Experimental and comparatively study of concrete by using bagasse ash and crushed aggregate

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1 Experimental and comparatively study of concrete by using bagasse ash and crushed aggregate 1 Miss. Patil B. K., 1 Mr. Jadhav K. S., Mr. 1 Jamdar P. L., 1 Mr. Nalawade K.D., 1 Mr. Navthar S. S., 1 Mr. Hivare S. T., 1 Mr. Bhand G. M., 2 Miss. Patil M. B 1 Student, Civil Engg. Dept. Karmayogi Engineering College Shelve, Pandharpur, India 2 Asst. Prof., Dept. of civil Engineering KEC Shelve, Pandharpur, Maharashtra, India In this work we have to study the properties of conventional concrete & moderate concrete by the replacement of cement by bagasse ash & natural sand by crushed aggregate. In this the cement will be replaced by 10%, 20%, & 30% by bagasse ash & aggregate by 100% of natural sand. Fresh concrete tests like compaction factor test and slump cone test were undertaken along with hardened concrete tests like compressive strength, split tensile strength. The result shows that bagasse ash can be a suitable replacement to cement & crushed aggregate can be a suitable replacement for natural sand & it should be economical as well as light weight. Key Words:- Vicat apparatus, Abrasion test machine, Impact test machine, Universal testing machine, Vibrator machine, Crushed aggregate, Bagasse ash. 1. INTRODUCTION:- The utilization of industrial and agricultural waste produced by industrial processes has been the focus of waste reduction research for economical, environmental, and technical reasons. Sugar-cane bagasse is a fibrous waste-product of the sugar refining industry, along with ethanol vapor. It is already causing serious environmental pollution, which calls for urgent ways of handling the waste. Bagasse ash mainly contains aluminum ion and silica. In this paper, Bagasse ash has been chemically and physically characterized, and partially replaced in the ratio of 0%, 05%, 15% and 25% by weight of cement in concrete. The result shows that the strength of concrete increased as percentage of bagasse ash replacement increased.[1] The test result indicates that crushed stone dust waste can be used effectively used to replace natural sand in concrete. In the experimental study of strength characteristics of concrete using crushed stone dust as fine aggregate it is found that there is increase in compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength of concrete.[4] 2. LITERATURE REVIEW:- The bagasse is an important byproduct of the sugar cane industry. After the bagasse combustion, a new by product is the Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA). It consists mainly of silica (SiO2), which indicates its potential as mineral admixture for use in concrete. The results of this research program indicated that SCBA can be used as a pozzolana and substitute cement. The tests indicated that SCBA improves the durability of a reference. Comparison of the results from the 3, 7, and 28 days samples shows that the compressive strength, tensile strength and also flexure increases with SCBA up to 1.0% replacement (N1) and then it decreases, although the results of 2.0% replacement (N4) is still higher than those of the plain cement concrete (C0). It was shown that the use of 2.0% SCBA decreases the compressive strength to a value which is near to the control concrete.[ref.1]

