TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient s Catalog No.

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1 TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient s Catalog No. FHWA/TX-04/ P2 4. Title and Subtitle Best Practices for Pavement Edge Maintenance, District Survey 5. Report Date May Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) William D. Lawson, P.E., M. Shabbir Hossain, Ph.D., P.E. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address Texas Tech University Department of Civil Engineering Box Lubbock, Texas Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Texas Department of Transportation Research and Technology Implementation Office P.O. Box 5080 Austin, TX Performing Organization Report Product P2 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) 11. Contract or Grant No Type of Report and Period Covered: Product, 9/1/2001 through 8/31/ Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract: The objectives for this research to identify and to effectively communicate best practices for pavement edge maintenance were accomplished by capturing over 3700 years of institutional knowledge from maintenance leaders representing all 25 Districts of TxDOT. The research focuses on maintenance practices for naturally-occurring edge drop-offs with an emphasis on low-volume roads. The key factors causing edge drop-offs are narrow road width/ absence of shoulders, traffic volume/type, and adverse environmental conditions. Tracy s Law, If you lose the edge, you lose the road, provides a key perspective on meeting these challenges and emphasizes that good edge maintenance strategy is not only important in achieving good roads, but without good edge maintenance, a District cannot achieve good roads. Edge maintenance practices and procedures fall into three broad categories: awareness, preventive maintenance, and edge repair techniques. Road widening both in-house using TxDOT forces and by formal contract emerged as the ultimate practice for long-term treatment of edge problems. Districts use conventional, in-house-modified, and commerciallymanufactured equipment specifically dealing with pavement edge maintenance to address the edge drop-off issue. Due to the significant financial resources devoted to pavement edge maintenance, several tools are used to better plan and allocate edge maintenance funds. 17. Key Words Pavement Maintenance, Edge Drop-off, Shoulders, Preventive Maintenance, Edge Repair, Best Practices, FM Road System, Road Widening, Equipment, Planning, Materials, Specification 18. Distribution Statement 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 725 Form DOT F (8-72) 22. Price i

2 BEST PRACTICES FOR PAVEMENT EDGE MAINTENANCE DISTRICT SURVEY by William D. Lawson, P.E. And M. Shabbir Hossain, Ph.D., P.E. Product Number P2 Project Number Project Title: Improving Edge Repair and Stabilization conducted for the Texas Department of Transportation in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration by the CENTER FOR MULTIDISCIIPLINARY RESEARCH IN TRANSPORTATION TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY May 2004 ii

3 AUTHOR S DISCLAIMER The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official view of policies of the Texas Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. PATENT DISCLAIMER There was no invention or discovery conceived or first actually reduced to practice in the course of or under this contract, including any art, method, process, machine, manufacture, design or composition of matter, or any new useful improvement thereof, or any variety of plant which is or may be patentable under the patent laws of the United States of America or any foreign country. ENGINEERING DISCLAIMER Not intended for construction, bidding, or permit purposes. TRADE NAMES AND MANUFACTURERS NAMES The United States Government and the State of Texas do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of this report. iii

4 Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. iv

5 Implementation Statement This project identified best practices for pavement edge maintenance by capturing over 3700 years of institutional knowledge from TxDOT maintenance leaders. These best practices for pavement edge maintenance were communicated to over 500 TxDOT maintenance personnel through a series of half-day, regional training workshops covering the entire State. This initial training effort can be implemented more widely and deeply within TxDOT through on-going training and follow-on research efforts. v

