Genetic analyses of new feed efficiency traits in Norsvin Landrace

Transcription

1 Geetc aalyses of ew feed effcecy trats Norsv Ladrace K. H. Martse 1, D. Olse 1 & T.H.E. Meuwsse 2 1 Topgs Norsv, Storhamargata 44, NO-2318 Hamar, Norway. rste.martse@orsv.o (Correspodg Author) 2 Departmet of Amal ad Aquacultural Sceces, Norwega Uversty of Lfe Sceces. P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway. Summary The ma obectve of ths paper s to establsh more detaled feed effcecy measures Norsv Ladrace to geetcally mprove feed effcecy wthout egatve cosequeces for other mportat trats. The data was provded by Topgs Norsv, ad cossted of records from the boar testg stato ad the Norwega ltter recordg system. Idvdual feed tae ad body weght were recorded daly ad all boars were computed tomography-scaed to determe ther deposto of lea meat ad fat at the ed of test. I addto, data from purebred Norsv Ladrace sows was avalable. Two ew measures, lea meat- ad fat effcecy, were vestgated for boars. Total feed tae the test perod was aalysed a multvarate amal model, where fat ad lea meat deposto were cluded as radom regresso covarates. Sgfcat geetc varato these ew effcecy measuremets was detected. Geetc correlatos betwee lea meat effcecy, fat effcecy ad sow trats (stayablty, body codto score at weag, total umber of pglets bor ad total ltter weght at three wees of age) were estmated. Two sgfcat geetc correlatos were foud, betwee fat effcecy ad stayablty (0.21 ± 0.11) ad betwee fat effcecy ad total ltter weght at three wees (0.21 ± 0.10). There were o sgfcat geetc correlatos betwee lea meat effcecy ad the sow trats. These results suggest that selecto for fat effcecy could gve poorer stayablty sows ad reduce the ltter weghts at three wees. It mght be possble to select for mproved lea meat effcecy wthout a egatve effect o mportat sow trats. Keywords: feed effcecy, body codto score, geetc parameter, materal le Itroducto Feed effcecy s a mportat trat pg breedg due to global ssues such as huma populato growth, clmate chages ad ecoomcs por producto. Therefore, a effcet pg s mportat to defed the use of resources such as cereals, whch could be huma food, for por producto. I addto, Shral et al. (2012) showed that selecto for resdual feed tae led to reduced troge excreto pgs. As clmate chages ad creased huma populato leads to a creased scarcty of resources, the prces of agrcultural commodtes wll crease. Feed s the maor cost por producto, whch maes feed effcecy a mportat trat for the proft of the farmer (Nem et al., 2010). The Norsv Ladrace s hghly feed effcet ad has a hgh ablty to moblze eergy from body reserves (Kolstad & Vage, 1996). Ths s a result of systematc selecto for reduced feed tae per g growth (FCR), creased lea meat growth ad reduced bac fat. However, t has bee show that such selecto may result reduced appette lactatg sows ad ufortuate cosequeces o proftable trats pglet producto materal les (Kerr & Camero, 1996). The am of ths paper was to vestgate ew measures for feed effcecy, amely lea meat effcecy

2 (LME) ad fat effcecy (FE), ad perform geetc aalyses of these ew trats together wth other ecoomcally mportat trats Norsv Ladrace. Materals ad methods Feed tae o boars orgated from ucleus herds Norway ad was recorded at Topgs Norsv s (TN) boar test stato. At the stato test, dvdual feed tae ad weght were measured daly o all boars eterg the test by a FIRE-stato (FIRE; Osbore Idustres Ic., Osbore, KS, USA) each pe of 12 pgs. I total, 8,161 Norsv Ladrace boars were cluded the data set. At the ed of the test, all boars were scaed by computed tomography (CT) ad through mage aalyss of CT- data, each boar got a pheotype for amout of lea meat ad fat o the carcass. Martse et al. (2015) provded a more detaled descrpto of the data. The sow trats cluded the aalyss were body codto score after weag of frst ltter (BCSw), stayablty up to semato of secod ltter (STAY), total umber of pglets bor frst ltter (TNB) ad total ltter weght of frst ltter at three wees (TLW). These trats were recorded the Norwega ltter recordg system (Igrs). Sows youger tha 250 days, older tha 730 days whe farrowg, ad sows weag pglets older tha 70 days were dscarded. Oly sows wth at least two pglets the ltter were cluded the aalyss. Further detals about the dataset are gve Martse et al. (2016). The trats were aalysed a multvarate amal model, ad estmato of varace compoets ad geetc correlatos were performed a multvarate aalyss usg the DMU software pacage (Madse & Jese, 2013). Total feed tae the test perod. The trat ad model are defed Martse et al. (2015). For the trat, total feed cosumpto the test perod (FI) boars at the test stato, the followg model was used for aalyss: FI oqrs = HY BM ST SEC lm LMEAT o fat FAT q amw AMW r (1) a pe a lmeat a fat e s t ps o fs q oqrs The fxed effects cluded the model were brth herd-year (HY), brth moth (BM), scag tme (ST) ad secto the test stato (SEC). The boars pheotypes for carcass lea meat (LMEAT), carcass fat (FAT) ad accumulated metabolc body weght (AMW) were cluded as fxed regresso covarates. As measures of feed effcecy, radom regressos o amout of lea meat (lmeat) ad fat (fat) ( a ps ad a fs, respectvely) were cluded the model as Martse et al. (2015). These represeted the ew effcecy measures, LME ad FE. The amal s geetc effect ( a s ) (later referred to as RFI) ad pe (pe) were cluded as radom effects. Body codto score at weag was aalysed the followg model, whch s used by TN for ther routely geetc evaluato of the trat: BCSw lmopq = M_LNO HY SEA BRYEAR l WEAN m AGEM (2) β AGEW amal ltter e o p q lmopq The fxed effects the model was dam s ltter umber (M_LNO), brth herd-year (HY), seaso (SEA), breed of the ltter-year of the record (BRYEAR) ad umber of weaed pglets (WEAN). Sow s age at farrowg (AGEM) ad ltter s age at weag (AGEW) were both cluded as fxed regresso covarates the model. The amal s breedg value (amal), ltter s detty (ltter) ad the resdual (e) were cluded as radom effects. Stayablty up to secod semato was aalysed as: STAY lmo = M_LNO BY HYS BR l AGEM m amal (3) ltter e o lmo