2 The global consumption of natural sand is very high, due to the extensive use of concrete or mortar. In general, the demand of natural sand is quite high in developing countries to satisfy the rapid infrastructure growth, in this situation developing country like India facing shortage in good quality natural sand (Amnon and Hadassa 2006). Particularly in India, natural sand deposits are being depleted and causing serious threat to environment as well as the society. Increasing extraction of natural sand from river beds causing many problems, loosing water retaining sand strata, deepening of the river courses and causing bank slides, loss of vegetation on the bank of rivers, exposing the intake well of water supply schemes, disturbs the aquatic life as well as affecting agriculture due to lowering the underground water table etc are few examples. Properties of aggregate affect the durability and performance of concrete, so fine aggregate is an essential component of concrete and cement mortar. The most commonly used fine aggregate is natural river or pit sand. Fine and coarse aggregate constitute about 75% of total volume. It is therefore, important to obtain right type and good quality aggregate at site, because the aggregate forms the main matrix of concrete or mortar (Hudson 1997). Now a day s sand is becoming a very scarce material, in this situation research began for inexpensive and easily available alternative material to natural sand. Some alternatives materials have already been used as a part of natural sand e.g. fly-ash, slag limestone and siliceous stone powder are used in concrete mixtures as a partial replacement of natural sand. However, scarcity in required quality is the major limitation in some of the above materials. Now a day s sustainable infrastructural growth demands the alternative material that should satisfy technical requisites of fine aggregate as well as it should be available abundantly.[ref.4] 3. OBJECTIVES:- The main objectives of the proposed work are: 1) To study the structural behavior of concrete block using crushed aggregate and Baggash ash. 2) To construct the structure economically by using waste material. 3) To study the use of sugar cane bagasse ash as a binding material like cement. 4) Study of moderate concrete by using M-20 grade of concrete. 5) Study by using proportion 100% replacement of sand by crushed aggregate & 10%, 20%, & 30% cement by bagasse. 4. METHODOLOGY:- 4.1MATERIALS USED IN CONCRETE 1. Cement:- Cement acts as a binding agent for different materials. It is a material which is produced by calcining at high temperature on intimate mixture of calcareous, siliceous and aluminous substances and crushing the resulting clinkers to a fine powder. We use PPC cement for project work. 2. Sand:- Locally available river sand conforming to Grading zone II of IS: Clean and dry river sand available locally will be used. Sand passing through IS 4.75mm Sieve will be used for casting all the specimens. River sand having density of 1460 kg/m 3 and fineness Modulus (FM) of 2.51 was used. The specific gravity was found to be Aggregate:- Aggregate gives bodies to the concrete, reduce shrinkage and affect economy. The more float is the aggregate occupy % of the volume of concrete, their impact on various characteristics and properties of cement is significant. The study of the concrete is incomplete without the study of the aggregate. The used 10, 20mm size of aggregate. 3. Crushed aggregate:- The Quarry Rock Dust obtained from local resource AMC physical and chemical properties of Quarry Rock Dust obtained by testing the samples as per Indian Standards. 4. Bagasse ash:- Bagasse ash used in this study. The needed bagasse has been supplied from Cane Sugar plant. This bagasse is burnt at tempeture 250 to c and there is formation of sugar cane bugasse ash.the sugar cane bagasse consists of approximately 50% of cellulose, 25% of hemicellulose and 25% of lignin. Each tonne of sugarcane generates approximately 26% of bagasse (at a moisturecontent of 50%) and 0.62% of residual ash. The residue after combustion presents a chemical composition dominates by silicon dioxide (SiO2). Web: irjms2015@gmail.com, irjms.in@gmail.com Page No: 2

3 5. Water / cement ratio: - The strength of concrete is controlled by the quantity and quality of its ingredients. Excess quantity of water creates segregation and bleeding whereas insufficient quantity of water makes the concrete harsh and unworkable. The ratio of weight of water to the weight of cement is called w/c ratio. It is usually expressed in liters of water required. 6. ADMIXTURES :- Step2: Selection of w/ c ratio From Table 5 of IS 456:2000, maximum water cement Ratio = 0.55 (Mild exposure) Based on experience adopt water cement ratio as < 0.55, hence ok Chemistry of concrete admixtures in a complex topic requiring in deep knowledge and experience. Used admixture is water reducing plasticizer. 4.2 Outline of Proposed Work Sr. Casting no. date Perce nt-age of ash After 3 days After 7 days After 28 days In the proposed study the behavior of Composite block under loading will be observed and studied. Compressive strength can be determined by using UTM by mechatronic Software. Admixture can be used for prepare concrete. eg. accelerator, chemical admixture etc. In this work we have prepare 9 blocks of conventional concrete & 27 blocks of moderate concrete for study compressive strength. Comparing the compressive strength of conventional concrete & moderate concrete to above mentioned proportion. 5. DESIGN STEP:- Design of Concrete without ash (Design of concrete is done according to IS ) Step1: Target strength for mix proportioning f ck = f ck +ks From Table 1 standard deviation, s = 4 N/mm2 Therefore target strength = = N/mm2 Step3: Selection of water content From Table 2, maximum water content = 186 liters (for 25mm 50 mm slump range and for 20 mm aggregates) Estimated water content for 75 mm slump = = liters Step4: Calculation of cement content Water cement ratio = 0.45 Cement content = 191.6/0.45 = kg/m3 From Table 5 of IS , minimum cement content for Mild exposure condition = 300 kg/m3, Hence OK. Step5: Proportion of volume of coarse aggregate and fine Aggregate content From Table 3, volume of coarse aggregate corresponding To 20 mm size aggregate and fine aggregate (Zone I) for Water-cement ratio of 0.45=0.60 Step6: Mix calculations The mix calculations per unit volume of concrete shall Be as follows 0.98= [ ] Total aggregate = Kg/m3 Fa = kg/m 3 Ca= Kg/m 3 Step7: Mix proportions. Cement = kg/m3 Water = kg/m3 Fine aggregate = kg/m3 Web: irjms2015@gmail.com, irjms.in@gmail.com Page No: 3

