Marine sustainability in an age of changing oceans and seas (EASAC policy report 28, January 2016) Comments on the report from Slovenian perspective

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1 Marine sustainability in an age of changing oceans and seas (EASAC policy report 28, January 2016) Comments on the report from Slovenian perspective Andreja Ramšak Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo Morska biološka postaja Piran Fornače Piran, Slovenija

2 FIRST LOCATION ( ) Marine Biology Station Piran to date

3 Staff 19 researchers 4 doctoral students 4 technicians 2 administrative MARINE BIOLOGY STATION PIRAN Infrastructure diving base instrumental centre IC MBP laboratories congress hall lecture rooms dormitorium International networks LifeWatch-SI, EUROMARINE CIESM, MARS, IOC-UNESCO, MED POL EuroGOOS, mediterranean network MonGOOS, EmodNET Experts for algae blooms (HAB), pollution (Barcelona Convention, MED POL), national expert groups

4 46 km coastline = 1/1000 of Mediterranean coastline

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6 MISSION AND VISION OF MBS MISSION: high level understanding of coastal marine systems How we achieve our mission? o Excellent basic and applied research o To develop marine observing system and monitoring o To support marine environmental politics o To fulfill societal needs by rising the knowledge about marine environment and sustainable development VISION: internationally recognised partner in marine scientific programmes, the leading marine institution in the country, creating partnerships among academic institutions, governmental agencies, industries and other stakeholders

7 COASTAL SEA RESEARCH ARRS- Slovenian Research Agency, P1-0237, climate and anthropogenic drivers on coastal ecosystem variability robustness and resilience are key characteristics of a healthy ecosystem Ecology of plankton, benthos Biodiversity (genetic diversity, species, habitat) Dynamics of currents and waves of the coastal sea (prognosis, modelling) Biogeochemistry of sediments and carbon cycling Marine pollution and effects on organisms, ecosystems and coastal zone management MSFD and WD assessment

8 Goals: COASTAL SEA RESEARCH ARRS- Slovenian Research Agency, P1-0237, Knowledge and understanding of marine ecosystem fuctioning - Understanding of structural characteristics and functioning of coastal ecosystems - Development of efficient observational systems at the sea - Understanding and prognosis based on conceptual, empirical and numeric models - Study of anthropogenic effects on coastal area

9 Monitoring Assessment of GES according to national and EU legislation (WFD 2000/60/EC, MSFD 2008/56/EC) ARSO (hydrological monitoring (buoy Vida- HF radar, biological elements, environmental parameters) monitoring harmful algae (HAB) (Ministry of agriculture, forestry and food)

10 Infrastructure at NIB-MBS

11 Oceanographic buoy Vida NIB-MBS Infrastructural Centre IC MBP

12 EDUCATION AND CONSUELLING researchers are tutors to domestic and foreign graduates and master and doctorate postgraduates Undergraduate and graduate courses at four Slovenian universities and one foreign (Univ TS) Courses for teachers and professors (teaching at elementary and high school levels) International courses for students from European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Switzerland) visiting MBS Preparation of popular articles for the media Preparation of various materials (books, CDs)

13 t " PROMOTION OF SCIENCE monographs, CDs, underwater photography, videos Science Fair, Madrid Kids and sea: paintings, web page "Zanimivosti o morju" (IOI kids ) plays International Ocean Institute (IOI)

14 52 th European Marine Biology Symposium

15 Rationale (EASAC policy report 28, January 2016) Under the EU s blue growth strategy, new marine goods and services, such as marine renewable energy, marine biotechnology and marine minerals are seen as important sources of employment, economic security and sustainable development. Threats - intensification of climate change and acidification of the oceans will have devastating consequences for marine biodiversity and productivity at regional and global scale What to do The EU integrated maritime policy and MSFD express a determination to use an ecosystem approach for the integrated management of human activities Effective implementation of MSFD ensure sustainable use of the seas based on ecosystem approach and express health of ecosystem through concept of good environmental status (GES) Fishery policy must be used for securing and end of overfishing, minimise harmful impacts of fishing on marine ecosystems Marine protected areas must be used as conservation tools, networking based on pelagic connectivity to enable recovery of fish stock and support GES at basin level The scientific understanding of marine systems is constantly evolving and policy making and policy implementation must recognise these uncertainties and drive efforts to address them.

