Nuclear Security Culture and Self-Assessment: Indonesia s Experience

Transcription

1 Nuclear Security Culture and Self-Assessment: Indonesia s Experience Khairul Khairul Senior Nuclear Security Officer Center for Security Culture and Assessment (CSCA), National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) Dialogue on Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security in Southeast Asia Singapore, May 30 June 1, 2016

2 Objectives for this Presentation / Discussion Present nuclear research reactors Describe promoting nuclear security culture and self-assessment Present CSCA activities and its future plan Conclusion Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional [ 2

3 Indonesian s Nuclear Research Reactors Triga Mark II Reactor Kartini Reactor RSG G.A Siwabessy Location: Bandung Operated on 1964, 250 kw Upgraded to 2000 kw on 2000 Main Function: Isotope research and production Location : Yogyakarta Operated on 1979, 100 kw Main Function ; Research and Human Resource Training Facilities Location : Serpong, Tangerang Operated on 1987, 30 MW Main Function : Isotope research and production and material research Badan TenagaNuklir Nasional [ 3

4 National Regulation on Nuclear Security Government Regulation No. 33 / 2007, on ionizing radiation safety and security of radioactive sources Government Regulation No. 54 / 2012 on the Safety and Security of Nuclear Installations o Includes requirement on safety and security culture BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No. 6 / 2015, on Security of Radioactive Source BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No. 1 / 2010, on Emergency Preparedness and Response BAPETEN Chairman Regulation No. 1 / 2009, on Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials and Facilities Badan TenagaNuklir Nasional [ 4

5 SAFETY & SECURITY CULTURE Considering the importance of nuclear safety, BATAN introduced and fostered nuclear safety culture based on the IAEA safety standards and guidance o Starting from the years 1990s o Based on IAEA INSAG-4, IAEA-TECDOC-860, IAEA-TECDOC-1329 Later, considering the latest situation of global and national security, BATAN showed its commitment to strengthen the security of nuclear and radioactive materials, incl. promoting nuclear security culture o Based on NSS 7, NST026 (draft) Badan TenagaNuklir Nasional [ 5

6 Improving the Security Performances Improving physical protection system Following regulatory requirements, IAEA and IPPAS Mission recommendation Human Resources Development: Organizing various in-house training, sending staff to some regional and international events Joint training exercise on countering terrorism Conducted annually, Involving all stake holders: police, army, fire brigades, radiological first responder unit, theft and sabotage scenario Badan TenagaNuklir Nasional [ 6

7 Milestones in Promoting of Nuclear Security Culture BATAN started promoting nuclear security culture (limited to security personnel) BATAN 1 st security culture self- assessment pilot project Inauguration of BATAN Center for Security Culture and Assessment (CSCA) Socialization of Security Culture regularly to all employees National and IAEA Regional WS on Nuclear Security Culture, Yogyakarta IAEA published NSS Security culture self- assessment pilot project finished and presentation results at IAEA TM nd Security culture self- assessment with IAEA full scope methodology Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional [ 7

8 Relationship Between Security Culture and Safety Culture Safety and security cultures coexist and need to reinforce each other because they share the common objective of limiting risk to the people, society, and the environment This shared objective is largely based on similar principles, e.g. a questioning attitude, rigorous and prudent approaches, effective communication, and professionalism- although their manifestation may differ. For safety and its culture, the primary focus is on unintentional acts or conditions that could lead to accidents with responses emphasizing engineering protection and safety management For security and its culture, the primary focus is on intentional misuse with malicious intent with responses emphasizing law enforcement measures, intelligence gathering, and physical protection. Source:CITS-UGA 8

9 Preparing the Questionnaire: Culture Indicators / Survey Statement Goal: Effective Nuclear Security Management Systems are well developed and prioritized security (a) Visible security policy (b) Clear roles and responsibilities (c) Performance measurement (d) Work environment (e) Training and qualification (f) Work management (g) Information security (h) Operation and maintenance (i) Continual determination of trustworthiness (j) Quality assurance (k) Change management (l) Feedback process (m) Contingency plans and drills (n) self-assessment (o) Interface with the regulator (p) Coordination with off-site organizations (q) Record keeping Behaviour fosters more effective nuclear security Leadership behavior (a) Expectations (b) Use of authority (c) Decision making (d) Management oversight (e) Involvement of staff (f) Effective communication (g) Improving performance (h) Motivation Personnel behavior (a) Professional Conduct (b) Peresonal Accountability (c) Adherence to procedure (d) Teamwork and cooperation (e) Vigilance Red color: 1 st SA - 29 indicators Purple color: 2 nd SA - 30 indicators Principles for Guiding Decisions and Behaviours (a) Motivation (b) Leadership (c) Commitment and responsibility (d) Professionalism and competence (e) Learning and improvement Beliefes and Attitudes (a) Credible threat exists;; (b) Nuclear security is important IAEA Model of Security Culture 9