4 Coarse aggregates = kg/m3 Water cement ratio = 0.45 [Design steps for all the type proportion are same.] Design Of Concrete for 10% ash Cement = kg/m 3 Water = kg/m 3 C.A = kg/m 3 F.A = kg/m 3 W. C. = Bagasse ash = kg/m 3 Admixture = kg/m 3 Note: As per the IS 10262: 2009 due to admixture 5 to 30 % water will be reduced. Here plasticizer admixture is used Sr. No. Ash % Avg. strength 3 days (N/mm^2) Avg. strength 7 days ( N/mm^2) Avg. strength 28 days (N/mm^2) Design Of Concrete for 20% ash Cement = kg/m 3 Water = kg/m 3 C.A = 1106 kg/m 3 F.A = kg/m 3 W. C. = 0.45 Bagasse ash = kg/m 3\ Admixture = 0.35 kg/m 3 Note: As per the IS 10262: 2009 due to admixture 5 to 30 % water will be reduced. Here plasticizer admixture is used Design Of Concrete for 30% ash Cement = kg/m 3 Water = kg/m 3 C.A = kg/m 3 F.A = kg/m 3 W. C. = 0.45 Bagasse ash = kg/m 3 Admixture = 0.58 kg/m 3 Note: As per the IS 10262: 2009 due to admixture 5 to 30 % water will be reduced. Here plasticizer admixture is used STRENGTH N/mm 2 Graphical result after 3 Day s test % of Ash Fig Graphical result after 3Day s test Graphical result after 7 Day s test 6. RESULT: Table 21.Experimental results Web: irjms2015@gmail.com, irjms.in@gmail.com Page No: 4

5 STRENGTH 6 N/mm % of Ash g Graphical result after 7 Day s test Fi Conclusion. In this we have concluded that the partial replacement of cement by bagasse ash and natural sand by crushed aggregate at as per mix design of M20 grade of concrete. Manufactured sand has a potential to provide alternative to natural sand and helps in maintaining the environment by bagasse ash as well as economical balance. It is found that the cement could be advantageously replaced with SCBA up to maximum limit of 10% or 20% or 30%. In this up to 20% of replacement of cement by bagasse is suitable for the structure, 30% bagasse ash replacement is not suitable for use. STRENGTH N/mm 2 Graphical result after 28 Day s test % of Ash Fig Graphical result after 28 Day s test References [1] Aigbodion.V.S, Hassan.S.B, Olajide.S,O, Agunsoye.O.J, AbdulRahaman.A.S. Okafor.G.E, The use of rice husk ash as an aggregate for foundry sand production in Nigeria, Proceedings of The Nigerian Metallurgical Society (NMS), (2008) Annual Conference & Annual General Meeting, pp [2] Ganesan, K., Rajagopal, K., & Thangavel, K Evaluation of bagasse cementitious material. ash as Cement supplementary and Concrete Composites, 29, [3] Committee Board of sugar cane and sugar (2004). Summary of sugar cane and sugar industry in Thailand in 2003/2004, Division of sugar cane and sugar industry Policy, Ministry of Industry, Vol.2 Bangkok Thailand (in Thai). [4] Prakash Rao D.S. and Gridhar V Investigation on Concrete with Stone crusher dust as Fine aggregate. The Indian concrete Journal. pp [5] Sahu A.K., Sunil Kumar and Sachan A.K Quarry Stone Waste as Fine aggregate for concrete. The Indian Concrete Journal. pp [6] Ilangovan R. and Nagamani K Studies on Strength and Behavior of Concrete by using Quarry Dust as Fine Aggregate. CE and CR Journal, New Delhi. October. pp [7] Ilangovan R. and Nagamani K Application of quarry Rock dust as fine aggregate in concrete construction. National Journal on construction Management: NICMR. Pune. December. pp [8] Ilangovan, R.; Nagamani, K., and Kumarasamy, K., Studies on strength and behaviour of concrete by using crushed rock dust as fine aggregate, Civil Web: irjms2015@gmail.com, irjms.in@gmail.com Page No: 5

6 Engineering and Construction Review, October 2006, pp [9] Baguant,K., Properties of concrete with bagasse ash as fine aggregate, In Proc 5th CANMET/ACI Intl. conf. on fly ash, silica fume, slag and natural pozzolans in concrete, Ed by Malhotra VM, USA, ACI SP, (1995)153(18), [10] Concrete technology by MS Shetty. Web: Page No: 6