16 Aims (EASAC policy report 28, January 2016) - Useful in the further development and implementation of EU marine and maritime policy - Organisation of supporting science needed to inform and guide this policies - Growth in marine and maritime policymaking within EU the concept of the ecosystem approach to guide sustainable use of the seas - Contributing to the governance challenge how to integrate the various aspects of marine policy (fisheries management, biodiversity conservation and marine environmental protection) as part of coherent ecosystem approach - Current science knowledge on marine ecosystems and the organisation of science can support integrated approach to management of the seas - The report presents both recommendations from science for policy development and recommendations on policy for science (Jos WM van der Meer and Vladimir Šucha (EASAC policy report 28, January 2016))

17 Recommendations for development and implementation of policy for marine sustainability (1) (EASAC policy report 28, January 2016) Climate change transformation to a carbon free economy, mitigation of carbon emission, carbon emissions reductions, stimulating alternative technologies Implementing ecosystem-based management holistic ecosystem approach, concerted application of the goals under MSFD, closer integration of marine environment, maritime, marine fisheries, marine nature policies Impact assessment and maritime spatial planning integrated implementation of the MSFD, the marine spatial planning directive and nature directives for coordinated planning and management of the seascape, defining what level of disturbance constitues too much disturbance, independent analysis

18 Recommendations for development and implementation of policy for marine sustainability (2) (EASAC policy report 28, January 2016) Towards increased and sustainable ocean harvest bring fisheries exploitation to sustainable levels by ending overfishing and minimizing harmful impacts of fishery on marine environment exploring the potential for ecologically efficient aquaculture and sustainable seafood from species from lower levels of marine food webs Networks of marine protected areas commitment to understand water movements and ecological connections between ecologically important and vulnerable areas and built into the developments of networks of MPA Organising and focusing marine science to support marine sustainability fostering innovation and in the marine and maritime economy H2020 as a key mechanism for improving marine knowledge to support MSFD and IMP

19 Recommendations for organising and focusing marine science to support marine sustainability (1) (EASAC policy report 28, January 2016) Building knowledge on increasing the ecological efficiency of ocean harvest -sustainable seafood biomass from lower levels in the marine food webs and developing ecologically efficient aquaculture Building an integrated knowledge base for marine sustainability -biological observations, sustained long term network of time series, observatories at coastal marine research stations, within MPA, along ocean transects - large and diverse datasets assembled by EU infrastructure need to be tested to support knowledge building across research and operational activities - improve quality and quantity of biodiversity data, relevant for MSFD (scarce in comparison with other data)

20 Recommendations for organising and focusing marine science to support marine sustainability (2) (EASAC policy report 28, January 2016) Research priorities holistic and integrative research (description and characterization of marine biodiversity, quantifying marine species interactions and their adaptation to changing conditions, including benthic-pelagic coupling, developing integrated models of socioeconomic benefits from the sea and pressures that threats to ecosystems and biodiversity building scenarios to explore future responses of marine ecosystems under anthropogenic and natural forces, mitigation of the effects of climate change Human capacity building developing human expertise in the integration of individual marine sciences to support data interpretation Training of graduate scientists capable of interdisciplinary integrative marine science European Marine University, Erazmus Mundus mobility Science in society develop ocean literacy through European Marine Science Educators Association, more outreach on EU and national funds, developing communicational and outreach skills

21 Policy and science context Ensuring effective ecosystem-based management Managing the environmental impact of human activitities Towards an increased and sustainable ocean harvest Networking of marine protected areas within an ecosystem approach Building an integrated knowledge base for marine sustainability Science for marine sustainability Issues (EASAC policy report 28, January 2016)