3 I the model, M_LNO, brth year (BY), herd-year-seaso of the record (HYS) ad breed of the ltter (BR) were treated as fxed effects addto to the effects descrbed model 2. Total umber of pglets bor ad ltter weght at three wees was aalyzed by the model below, whch s detcal to TN s model the route geetc evaluato of ths trat: TNB = M_LNO HY SEA BRYEAR AGEM ltter amal e (4) l m o lmo The effects model 4 were the same as for BCSw (model 2), wthout the fxed regresso covarate of AGEW. For TLW, the model was the same as model 4 but also cluded the fxed effect of umber of pglets weghed the ltter. Results Estmates of varace compoets ad hertabltes for all trats are preseted Table 1 ad all geetc varaces were sgfcatly larger tha zero. Low to moderate hertabltes were foud for TNB, STAY, BCSw, ad TLW (0.07, 0.10, 0.13 ad 0.16). The estmated hertablty for RFI was remarably hgh (0.59). The estmated geetc correlatos from the multvarate aalyss are preseted Table 1. Overall, the geetc correlatos were relatvely low ad mostly o-sgfcat. Sgfcat correlatos were foud betwee RFI ad both effcecy measures (LME ad FE), suggestg that amals wth a hgh overall feed tae had a lower effcecy (hgher feed tae per g deposted lea meat ad fat). The correlatos betwee RFI ad the sow trats were postve, but low, ad mostly ot sgfcatly dfferet from zero. Stll, a postve ad sgfcat correlato was foud betwee RFI ad BCSw. The geetc correlatos betwee FE ad sow trats were postve (ufavourable), but low. Sgfcat postve correlatos were foud betwee FE ad STAY (0.21 ± 0.11) ad FE ad TLW (0.21 ± 0.10). These results suggested that selecto for fat effcet pgs mght result poorer STAY ad reduce TLW. The geetc correlatos foud betwee LME ad the sow trats were low ad o-sgfcat. Dscusso The am of ths paper was to model ew feed effcecy measuremets that could be used for further geetc mprovemet of feed effcecy pg breedg. Iovatve ways of modellg feed effcecy pgs are desred due to cocers regardg a bologcal lmt for mprovg feed effcecy through chages body composto (creased lea growth ad reduced bac fat) ad lower feed coverso rato (FCR). Geetc varato was foud both feed effcecy trats, ad few ufavourable geetc correlatos to mportat sow productvty trats were foud. For the pglet producto trats (TNB ad TLW), the hertabltes agreed wth TN s geetc parameters ad were slghtly lower tha those foud by Aasmudstad et al. (2014). Hertablty for BCSw was accordace wth earler results foud Norsv Ladrace, aalysed as lear trats multtrat amal models (Ludgre et al., 2014). I the curret study, STAY was defed as a bary trat wth success (1) f the sow was semated aga after frst ltter ad a falure (0) f the sow was culled after frst ltter. The estmated hertablty of the curret study was 0.10, whch was slghtly lower tha estmates obtaed by Aasmudstad et al. (2014) for the same breed (0.13). Stayablty s a complex trat, flueced by several trats such as reproducto ad lameess ad evrometal factors such as herd maagemet ad temperature. A low hertablty mght be expected, as the geetc compoet of STAY may be dffcult to depct due to the trat beg flueced by the sow s bology ad the farmer s maagemet decsos. The hertablty of FI foud ths proect was hgh compared to earler estmates. Lower hertablty estmates have bee foud for total feed

