Comparison of Soil Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity under Inverse Auger Hole and Shallow Well Pump Methods

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1 J. Appl. Evro. Bol. Sc., 4(3s)26-30, , TextRoad Publcato ISSN: Joural of Appled Evrometal ad Bologcal Sceces Comparso of Sol Saturated Hydraulc Coductvty uder Iverse Auger Hole ad Shallow Well Pump Methods Motalleb Byzed 1, Maaroof Sosemarde *2 Dept. of Water Egeerg, Saadaj Brach, Islamc Azad Uversty, Saadaj, Ira Dept. of Water Egeerg, Mahabad Brach, Islamc Azad Uversty, Mahabad, Ira ABSTRACT Receved: Aprl 29, 2014 Accepted: July 7, 2014 Hydraulc coductvty s oe of the most mportat sol hydrodyamc Characterstcs that s requred to evaluate of groudwater flow ad draage studes ad calculate of subsurface draage spacg. The ma objectve of ths study was to compare the saturated hydraulc coductvty measured usg Iversed Auger Hole ad Shallow Well Pump Test Methods ad also Determe the relatoshp betwee hydraulc coductvty obtaed from these two methods are based o mathematcal models (Lear, logarthmc, verse, quadratc, cubc, compoud, power, S, growth ad expoetal) have bee compared. Shallow Well Pump Test Method due to practcal costrats, s less used. The measurg of hydraulc coductvty Iversed Auger Hole method carryg out wth a shorter perod of tme compared to Shallow Well Pump Test Method. Ths method s curretly the most commoly used methods. I ths research, 30 wells were drlled at area of 2000 hectares of Saghez rego to determe the saturated hydraulc coductvty. Iversed Auger Hole method was coducted for three cosecutve tmes ad the carred out Shallow Well Pump Test Method. Results showed that mea saturated hydraulc coductvty of Iversed Auger Hole method was 87% greater tha the Shallow Well Pump Test Method. Also, the results showed that cubc model to estmato of saturated hydraulc coductvty of Shallow Well Pump Test Method based o Iversed Auger Hole method was the best model wth correlato coeffcet ad Root mea square error (RMSE). It was foud that the verse model was the worst model. KEYWORDS: hydraulc coductvty, Iversed Auger Hole ad Shallow Well Pump Test Method I. INTRODUCTION The saturated hydraulc coductvty of sol s a measuremet parameter of the sol's ablty to trasmt water whe submtted to a hydraulc gradet that s defed by Darcy's law. [1&2]. Saturated hydraulc coductvty of sol s dffcult to measure ad ca be hghly varable, Feld observatos show that the hydraulc propertes of sols vary sgfcatly wth spatal locato eve wth a gve sol type [3&4]. Varablty the hydraulc propertes of sol uts has bee studed by several researchers [3, 5&6]. Methodsfor determg hydraulc coductvty geerally are dvded to two categores (feld ad laboratory methods). Based o the measuremet of water flow below the water table or above be doe, methods for determg hydraulc coductvty wll be dfferet. Iversed Auger Hole (IAH) ad Shallow Well Pump Test (SWPT), cludg methods to measure hydraulc coductvty above the water table. SWPT method to practcal lmtatos, are less frequetly used. The IAH method for measurg hydraulc coductvty coeffcet ca be doe wth less tme tha the SWPT method. Despte the hgh accuracy of the SWPT method, the dsadvatage of ths techque s the hgh operatg costs. The ma objectve of ths study was to compare the saturated hydraulc coductvty measured usg Iversed Auger Hole ad Shallow Well Pump Test Methods ad also Determe the relatoshp betwee hydraulc coductvty obtaed from these two methods are based o mathematcal models (Lear, logarthmc, verse, quadratc, cubc, compoud, power, S, growth ad expoetal) have bee compared. Oosterbaa ad Njlad (1994) cocluded that the hydraulc coductvty values Iversed Auger Hole Method are lower tha the Shallow Well Pump Test Method [7]. Grbb et al. (2004) compared Auger Hole ad fallg head methods order to determe saturated hydraulc coductvty ad cocluded that the Auger Hole method cotaed hgher values [8]. Carpea et al. (2002) cocluded that the coeffcet of varato laboratory methods s hgher tha the feld methods, Feld methods because more sol volume, the more heterogeeous, thus, the stadard devato ad coeffcet of varato less [9]. L et al. (2009) cocluded that the saturated hydraulc coductvty feld methods s hgher tha the laboratory methods [10]. I areas where groudwater levels are low, methods such as Guelph permeameter, Iversed Auger Hole ad Shallow Well Pump Test Methods are used [11-15], amog these methods; SWPT method has a hgh accuracy. Based ths approach, s to mata a costat water level the hole ad to measure the fluecg water cotet from hole aroud. The dsadvatages of * Correspodg Author: Maaroof Sosemarde, Dept. of Water Egeerg, Mahabad Brach, Islamc Azad Uversty, Mahabad, Ira 26