10 Self-assessment Methodology Discuss Results, Submit Final Report, and Develop Action Plan Develop the three- tired outcomes model step0 Top level policy and decision to conduct self- assessment step6 step1 Survey Interview Document Review Step5 Observation Step2 Launch an outreach Campaign and Establish a Self Assessment Team Draft a Self Assessment Plan and Prepare for its implementation Data Analysis and Consolidate Assessment Results step4 step3 Start the Data Collection (survey, interview, doc review and observation) Badan TenagaNuklir Nasional [ 10

11 LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR : Give reward to top performance employee in security aspect Sample of Histogram 1 st and 2 nd Self- Assessment Cumulative Respondent Number PERSONNEL BEHAVIOR : Personnel feel competent to handle security situation Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional [ Fair Treatment Security Responsibility STS TS KS RR S SS SSS 59 STS TS KS RR S SS SSS Note: STS: Fully Disagree TS: Disagree KS: Somewhat Disagree RR: Neutral S: Setuju SS: Somewhat Agree SSS: Fully Agree Employee s responses 11

12 Self-assessment Conduct 1 st assessment 2 nd assessment Period: Oct 2012 July 2013 Method: survey and interview Object: three research reactors Assessment Team: 41, limited background members Numbers of respondent: 624 surveyed, 128 interviewed Without survey statement validation To test the IAEA methodology and getting the knowledge Period: 2015 Method: survey, interview, observation and document assessment Object: multi-purpose reactor, nuclear fuel cycle technology center and center for radioactive waste Assessment Team: 32, more scientific background, incl. psychology Number of respondent: 277 surveyed, 43 interviewed With survey statements validation, personalized questionnaire To enhance the capability of selfassessment and check progress Badan TenagaNuklir Nasional [ 12

13 1st Self- assessment Results Outcomes for BATAN: o Baseline for future nuclear security culture evaluation and further improvement o Raised security awareness among workforces o build the human capacity in assessment methodology Some important finding examples: o Limited knowledge about nuclear security and security culture o Security culture concerns only with security people o Security personnel views weaknesses in awareness, reward system, communication line Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional [ 13

14 2 nd Self-Assessment Steps and Approach Positive Responses 1. Survey 2. Interview 3. Document Review 4. Observation Negative Responses Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional [ 14

15 Survey Referring to Phase 1 survey, o the statement is in first person sentence o To ensure the clarity of the statements, a validation is done against 25 employees Survey questionnaire includes performance indicators drawn from IAEA guidance and need of organization Scoring scheme is a 7- point scale starting from Strongly Disagree (1) until Strongly Agree (7). Survey s respondents encouraged to give comments when selects neutral/hesitates with the statements. Results are presented in histogram Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional [ 15

16 Interview There are 13 questions, that came from the significant negative results The interview method is semistructured, with additional probing The interviewees are randomly selected, 50% of them was being surveyed. Interview duration is 1 hour each by 2 interviewers (asked the question and taking a note) Badan TenagaNuklir Nasional [ 16

17 Document Review and Observation Document Review To validate positive results from survey verify all document related to security activities Observation Done during emergency joint exercise Team observed how employees pursue the exercise Badan TenagaNuklir Nasional [ 17

18 2 nd Self Assessment Result Outcomes: o Gaining experience conducting full scope of self-assessment methodology o Obtaining the results of follow up action from 1 st self-assessment o Getting the security performances Some examples of findings: o In general, it is found that knowledge of respondent about nuclear security and security culture has well improved o Some weaknesses found in 1 st assessment have been improved Communication line was improved Rewards system is in place, however itshould be implemented fairly o Socialization on security culture is done, but need to be continued and touches things more practicable o Security performance target should be determined clearly Badan TenagaNuklir Nasional [ 18

19 Capacity building Collaboration with UGM* Short internship for student: o 1 st batch: 4 students, 1 month o 2 nd batch: 3 students, 1 month o 3 rd batch: 2 student 1 month Tasks: *INMM Student Chapter of Indonesia o Preparing draft of guide on nuclear security culture implementation o participating in 2 nd self assessment Badan TenagaNuklir Nasional [ 19

20 CSCA CSCA: Center for Security Culture and Assessment First kind in the world 29 September 2014 Mission: o o o o Promoting nuclear security culture and its self- assessment Conducting security culture selfassessment Developing security culture and assessment methodology Enhancing network, incl. CBRN security culture Supported by IAEA and CITS UGA and other partners Badan TenagaNuklir Nasional [ 20

21 Conclusion BATAN has been promoting nuclear security culture and conducted self-assessment toevaluate theeffectiveness of security in BATAN Results from security culture self-assessment are valuables and used by BATAN management to improve the security culture and security system Conduct of self-assessment has improved the knowledge and capability of personnel in security culture assessment BATAN views the importance of international collaboration and sustainable effort to promote security culture for achieving an effective nuclear security regime Badan TenagaNuklir Nasional [ 21

22 Thank you for your attention! 22