4 cosumpto performace test by earler studes (Kerr & Camero, 1996). The model used for aalyss of total feed tae the test perod ths study was very complex. I por producto, daly feed tae s a coflct of terest betwee the fatteg pg producto ad the pglet producto. Low feed tae ad hgh growth are mportat for the fatteg pg producers, whle hgher appette ad daly feed tae sows are crucal to produce large ltters ad to avod hgh weght loss (Esse et al., 2003). No formato was avalable o the sows feed tae ths study, but the sows producto (TLW) ad BCSw could gve a dcato whether ther feed tae was suffcet durg lactato. To loo at the geetc relatoshps betwee the ew feed effcecy trats ad these sow trats would be beefcal to see f potetal selecto for these ew trats would have a deleterous effect o these mportat sow trats. Few sgfcat geetc correlatos were foud ad selecto for LME could be possble wthout affectg the sow trats, whereas selecto for mproved FE could gve poorer STAY ad TLW. The results are accordace wth a earler study vestgatg the relatoshp betwee boar feed effcecy ad mportat sow producto trats (Glbert et al., 2012). Stll, t has bee show that les selected for low resdual feed tae had a hgher umber of pglets bor ad heaver ltters compared to uselected les (Youg et al., 2010). Ths was explaed by a hgher ablty to moblze body reserves durg lactato amals selected for low resdual feed tae to compesate for the reduced feed tae to support the creased pglet producto. Table 1 Geetc correlatos (rg) ad hertables (h 2 ) for resdual feed tae (RFI), lea meat effcecy (LME), fat effcecy (FE), body codto score at weag (BCSw), stayablty from frst to secod party (STAY), total ltter weght at three wees (TLW) ad total umber of bor pglets (TNB). Trat RFI LME FE BCSw STAY TLW TNB LME 0.25(0.07) FE 0.71(0.05) -0.19(0.12) rg BCSw 0.16(0.07) -0.03(0.13) 0.13(0.11) STAY 0.12(0.07) -0.14(0.12) 0.21(0.11) TLW 0.09(0.06) -0.16(0.11) 0.21(0.10) TNB 0.03(0.08) 0.14(0.14) -0.05(0.12) h Cocluso Geetc varato exsted both LME ad FE. No sgfcat geetc correlatos were foud betwee LME ad mportat sow trats, whereas low but sgfcat geetc correlatos where foud betwee FE ad STAY ad FE ad TLW. Lst of Refereces Aasmudstad, T., D. Olse, E. Sehested & O. Vage The geetc relatoshp betwee coformato assessmet of glts ad sow producto ad logevty. Lvest. Sc. 167: Esse, J.J., E.J. Apeldoor, E. Kas, M.W.A. Verstege & K.H. de Greef The mportace of a hgh feed tae durg lactato of prmparous sows ursg large ltters. J. Am. Sc. 81: Glbert, H., J.-P. Bdael, Y. Bllo, H. Lagat, P. Gullout, P. Seller, J. Noblet & S. Hermesch Correlated resposes sow appette, resdual feed tae, body

5 composto, ad reproducto after dverget selecto for resdual feed tae the growg pg. 90: Kerr, J.C. & N.D. Camero Resposes glt post-farrowg trats ad pre-weag pglet growth to dverget selecto for compoets of effcet lea growth rate. Am. Sc. 63: Kolstad, K., & O. Vage Breed dffereces mateace requremets of growg pgs whe accoutg for chages body composto. Lvest. Prod. Sc. 47: Ludgre, H., W.F. Fse, K. Gradso, N. Ludehem, L. Caaro, O. Vage, D. Olse & L. Rydhmer Geetc parameters for feed tae, ltter weght, body codto score ad rebreedg success prmparous Norwega Ladrace sows. Amal. 8: Madse, P. & J. Jese A User s Gude to DMU. A pacage for aalyzg multvarate mxed models. Verso 6, release 5.2. Uversty of Aarhus, Ceter for Quattatve Geetcs ad Geomcs Dept. of Molecular Bology ad Geetcs, Research Cetre Foulum, Tele, Demar. Martse, K.H., J. Ødegård, T. Aasmudstad, D. Olse & T.H.E. Meuwsse Geetc relatoshps betwee boar feed effcecy ad sow pglet producto, body codto score ad stayablty Norwega Ladrace. J.Am. Sc. 94: Martse, K.H., J. Ødegård, D. Olse & T.H.E. Meuwsse Geetc varato effcecy to depost fat ad lea meat Norwega Ladrace ad Duroc pgs. J. Am. Sc. 93: Nem, J. K., M.-L. Sévo-Amoe, K. Petola & K. J. Stalder The value of precso feedg techologes for grow-fsh swe. Lvest. Sc. 129: Shral, M., A. Doeschl-Wlso, C. Duthe, P. W. Kap, E. Kas, J.A.M. va Aredo & R. Roehe Estmato of resdual feed tae ad ts geetc bacgroud durg the growg perod pgs. J. Am. Sc. 168:17-25 Youg, J.M., R. Bergsma, E. F. Kol, J.F. Patece & J.C.M. Deers Effect of selecto for resdual feed tae o sow reproductve performace ad lactato effcecy. Proc. 9 th World Cogr. Geet. Appl. Lvest. Prod. (WCGALP), Vacouver, Caada. Nov. 19,2015.