2 Byzed ad Sosemarde, 2014 ths techque s the hgh operatg costs ad tme cosumg. The measurg of hydraulc coductvty Iversed Auger Hole method carg out wth a shorter perod of tme compared to Shallow Well Pump Test Method. Hadarpoor ad Mohammadzada (2006) compared Iversed Auger Hole ad SWPT methods ad cocluded that the Iversed Auger Hole method estmated saturated hydraulc coductvty 56% hgher tha SWPT method [11]. Also research Moetamed et al. (2012) showed that Iversed Auger Hole method estmated saturated hydraulc coductvty 44% hgher tha SWPT method ad the best relatoshp betwee saturated hydraulc coductvty cocludg by these methods was a lear equato [16]. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS I ths study, research was coducted the dstrct, wth a approxmate area of 2,000 ha, at the Saghez rego (Kurdsta Provce, Ira). 30 holes wth a depth of 2.5 m ad 10 cm dameter were drlled. Measurg of saturated hydraulc coductvty was coducted three tmes Iversed Auger Hole method cosecutvely. Also saturated hydraulc coductvty was measured SWPT method. Data aalyss of saturated hydraulc coductvty amouts of Iversed Auger Hole method (KIA, depedet varable) ad SWPT (KSWPT, depedet varable) method cocluded usg mathematcal equatos cludg Lear, Logarthmc, Iverse, Quadratc, Cubc, Power, Compoud, S, Growth ad Expoetal equatos as follows: Y a b (1) Y al b (2) 1 Y a b (3) 2 Y a b c (4) 3 2 Y a b c d (5) a Y b (6) Y ba (7) a b Y e (8) a b Y e (9) a. Y b. e (10) I order to data aalyss, the Correlato Coeffcet (R), Root Mea Square Error (RMSE), Mea Bas Error (MBE),Mea Absolute Error (MAE) ad Coeffcet of Resdual Mass (CRM) as follows: 1/ 2 2 ) ( P O (11) 1 RMSE MBE (12) [( P O ) / ] MAE CRM 1 P O / 1 O O P (13) (14) Where, P, The saturated hydraulc coductvty amouts of Iversed Auger Hole method, O, The saturated hydraulc coductvty amouts of SWPT method, O, mea of the saturated hydraulc coductvty amouts of SWPT method ad, umber of samples. III. RESULTS The results of the saturated hydraulc coductvty amouts measured by Iversed Auger Hole method ad SWPT method at 30 statos s preseted (Table1). TABLE I. THE RESULTS OF THE SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AMOUNTS MEASURED BY INVERSED AUGER HOLE METHOD (MEAN OF THREE REPLICATES) AND SWPT METHOD Stato Saturated Hydraulc Coductvty K 3 K 2 K 1 K IA K SWTM

