INTEGRATING SOLAR ENERGY IN URBAN PLANNING

Transcription

1 INTEGRATING SOLAR ENERGY IN URBAN PLANNING - SUNSCAPE INDEX AND THE CASE OF ÅRSTAFÄLTET IN STOCKHOLM Johan Dahlberg,

2 OUTLINE IEA Task 41: Solar Energy and Architecture Sunscape Index and the case of Årstafältet IEA Task 51: Solar Energy in Urban Planning

3 Solar energy development in Sweden from year 2000

4 IEA Task 41 - Solar Energy and Architecture A. Criteria for Architectural Integration B. Methods and Tools C. Concepts, Guidelines and Case Studies and Stories In Sweden: Maria Wall, LTH Coordinator Marie Claude Dubois (Subtask B), Jouri Kanters, PHD Marja Lundgren, White, Coordinator for Sweden Project period: Participating countries: Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Belgium, Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Canada, Singapore and Australia. 21 maj 2013

5 SUNSCAPE INDEX Sunscape Index is an evaluation method for building integration in the planning of new urban areas. It can be developed to be used in existing areas as well. Within the time frame of the project, we worked within the structural plan phase and the zoning plan phase. A report will be published this spring, which will include an overview of the elements that are necessary to analyze in each phase of the planning process.

6 Sunscape IndexTM

7 AREA 1. Urban design 2. Building design 3. Street design MAIN ASPECT 1. Volumes, orientation, topography, street structure, street sizes 2. Roof scapes, Facade scapes 3. Street furniture OTHER ASPECTS Enhancements, reflections Conflicts and risks Double function and pedagogical aspects MEASUREMENT Contribution margin Energy per solar panel Sunscape Index TM

8 AREA 1. Urban design 2. Building design 3. Street design MAIN ASPECT 1. Volumes, orientation, topography, street structure, street sizes 2. Roof scapes, Facade scapes 3. Street furniture OTHER ASPECTS Enhancements, reflections Conflicts and risks Double function and pedagogical aspects MEASUREMENT Contribution Margin Energy per solar panel Sunscape Index TM

9 AREA 1. Urban design 2. Building design 3. Street design MAIN ASPECT 1. Volumes, orientation, topography, street structure, street sizes 2. Roof scapes, Facade scapes 3. Street furniture OTHER ASPECTS Enhancements, reflections Conflicts and risks Double function and pedagogical aspects MEASUREMENT Contribution Margin Energy per solar panel Sunscape Index TM

10 AREA 1. Urban design 2. Building design 3. Street design MAIN ASPECT 1. Volumes, orientation, topography, street structure, street sizes 2. Roof scapes, Facade scapes 3. Street furniture OTHER ASPECTS Enhancements, reflections Conflicts and risks Double function and pedagogical aspects MEASUREMENT Contribution margin Energy per solar panel Evaluation of facade materials in relation with their reflection coefficient possibility to have sunlight gains / indoor daylight access on the opposite bulding Use of artificial reflexion in roofscape and for façade (colours, surface textures) positive/negative factors Sunscape Index TM

11 AREA 1. Urban design 2. Building design 3. Street design MAIN ASPECT 1. Volumes, orientation, topography, street structure, street sizes 2. Roof scapes, Facade scapes 3. Street furniture OTHER ASPECTS Enhancements, reflections Conflicts and risks Double function and pedagogical aspects MEASUREMENT Contribution Margin Energy per solar panel 45ᵒ angle standing on green roof Enhancement by cooling Conflict of roof space Flat roofs Risks in Sweden with ice and snow that covers the roof Green roofs with green houses Double functions and pedagogical aspects Sunscape Index TM

12 AREA 1. Urban design 2. Building design 3. Street design MAIN ASPECT 1. Volumes, orientation, topography, street structure, street sizes 2. Roof scapes, Facade scapes 3. Street furniture OTHER ASPECTS Enhancements, reflections Conflicts and risks Double function and pedagogical aspects MEASUREMENT Contribution Margin Energy per solar panel Sunscape Index TM

13 AREA 1. Energy need 2. Economy 3. Technical prerequisites MAIN ASPECT 1. Energy performance, Building area, energy profile, dimensioning season/period, real estate energy/household energy 2. Interest rate, payback period, Life cycle costs, energy prizes, subsidies 3. Efficiency of energy source, distance to district heating and electricity grid, land prerequisites geological and geothermal sources etc. OTHER ASPECTS Relation dwellings/offices Contribution margin goal MEASUREMENT Costs (LCC) Sunscape Index TM

14 Hamnhuset LCC Solfångare

15

16 AREA MAIN ASPECT OTHER ASPECTS MEASUREMENT CO 2 LCA per panel Sunscape Index TM

17 21 maj 2013 ÅRSTAFÄLTET

18 DIGITAL MATERIAL GIVEN BY THE CITY 3D Buildings Trees Topography Programme

19 Solar Potential simulation Viritual Environment (IES)

20 Solar Potential simulation Viritual Environment (IES)

21 Electricity: Hot water: Heating: PV / Hydro / Wind ST / CHP / geothermal ST / CHP / geothermal EU Directive on Energy Performance on Buildings (EBDE) Nearly zero energy buildings maj 2013

22 A building or a CLUSTER of buildings, depending on where the system boundary is put, is characterised by a certain load, but also by some sort of energy generation in case of Net ZEB - from a paper on net zero buildings Task 40 from EuroSun 21 maj 2013 Roofs marked with yellow will have a total annual radiation against the flat surface of 800 kwh/m2 or more. Roofs marked with red are shaded and thus, do not receive 800 kwh/m kwh/m2 is our proposed level when active solar energy conversion is economically viable. That level can of course change as technology evolves, for different countries and in relation to energy prices.

23 CCCCCCCCCCCC mmmmmm EEEEEE YYYYY ppp pppppppp = EEEEEE DDDDDD With the assumption of local production of 50% heating + 100% electricity Heating demand + electricity demand Properties marked with dark green can produce more heating and electricity respectivly than its own demand annualy, based on general assumptions: max 55 kwh/m 2, annually, divided into 15 kwh/m 2 annual heating 25 kwh/m 2 annual hot water 15 kwh/m 2 annual electricity 21 maj 2013

24 IEA TASK 51: SOLAR ENERGY IN URBAN PLANNING Subtask A: Legal framework, barriers and opportunities Subtask B: Processes, methods and tools Subtask C: Case stories and case studies and action research Subtask D: Education and dissemination Timeframe: The scope of the Task includes solar energy issues related to: - New urban area development - Existing urban area development - Sensitive/protected landscapes

25 IEA TASK 51: SOLAR ENERGY IN URBAN PLANNING Subtask A: Legal framework, barriers and opportunities Subtask B: Processes, methods and tools Subtask C: Case stories and case studies and action research Subtask D: Education and dissemination Timeframe: The scope of the Task includes solar energy issues related to: - New urban area development - Existing urban area development - Sensitive/protected landscapes