22 Policy and science context (EASAC policy report 28, January 2016) EU policies and directives relevant to marine sustainability - Integrated maritime policy - Common fisheries policy - Marine Strategy Framework Directive MSFD ( /EC) - Marine spatial planning directive ( /EU) - Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) - Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) - Birds Directive (2009/147/EC, 79/409/EEC) - Invasive alien species regulation (1143/204) Marine science networks and coordination initiatives relevant to EU marine policy - European Marine Board - International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) - Mediterranean Science Commission (CIESM) - JPI Oceans (Healthy and productive Seas and Oceans) - SEAs ERA - ERA NET scheme - Euromarine - European Network of Marine Research Institutes and Stations (MARS)

23 Towards an increased and sustainable ocean harvest (EASAC policy report 28, January 2016) Issues: Key societal challenges increase the pressure on marine living resources Compared to land, the ocean appears underutilised as food provider for human population The apparent paradox of concurrent overfishing and underutilisation Increased sustainable harvest-the way forward Harvesting lower in the food chain Ecologically efficient mariculture Good practices Support fisherman for collaboration, introduce new practices, fishing gears, promotion of local food, traceability and local brand, diversification of fishery, international cooperation on stock assessment and recovery, Marine knowledge 2020-e.g. EMODNET Drawbacks minimise impact of invasive species (Mnemiopsis, jellyfish, fish, crustaceans ) Opportunities Strengthen collaboration between academic and research institutions in Slovenia and regionally, educate new generations for interdisciplinary solving problems at different levels, topics being included into study (1st and 2nd cycle)

24 Building an integrated knowledge base for marine sustainability (EASAC policy report 28, January 2016) Issues: Environmental change and biodiversity assessment require a flexible observational strategy and a long term network of observatories is needed (MARS network, CPR, EMBRIC, LifeWatch, elter, MoonGOOS, EuroGOOS, IMAP, IPHAB ) Private sector use of the sea has a role to play in monitoring and observation European action on marine observation needs coordination Knowledge generation requires a systematic management of marine data through a unified European data infrastructure Design principles for data infrastructure Knowledge generation requires open and available data Accessible, reliable and interoperable data Information technology choices should reflect technological trends and future demands Active process for assessing data are essential

25 Building an integrated knowledge base for marine sustainability (EASAC policy report 28, January 2016) Good practices (MARS network, CPR, EMBRIC, LifeWatch, elter, MoonGOOS, EuroGOOS, IMAP, IPHAB ) Drawbacks Adoption of Nagoya protocol, related with omics and biotechnological exploitation of genetic and other resources, CBD Opportunities Strengthen collaboration between academic and research institutions in Slovenia and regionally and at EU level (Univ Ghent, marine science) Exploitation of capacities and strengthen joint research work

26 Science for marine sustainability (EASAC policy report 28, January 2016) Human capacity building Training of the next generation of marine specialists provide them to deliver science to support marine sustainability- understanding systems and their interactions From science to society Partnership between governments, industry scientists and public stakeholders Scientists and educators can efficiently communicate about state of knowledge on marine ecosystems and uncertainties, fostering appreciation of the ocean s influence on biosphere and society - MSFD and integrated maritime policy need to engage society to achieve their aims - Outreach, presenting reports in clear and accessible style - Citizen science (jellywatch, marine litter, sustained outreach programs) Developing science for marine sustainability - Research at international level - Effective selection mechanism - Viability of national marine research

27 Science for marine sustainability (EASAC policy report 28, January 2016) Good practices Marine biology study joint study between NIB, UP, UniTs Drawbacks Current no interdisciplinary study on marine science, scattered on different institutions, disciplines Weak collaboration with industry and SME Opportunities Strengthen collaboration between academic and research institutions in Slovenia and regionally and at EU level (Univ Ghent, marine science) Exploitation of capacities and strengthen joint research work Combination of novel and traditional ways to study biodiversity, other disciplines, marine biotechnology, -omics approaches and cooperation with infrastructure LifeWatch, elter, Elexir, EMBRIC, Support citizen science