ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN SPACE HEATING

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1 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN SPACE HEATING Thorkell Erlingsson, M.Sc. Civil eng. Thorleikur Jóhannesson M.Sc. mech.eng. heating Use of Geothermal Resources in Asia,. 13. May 2008

2 INTRODUCTION Energy consumption for buildings in EU and OECD. Saving potential in building heating sector. Measures to save energy in building heating in Iceland. Example from Beijing in saving energy. Government and community support. Metering energy. Improving indoor climate and quality of life. Zero energy buildings. Conclusions.

3 ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSE HEATING Buildings are the largest energy consumers in EU & OECD, ahead of transportation and industry. Energy consumption in buildings is around 40% of all energy. Private household uses 80% for heating and 20% for electricity. Energy consumption on older houses is double of similar new houses for heating. Good insulated houses use much less heating energy then conventional insulated houses. Enormous potential energy saving is in house heating.

4 SAVING POTENTIAL IN HEATING HOUSES Energy prices are going up every year coal is the main energy source for heating, has doubled in price. oil and gas is widely used as energy source for heating, has gone op many times in few years. Energy Efficiency in buildings aim at producing economical and socially acceptable solutions. Saving energy by simply improving insulation in houses should be considered thoroughly.

5 Measures by the Icelandic Government in the 1970 s. Gave grants and aid for improving the insulation of all existing houses. Issued new and more stringent building codes on insulation and implementation of it. Gave grants and aid to communities for new investigations for geothermal water for house heating. S Hengill Kalt grunnvatnsstreymi _ U _ - lag _ M - lag L - og R - lag N UPPSTREYMI Section showing wells

6 House in the 1970 s. with oil 50% Geothermal heating 45% with electricity 5% Energy used 2.0 m³/m³ house/year House in with oil 1% Geothermal heating 90% with electricity 9% Energy needed 1.3 m³/m³ house/year

7 Improving homes to save energy Improve the insulations in outer-walls and roof, make the insulation thicker or of better quality. Improve insulations in windows, double glassing. Heat common stairwells in highrise buildings. Improve the heating system by placing radiator correctly. Improve the heating system control. Enable the end-user to control the quantity of heat used and pay according to their consumption. Energy loss from buildings

8 EXAMPLES FROM BEIJING In Beijing, the calculated power and energy requirements for new buildings, are the following: Peak load power 60 W/m² (including 5W/m² for domestic hot water) Annual total energy demand 132 kwh/m² for space heating (including 30 kwh/m² for domestic hot water) This corresponds to utilization of the maximum power available for the duration of hours annually. The calculated power and energy requirements from the same model for an old building are as follows: Peak load power 97 W/m² for space heating (including 5W/m² for domestic hot water) Annual total energy demand 192 kwh/m² for space heating (including 30 kwh/m² for domestic hot water)

9 power (W/m2) Energy Efficiency in Space PEAK LOAD POWER AND ENERGY REQUIREMENT FOR HEATING BUILDINGS IN BEIJING. Peak load power for heating; Peak load power for old buildings 97 W/m². Peak load power for new buildings 60 W/m² Old building New building Annual total energy for heating; Energy requirement for old buildings 192 kwh/m² Energy requirement for new buildings 132 kwh/m² Days cumulated Load duration curves for new and old buildings in Beijing.

10 Government support Government has to be in the lead in promoting energy saving by; More stringent building codes for insulation and glassing in windows in new buildings. Research on house improvement to reduce energy consumption. Education in schools, communities and smaller industry on energy saving. Metering systems and charging for energy use that supports energy saving. Aid and grants to house owners for improve insulation and glassing in older buildings. Promote the use of environmentally friendly house heating energy.

11 Metering energy in a proper way Charging methods should encourage energy saving. The metering method has to suit the source. Energy meters are very appropriate for a natural gas source but useless for a geothermal source. This depends on whether the return temperature is important or not. Metering energy should be simple and sensible: Although it may sound wise to meter each apartment, it is not necessarily justifiable. All meter equipment cost, so installment cost and operational cost will be higher. Common spaces can be problematic. Often wisest to charge all apartments in a staircase according to one meter.

12 Improve indoor climate and quality of life The temperature in wintertime can be as low as -20 C. Indoor temperature should be min. +18 C and preferably +20 C. season is 4 to 5 months in China, should be one month longer. The health of people depends on the indoor temperature.

13 Zero Energy Buildings Energy consumption in heating Existing old houses kwh/m² house/year Typical new houses kwh/m² house/year Low energy houses kwh/m² house/year Three liter house kwh/m² house/year Passive Energy house, max 15 kwh/m² house/year Zero Energy House 0 kwh/m² house/year There is a long way from existing houses to the ZERO energy houses but we must start improving old and new houses NOW

14 Perl River Tower, Guangzhou, China The first office tower in the world to have a Zero Energy consumption, to open in ,000 m² tower, 71 stories. Daylight responsive controls Generates wind power. Generates solar energy We should also build small houses with Zero Energy Start now preparing the work.

15 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The government should support research and house improvement to reduce energy consumption, both in cold region in the winter time as well as energy consumption in the summer time for cooling. The government should support education in energy saving both in schools and in smaller industries. The government should support rules improving the metering of energy used in house heating making the consumer active and responsible. The government should give grants and aid to consumers to improve the insulation and glassing of existing (older) houses. The government should issue stringent building codes for insulation and implement them. The government should support the use of environmentally friendly energy (wind-, solar-, geothermal) by grants or by lower taxes. The aim is for a Zero Energy Building but there are many milestones on the way towards that goal. Start now.

16 Thank you