significant economic, societal and/or environmental benefit but lay the foundation for such a benefit. Accomplishments may evolve into impacts in the future.): Impacts (Impacts are significant economic, societal and/or environmental benefits of a project): NOTE: Include data to validate the impact if possible 4

5 Preliminaryresultsindicatethatlumpfishareeuryhaline,abletotoleratesalinitiesaslowas5pptandas highas30ppt.althoughmoreworkneedstobedone,thissuggeststhatlumpfishcouldfunctionwellas cleanerfishinfinfishoperationsoccurringoverawiderangeofsalinities. Economicbenefitsrealizedtodate(businessesretainedorcreated,jobsretainedorcreated,market andnon marketeconomicbenefits): NOTE:Pleasequantifyandprovidesupportingdataifpossible None. Tools,technologiesorinformationservicesresultingfromthisprojectthatarebeingusedtoimprove ecosystem basedmanagement(i.e.,productsthataddressthemanagementofland,waterandliving resourcesincoastalareas,forexamplethatreducecontaminantsthatharmcoastalecosystemsand seafoodconsumers;thattrackchangesinecosystemprocesses,biologicalresponsesandconditions, etc.): None. Relatedgrantsandcontracts(Othergrantsandcontractsthatfundedthisprojectorthatwereobtained asaresultofthisproject): Noneasyet. Publications: NOTE:PleaseciteandattachPDForsendahardcopy,orprovidepossibletitle,authors,journaland statusifnotyetpublished. Presentations,withpublishedabstractcitationifapplicable: NOTE:Forpresentationspleaseincludenumberofattendees. Rackovan,J.2015.Effectsofsalinityonjuvenilelumpfish(Cyclopteruslumpus)andtheirdistributionin thegreatbayestuary,newhampshire. Amer.Fish.Soc.2015annualmtg.,Portland,OR. Awards: None. Additionalinformation: 5