ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN SCHOOLS SAVING ENERGY, IMPROVING PERFORMANCE, AND REDUCING COSTS

Transcription

1 FACILITIES MANAGERS CONFERENCE MAY 21, 2012 ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN SCHOOLS SAVING ENERGY, IMPROVING PERFORMANCE, AND REDUCING COSTS Laurie Gilmer, P.E., CFM, SFP, LEED AP O+M, CxA

2 Agenda The importance of energy management Benchmarking performance Tools and strategies for improvement Energy saving technologies

3 Agenda The importance of energy management Benchmarking performance Tools and strategies for improvement Energy saving technologies

4 Energy and GHG Trends CO2 Emissions (Million Metric Tons) Buildings Total Energy U.S. Total Energy Buildings Total GHGs Energy Consumption (Quadrillion Btu) Data Source: 2010 Buildings Energy Data Book

5 Energy Use in the U.S. Commercial Buildings (18%) Other, 13% Lights, 26% Industry 32% Buildings 40% Water Heat, 7% Heating, 14% Cooling, 13% Ventilation, 6% Office Equipment, 6% Transportation 28% Refrigeration, 4% Computers, 3% Cooking, 2% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% Data Source: 2010 Buildings Energy Data Book

6 The Building Context The U.S. has million residential and 4.9 million commercial buildings In 2008 these buildings accounted for: 40% Energy Consumed 22% Residential 18% Commercial 39% CO 2 Emissions 9.7% Water (2005) Improvement potential: 30% Source: 2010 Buildings Energy Data Book

7 Electricity Costs Over Time Commercial Electric Rate, cents/kwh US Energy Information Administration projects average electricity prices to increase by more than 2% annually between now and % increase from 1990 to Year source:

8 Cost of Energy in Schools In ,000 public and private U.S. K-12 schools spent $12 billion on energy -Department of Energy

9 Energy Intensity in K-12 Schools

10 Energy Use Breakdown in Schools Source: Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey, 1999

11 Value of Energy Management Average cost of utilities: $2.56/square foot (IFMA Operations and Maintenance Benchmarks, 2009) Most facilities can find 10% energy savings

12 The Future of Buildings The Net-Zero & High Performance Buildings Vision Enable design of new buildings and retrofits of existing buildings that over the life cycle: Produce as much energy as they consume and significantly reduce GHGs Double service life of building materials, products, and systems and minimize life cycle impacts Halve the use of domestic water (to 50 gal/day/person), maximize water recycling and rainwater harvesting, and minimize storm water runoff Achieve breakthrough improvements in indoor occupant health, productivity, and comfort

13 The Future of Buildings The Net-Zero Energy Commercial Buildings Initiative any commercial building constructed % of U.S. commercial building stock all commercial buildings

14 The Future of Buildings Transformational Advances Needed 1. Develop the enabling measurement science to achieve net-zero energy, sustainable high-performance building technologies 2. Develop net-zero energy building technologies and strategies 3. Develop the scientific and technical bases for significant reductions in water use and improved rainwater retention. 4. Develop processes, protocols, and products for building materials that minimize resource utilization, waste, and life cycle environmental impacts. 5. Develop the knowledge and associated energy efficiency technologies and practices needed to promote occupant health, comfort, and productivity. 6. Enable technology transfer for net-zero energy, high-performance green buildings.

15 Sustainability in Schools Place greater emphasis on building systems, their interrelationships, and overall performance. Place greater emphasis on operations and maintenance practices over the lifetime of a building. Commissioning.should include lighting control, indoor air quality, lighting, and acoustics. Building systems and features should be monitored. From Green Schools: Attributes for Health and Learning, National Research Council, Committee to Review and Assess the Health and Productivity Benefits of Green Schools

16 Importance of Energy Management Economic benefits Reduced Operating Costs Increased Return on Investment Environmental benefits Emissions Reduction Prevent Pollution Social benefits Productive learning environment

17 Industry Shift Toward Voluntary & Mandatory Performance Disclosure Source: ENERGY STAR

18 Agenda The importance of energy management Benchmarking performance Tools and strategies for improvement Energy saving technologies

19 Benchmarking Performance Energy Utilization Index (EUI) - measure of the total energy consumption over the course of a year, kbtu/sf Pros: Industry standard approach Simple to calculate Easy to compare buildings year-to-year Cons: Not weather-normalized Does not account for building use factors.

