Pathways to Performance: University Research Industry Will Use

Transcription

1 Pathways to Performance: University Research Industry Will Use John P. Benner BAPVC Executive Director SEMI PV ADVANCED MANUFACTURING FORUM July 7, 2014 This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-EE Bay Area Photovoltaic Consortium

2 BAPVC Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency hereof. Bay Area Photovoltaic Consortium 2

3 BAPVC Purpose Support university research nationwide to develop and test innovative new materials, device structures, and fabrication processes necessary to produce cost-effective PV modules in high volumes. Provide a vibrant forum for interaction among industry and academic experts to address critical challenges in PV module manufacturing. Create and transfer innovative technologies to industry for development and application in 3-5 years. Bay Area Photovoltaic Consortium 3

4 BAPVC Vision Creating PV technology that industry will use. Collaboration Innovation Application Bay Area Photovoltaic Consortium 4

5 BAPVC Revolutionary Approach Applied research moving technology from university to industry in 3-5 years Technology supporting manufacture of modules at $0.50/W price Premise: Interaction among the leading scientists from both industry and university communities will catalyze generation of the disruptive ideas that can change the face of PV manufacturing in the United States. Bay Area Photovoltaic Consortium 5

6 BAPVC Founders PV Manufacturing Initiative Lead Institutions Partner Institutions Bay Area Photovoltaic Consortium 6

7 BAPVC Industry Members and Participants Bay Area Photovoltaic Consortium 7

8 BAPVC Research Members Investigator Institution Investigator Institution High Performance & Multijunctions Thin Film PV Ali Javey Berkeley Bruce Clemens Stanford James S. Harris Stanford Stacey Bent Stanford Paul McIntyre Stanford Michael Toney SLAC Michael McGehee Stanford Greg Hanket Delaware Eli Yablonovitch Berkeley Hugh Hillhouse Washington Yong-Hang Zhang ASU Scott Dunham Washington Tonio Buonassisi MIT Mark Lonergan Oregon Peter Bermel Purdue Mike Scarpulla Utah Photon Mgmt & Transparent Conductors Colin Wolden CSM Mark Brongersma Stanford Chris Ferekides USF Shanhui Fan Stanford Delia Milliron LBNL Wladek Walukiewicz, Joel Ager LBNL Peidong Yang Berkeley Ning Wu CSM Kaustav Banerjee UC SB Harry Atwater Caltech Silicon Absorbers and Cells Reliability, Encapsulation & Barrier Layers Yi Cui Stanford Reinhold Dauskardt Stanford Sanjay Banerjee Texas Roger French Case Western Stuart Bowden ASU Rachal Segalman, Jeffery Urban Berkeley Maikel van Hest NREL Bernard Kippelen, Samuel Graham GIT Vivek Subramanian Berkeley Process Cost Analysis Mike Woodhouse NREL Bay Area Photovoltaic Consortium 8

9 Towards High Performance Thin-Film InP Solar Cells from Non-Epitaxial Processes Ali Javey Group Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California, Berkeley Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Bay Area PV Consortium 20 µm

10 Motivation 10 Need: High efficiency at low cost Background: III-V PVs deliver the highest efficiencies Challenge: Cost CAPEX

11 Cost analysis of III-V solar cells Substrate reuse 0 time 20 times Precursor utilization $100 30% 50 times 50% 500 times 80% 11 Solar cells on III-V wafer $100/W Equipment depreciation, labor, and maintenance etc. Grid parity

12 12 Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth Example Case: Growth of InP (a) (b) Phosphorus Vapor (c) Cap Indium (Liquid) Non-Epi Substrate Cap InP (Solid) Non-Epi Substrate T= C Cap InP Thin-Film Non-Epi Substrate A template is used to confine liquid indium into the desired shape, followed by precipitation of solid InP

13 Electronic Characterization 13 o Intergrain mobility up to ~500 cm 2 /V s o Carrier concentrations as low as ~5 x cm -3 as grown R. Kapadia and Z. Yu, et. al., Scientific Reports, 3, 2275; DOI: /srep02275, J. Bhosale, X.Wang, A. Alam, M. Lundstrom, and P. Bermel, BAPVC Bi-Annual, Nov

14 14 TiO 2 /p-inp heterojunction cell EQE (%) Testbed wafer V oc =785 mv, J sc =30.5 ma/cm2, FF=80.1%, η=19.2% C. Battaglia, et. al., Adv. Ene. Mat X. Yin, et. al., submitted 2014.

15 Projected Module Costs

16 Thin and Flexible Silicon Solar Cells Yi Cui Group Stanford University Potential Advantages: Higher efficiency Relaxed purity requirements Easier installation Tandem potential CAPEX and material saving Challenges: Light absorption Surface passivation Film handling

17 Light Absorption: Nanocones on Ultrathin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

18 All Back Contact 10 µm Si Cell on SOI

19 All Back Contact 10 µm Si Cell: Flat vs Nanocones

20 BAPVC Bay Area Photovoltaic Consortium Provide a vibrant forum for interaction among industry and academic experts to address critical challenges in PV manufacturing. Establish the scope and priorities for applied PV research in universities Process Cost Module efficiency Reliability CAPEX Find and fund the best university research teams to develop materials, device structures and processes for manufacturing by our industry members. Create PV technology that industry will use Bay Area Photovoltaic Consortium 20