6 Symbol Whenl You K~ow Multiply By To F1"d Symbol Ill Symbol LENGTH in inches 25.4 millime ers mm mm millime! rs inches in It feet meters m m meters 3.28 feet ft yd yards meters m m meters 1.09 yards yd mi mila!: 1.61 kilome rs km km kilomet rs miles mi AREA AREA in 2 square inches square millime! rs mm 2 mm2 square illimete s sq"wers in 2 ft2 square feet square meters m2 mz square eters square fe t ft2 yd1- square yards square meters mz mz square eters square y ds yd'- ac acres hectar s ha ha hectare 2.47 acres ac mi 2 sou are miles 2.59 square kilomete s km 2 km 2 square ilometer sauare m les mi 2 II oz '""t VOLUME VOLUME..,T fl.,; millilite s ml ml milliliter gal gallons ~tars L L liters gallons gal It' cubic t cubic eters m3 m3 cubic m ters cubic fee It' ydl cubic y ds cubic eters m3 m3 cubic m ters cubic yar s ydl 1000 I shall be shown in m 3. oz oz ouncel J MASS MASS grams g g grams ounces j J oz lb pound kilogra s kg kg kilogram pounds lb T shortt ns ( lb) megag ams Mg Mg megagr ms short ton (2000 I l T (or m tric ton") (or "t") (or "t") (or"me c ton") PERATURE (ex~ct) TEM ERATURE F Fahrenheit 5(F-32)/9 Celcius c c Celcius 1.8C + 32 Fahrenheit I F or (F-32)11.8 temper ture LLUMINATION Ill!ILLUMINATION fc foot-ai~dlec-r lux L lx lx lux Jn foot-candts fc II foot-l.amberts candel m 2 cd/m 2 cd/m 2 candel foot-lam rts H lbf poundf: rce 4.45 I newton N N newtons poundfor ~ lbf lbflin 2 poundf rce per 6.89 kilo pas :als kpa kpa kilopasc Is poundfor fa per lbflin 2 square in h System of Units. Appropriate (Revised~ ptemberl 1 993) vi

7 TABLE OF CONTENTS O1/PAR Paris...Tab 1 02/FTW Ft. Worth...Tab 2 Exhibit 2: Lee Boy Manufacturer Information 03/WFS Wichita Falls...Tab 3 Exhibit 2: General Notes and Specifications Data 04/AMA Amarillo...Tab 4 05/LBB Lubbock...Tab 5 06/ODA Odessa...Tab 6 Exhibit 2: Required Edge Maintenance Standards Exhibit 3: Routine Maintenance Contract Pavement Edges 07/SJT San Angelo...Tab 7 Exhibit 2: TxDOT Maintenance Manual Reference Exhibit 3: Maintenance Work Plan 08/ABL Abilene...Tab 8 Exhibit 2: Typical Sections, Road Widening Detail 09/WAC Waco...Tab 9 Exhibit 2: One Year Plan vii

8 10/TYL Tyler...Tab 10 Exhibit 2: Product Information Exhibit 3: 1990 Maintenance Specification 11/LFK Lufkin...Tab 11 Exhibit 2: Plan Sheet 12/HOU Houston...Tab 12 Exhibit 2. Sample Road Widening Plan 13/YKM Yoakum...Tab 13 14/AUS Austin...Tab 14 Exhibit 2: Special Uses of Pavement Markings Exhibit 3: Typical Section, Pavement Edge Repair Detail 15/SAT San Antonio...Tab 15 Exhibit 2: TxDOT Maintenance Manual, Part 2, Maintenance Operations, Pages 2-89 to 2-93 Exhibit 3: Specifications for Edge Repair Exhibit 4: Typical Cross Section for Road Widening 16/CRP Corpus Christi...Tab 16 Exhibit 2: Moon Paver Manufacturer s Info 17/BRY Bryan...Tab 17 Exhibit 2: Bryan District s PEERs Program Exhibit 3: Huntsville Area Office Edge Repair Specifications viii

9 18/DAL Dallas...Tab 18 Exhibit 2: Plans of Proposed State Highway Improvements: Navarro County, Texas 19/ATL Atlanta...Tab 19 Exhibit 2: Special Specification /BMT Beaumont...Tab 20 21/PHR Pharr...Tab 21 Exhibit 2: Upgrade Pavements Less than 24 Spreadsheet Exhibit 3: Tyler District Edge Repair Specification 22/LRD Laredo...Tab 22 Exhibit 2: Laredo District TxMAP Rating Form 23/BWD Brownwood...Tab 23 Exhibit 2: Risk Management to Reduce Tort Liability Exhibit 3: Road Widening, Typical Section Exhibit 4: HTC Model 1200 & Model 1800 Conveyors Fact Sheet Exhibit 5: Plan Sheet and Roadway Design Manual guidelines 24/ELP El Paso...Tab 24 Exhibit 2: Product InformationTexas Soil Control, Inc., magnesium chloride solution 25/CHS Childress...Tab 25 Exhibit 2: Childress District Narrow Road Widening Plan ix