20 Benchmarking Benchmarking Performance Tools ENERGY STAR rating benchmark of energy consumption over the course of a year Pros: Weather-normalized Accounts for building use factors Track facility performance Assist with achieving EPA Recognition & LEED certifications Cons: Not available for all building types

21 Benchmarking Energy Performance Standardized Metric of Energy Performance Compare Efficiency Across Country (Scale of 1-100) Normalize Energy Consumption ENERGY STAR buildings: Use 35% less energy than average buildings Cost $0.54 less per square foot to operate when compared to an average building ($2.10/sf less than a below-average building) Prevent 25 billion pounds a year of greenhouse gas emissions, relative to typical facilities

22 Benchmarking Performance Energy Efficiency Score = 75 Energy Star Label Potential Rating system models based on US DOE s Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)

23 Benchmarking Energy Performance Making sense of the rating 1 49 New equipment & best practices Capital Budget Best practices & equipment upgrades Operating Budget Congratulations! Build on your success

24 Benchmarking Energy Performance Making the data work for you: Benchmark with your peers Develop database of like facilities Share best practices Building Type State Current Rating (1-100) Total Floor Space (Sq. Ft.) Current Site Energy Intensity (EUI) (kbtu/sq. Ft.) Current Weather Normalized Source Energy Intensity (Source EUI) (kbtu/sq. Ft.) Current Total GHG Emissions (MtCO2e) K-12 School Georgia , , K-12 School Virginia 88 61, K-12 School Virginia 76 92,

25 Benchmarking Energy Performance

26 New Doesn t Always Equal Efficient Number of Buildings 39% of buildings with a rating of 75 or better are less than 25 years old 42% of buildings with a rating between 25 and 74 are less than 25 years old 35% of buildings with a rating between 0 and 24 are less than 25 years old Top performing buildings use 3 to 4 times less energy per ft 2 than the worst performers. Newer buildings are equally represented across all quartiles. Based on a sample of 4,000 buildings nationwide Best Performers EPA Performance Rating Worst Performers

27 Case Study: VSP Vision Care Facility Overview 152,000 SF 9,700 SF Data Center 15 years old Fully automated Goal = LEED Platinum Certification

28 Case Study: VSP Vision Care Minimum Required Energy Star Score = 60 Starting Energy Star Score = 29!

29 Case Study: VSP Vision Care Building 30% Data Center 70%

30 Energy Efficiency Case Study: VSP Vision Care

31 Agenda The importance of energy management Benchmarking performance Tools and strategies for improvement Energy saving technologies

32 Tools and Strategies for Improvement 1. Make Commitment 2. Assess Performance 3. Set Goals 4. Create Action Plan 5. Implement Action Plan 6. Evaluate Progress 7. Recognize Achievements

33 Tools and Strategies for Improvement 6 biggest energy wasters: Equipment running more than needed Cooling or heating air more than needed Cooling or heating water more than needed Simultaneous heating and cooling Moving too much air Moving too much water (Portland Energy Conservation Inc.)

34 Tools and Strategies for Improvement Building Automation System Programming Equipment running longer than desired Incorrect or undesired equipment set-points Undesired operating configurations Under-use of trending and other BAS capabilities TEMP (deg F) :00:00 5/11/2010 AHU-1C SOUTH EXHIBIT HALL 0:00:00 5/12/2010 0:00:00 5/13/2010 0:00:00 5/14/2010 0:00:00 5/15/2010 0:00:00 5/16/2010 Room Temperature Supply Air Temperature Mode 0:00:00 5/17/2010 0:00:00 5/18/2010 0:15:00 5/19/2010 0:30:00 5/20/2010 0:45:00 5/21/2010 1:00:00 5/22/2010 1:15:00 5/23/2010 1:30:00 5/24/ Mode

35 Tools and Strategies for Improvement Develop a Purchasing Policy that requires purchases to meet efficiency standards ENERGY STAR certified equipment ASHRAE 90.1 compliant equipment Replacement of old equipment with efficient equivalents Premium efficiency motors Variable speed technology

36 Energy Audits ECM No. High Rise (Washington, D.C.) ECM Title Electric Energy (kwh/yr) Peak Demand (kw) Annual Savings Water/ Sewer (kgal/yr) Nat. Gas. (Therms/ yr) Cost ($/yr) Implementation Cost ($) Simple Payback (yrs.) 1 Estimated Project Lifetime (yrs.) Capital Expenditures Lighting: 7 Replace T12 lamps/magnetic ballasts with T8 lamps/electronic ballasts 8 Replace incandescent lamps with compact fluorescents 30, N/A N/A $3,442 $6, Yrs Varies 26, N/A (431) $2,473 $ Yrs 2 4 Yrs 9 Replace fluorescent exit signs with LED units 7, N/A N/A $900 $5, Yrs 10 + Yrs 10 Install motion sensors at select areas (offices, restrooms, conference rooms) 6,000 - N/A N/A $684 $1, Yrs 15 + Yrs Water Conservation: 11 Replace shower head with low flow units N/A N/A 2,252 7,176 $19,388 $26, Yrs Yrs Replace aerators at lavatories/ kitchen sinks Replace toilets with low-flow/ dual flush models N/A N/A 408 1,854 $5,439 $17, Yrs Yrs N/A N/A 3,440 N/A $25,835 $116, Yrs 25 + Yrs Source: Portland Energy Conservation, Inc.