3 J. Appl. Evro. Bol. Sc., 4(3s)26-30, The results comparso saturated hydraulc coductvty measuremets showed dffereces betwee Iversed Auger Hole ad SWPT methods. Table 1 shows the saturated hydraulc coductvty amouts from Iversed Auger Hole method s greater tha the SWPT method (Average 87%). Data aalyss of saturated hydraulc coductvty betwee of SWPT method (KSWTM, depedet varable) ad Iversed Auger Hole method (KIA, depedet varable) cocluded usg mathematcal equatos (Lear, Logarthmc, Iverse, Quadratc, Cubc, Power, Compoud, S, Growth ad Expoetal) as follows table 2. TABLE II. COEFFICIENTS OF STUDDIED MATHEMATICAL MODELS Model Coeffcets a b c d Lear Logarthmc Iverse Quadratc Cubc Power Compoud S Growth Expoetal I order to data aalyss the dfferet statstcs used cluded Correlato Coeffcet (R), Root Mea Square Error (RMSE), Mea Bas Error (MBE), Mea Absolute Error (MAE)ad Coeffcet of Resdual Mass (CRM) as follows table 3. TABLE III. THE RESULTS OF DIFFERENT STATISTICS OF MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS Model Statstcs R RMSE MBE MAE CRM Lear Logarthmc Iverse Quadratc Cubc Power Compoud S Growth Expoetal

4 Byzed ad Sosemarde, 2014 The results preseted Table2dcate cubc model wth the hghest correlato coeffcet (0.863) ad lowest root mea square error (0.256) s the best model amog the mathematcal equatos. Also the results dcate vers model wth the lowest correlato coeffcet (0.717) ad hghest root mea square error (0.353) s the worse model. The calculated cubc modeless follows: 3 2 Y Also, comparso of observed amouts (SWPT method) vs predcted amouts usg cubc model s as follows fgure 1. Fgure 1. Comparso of observated amouts (SWPT method) vs predcted amouts usg cubc model IV. DISCUSSION The results showed the saturated hydraulc coductvty amouts from Iversed Auger Hole method s greater tha the SWPT method (Average 87%). Also, t s cocluded that the cubc model s the best ad vers model s the worse model amog the mathematcal equatos. REFERENCES [1] Jadczyszy, J. ad J. NedŸweck. Relato of Saturated Hydraulc Coductvty to Sol Losses. Polsh Joural of Evrometal Studes Vol. 14, 2005, No 4, [2] Mallats D., Jaques D., Tseg P. H., Va Geuchte M. Th., Feye J. Comparso of three hydraulc property measuremet methods. J. Hydrol,I997,199,295. [3] Kumar A., R.S. Kawar ad G. R. Hallberg. Modellg spatal varablty of saturated hydraulc coductvty usg Fourer seres aalyss. Hydrologcal Sceces Joural,1994, 39 (2): [4] Ssso, J. B. ad P. J. Werega. Spatal varablty of steady state fltrato rates as stochastc process. Sol Sc. Soc. Am. J,1981, 45, [5] Gupta, R. K., R. P. Rudra, W. T. Dckso, ad G. J. Wall. Stochastc aalyss of groudwater levels a temperate clmate. Tras. Am. Soc. Agrc. Egrs,1992,35(4), [6] Mohaty, B. P., R. S. Kawar, ad R. Horto. A robust-resstat approach to terpret spatal behavor of saturated hydraulc coductvty of a glacal tll sol uder o-tllage system. Wtt. Resour. Res,1991, 27(11), [7] Oosterbaa, R.J. ad Njlad H.J., Draage Prcples ad Applcatos, Iteratoal Isttute for Lad Reclamato ad Improvemet (ILRI), Wagege, The Netherlads, Publcato 16, secod revsed edto,1994. [8] Grbb, M. M, Kodesora, R., adordway, Comparso of sol hydraulc property measuremets method, Gotech. Geoevr. Eg,2004, 130: [9] Carpea, M.R., Regalado,C.M., Bed, J.A. &Bartol, F. Feld evaluato of the ew Phlp- Due permeameter for measurg aturated hydraulc coductvty, Sol sc. U.S.A., 2002,167(1):

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