37 Energy Audits

38 Commissioning Commissioning Re-Commissioning Retro-Commissioning Brand New Tested Before Never Tested 38

39 Commissioning Benefits of Commissioning Increased Energy Efficiency Improved Indoor Air Quality Better Understanding of Systems Fewer Occupant Complaints More Integrated Overall Design and Operation of Building System

40 Commissioning Commissioning Commissioning of existing facilities typically Costs $ $0.40 per SF 5-20% annual energy savings 0.5 to 2 year payback Source: Portland Energy Conservation, Inc.

41 Rebates and Rebates Incentives and Federal State Local Utility

42 Commissioning Communicating Value Example Commissioning Highlights: Sequences of operations not operating correctly Economizers: $ 360 cost to implement $3,980 annual savings Heating: $1,440 cost to implement $1,440 rebate $6,109 annual savings Morning warm-up: $ 360 cost to implement $2,801 annual savings

43 Agenda The importance of energy management Benchmarking performance Tools and strategies for improvement Energy saving technologies

44 Combined Heat & Power Micro-CHP Systems Combines internal combustion engine generator or fuel cell with a space and/or water heating device. Produces heat and electricity Captures waste heat from the electric generation for space heating Suitable for residential and small commercial applications EPA estimates a typical home in a cold climate could reduce CO2 emissions by 20 30% ENERGY STAR Emerging Technology Award winners ECR International Marathon ecopower

45 Coil Coatings Corrosion resistance Durability and life cycle Heat transfer and thickness Hydrophobicity Toxicity Cost

46 Building Envelope Thermal loads in buildings Interior supplemental window system Roof & Walls Windows Source: thermolitewindows.com

47 Waste to Energy On-site conversion of non-recyclable trash into electricity Gasification process reaction of materials at high heat + oxygen or steam produces syngas Converts 95% waste into usable energy 3-4 year payback Source: Turn trash into energy in your office parking lot, Martin LaMonica, cnet

48 Equipment Controls RTU Controller Optimizes outside air Connects economizer damper, fan, and compressor Demand-limiting capability Can interface with other systems

49 Metering Where to meter How much to meter Types of metering Benefits Estimated Metering Action Savings Wireless meters 0-2% Energy billing 2.5-5% Measurement & verification 15-45% Awareness 5-15% Data Source: Guidance for Electric Metering in Federal Buildings Submetering provides the operations and maintenance transparency necessary to enable more efficient management of energy and water resources. - Submetering of Building Energy and Water Usage, National Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology

50 Wireless Lighting Controls Flexibility Reduced installation cost Improved controllability Commercial Buildings (18%) Other, 13% Source: UC Berkeley, Center for the Built Environment Lights, 26% Heating, 14% Cooling, 13% Refrigeration, 4% Computers, 3% Cooking, 2% Water Heat, 7% Ventilation, 6% Office Equipment, 6% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% Source: Lighting Controls Association

51 Wireless Power Current uses: Device chargers Sensor power Future applications: Wireless sensors in buildings Lighting Device controllers

52 What Else Can You Do? Education and training Maintain systems and equipment Building practices Daytime cleaning Thermal comfort policies Purchasing energy smart equipment

53 Case Study: NEA NEA Headquarters, at a glance: 470,000 SF Washington, DC Constructed in 1936, renovated in 1991 Began certification effort in 2007 Internal Team 7 people Facilities Group External Team

54 Case Study: NEA Started with a rating of 63 Set up schedules within the building control system to shut the air handling units off when zones were unoccupied Used economizer mode on air handling units during cooler weather to avoid running chiller plant Minimized/eliminated use of steam humidifiers within 19 air handling units and rebuilt/replaced steam traps. Programmed Optimized Start for air handlers with Energy Management Control System (EMCS) Purchased ENERGY STAR equipment Installed variable frequency drives for cooling tower fans Installed motion sensors in restrooms

55 Case Study: NEA 10% Reduction in energy costs in Year 1 Total Project Cost = $45,445 $16,800 for Energy Audit $28,645 on Energy Conservation Measures $365,000 Total Savings Year Annual Energy ENERGY Costs STAR Rating 2007 $1,287, $1,161, $1,050, $913,764 (Estimated) 87 (Estimated) $738,000 in Baseline Savings * (2010 Savings Estimated) * Savings calculated assuming a constant 2007 energy cost over 2008 and Received ENERGY STAR Label in 2009 Current score 82

56 Summary Facility Managers are uniquely positioned Improve facility performance Provide feedback that engages others in making improvements Manage the life cycle of buildings in a way that enhances efficiency, productivity, health, and safety

57 Resources Guidance for Electric Metering in Federal Buildings (DOE/EE-0312), February 3, Buildings Energy Data Book, U.S. Department of Energy, Submetering of Energy and Water Usage, Analysis and Recommendations of the Subcommittee on Buildings Technology Research and Development, National Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology, Subcommittee on Building Technology Research and Development, October IFMA: ENERGY STAR

58 Thanks! Laurie Gilmer, P.E., CFM, LEED AP, CxA