The role of nuclear energy in the optimum energy mix of Indonesia

Transcription

1 The role of nuclear energy in the optimum energy mix of Indonesia Adiwardojo Presented at the Consultancy Meeting on Survey of Existing National- Long-Range Nuclear Energy Strategies, 22 to 23 March, 2012 at the IAEA Headquarters, Vienna, Austria BADAN TENAGA NUKLIR NASIONAL / National Nuclear Energy Agency JL. KUNINGAN BARAT, MAMPANG PRAPATAN, JAKARTA 12710, TELPON:

2 1. Introduction of Nuclear Power Indonesia has for a long period planned for the introduction of nuclear power. Act No 10 of 1997 on Nuclear Energy. This is the primary legislation in Indonesia Act No. 17 of 2007 on Long-Term National Development Plan of Indonesia for 2005 to This is the basis act of establishing long term commitment for the use of nuclear energy to meet national energy demand. Indonesia performed self-assessment on National Nuclear Infrastructure prior to Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review and IAEA-INIR mission was held in November 2009 Action Plan Phase 2 status IFR have been prepared

3 FOUNDATION PHYLOSOPHY APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IS FOR PEACEFUL USES ONLY SAFETY & SECURITY IS THE PRIME CONSIDERATION DEMAND DRIVEN AND STAKEHOLDER SATISFACTION

4 THE NECESSITY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY Energy Security and Climate Change Mitigation Energy Diversification Diversity primary energy use for power generation and reduce fossil fuel dependency (esp. Oil) Energy Conservation Energy efficiency to reduce total domestic energy and electricity demand and increase added value Environmental Protection Reduce SOx, NOx and Green-House-Gases emission to support sustainable development and minimize externalities

5 Electricity Production Cost Economically competitive and stabilize electricity tariff. Acquiring of High-Tech Power Generation High Technology utilization will increase national industrial capacity Note : Optimum Energy Mix with non-discriminative and non-depletion to realize security of energy supply and to mitigate climate change in order to support national sustainable development

6 2. Available Documents Containing Nuclear Energy Strategy National Energy Policy, Presidential Regulation No: 5 Year 2006 National Nuclear Infrastructure Development in Indonesia, Self Assessment of national nuclear infrastructure, Report on IAEA s INIR Mission and Action Plan on next phase of nuclear infrastructure development. Country Nuclear Power Profile, National energy situation and policy, Energy planning including nuclear power programme, Organization and Legal framework.

7 Notes : Time Frame covered by the Strategy National Energy Policy Process of Generation and Approval of Documents Presidential Regulation is generated and approved by the President of the Republic of Indonesia. Report on Nuclear Infrastructure Development in Indonesia is generated by the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) in cooperation with related Institutions. Country Nuclear Power Profile of Indonesia is generated by the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) in cooperation with Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) and delivered to IAEA periodically to be published in the IAEA s website

8 Notes : Level Details in the Strategy The policy underlines the need of conversion in all sectors to be implemented immediately to reduce the dependence on oil fuel as well as to diversify energy, alleviate poverty, increase economic growth, and promote environmentally-friendly development. Frequency of updates of documents National Energy Policy is revisited every 5 years. Nuclear Infrastructure Development in Indonesia and Country Nuclear Power Profile are updated annually

9 Connection to National Sustainable Development Plant nuclear energy as part of national energy mix to strengthen national energy security and to mitigate climate change. Strategy after Fukushima. Public information and education activities Lesson learned and Improve nuclear safety for the application and development of sustainable nuclear energy system in Indonesia Siting studies by incorporating the lesson learned from Fukushima accident.

10 National Energy Policy 10 The government of Indonesia intends to apply an optimum energy mix comprising all viable prospective energy sources The Presidential Regulation No.5 year 2006 indicates the target of energy mix until 2025 including nuclear energy

11 22 Wind

12 3. Indonesia has long been a strong advocate in promoting nuclear energy for peaceful proposes Indonesia is a state party to the NPT, SEANWFZ, and member of IAEA, ANSN and FNCA Article IV of the NPT not only recognizes, but also justified the inalienable right of every state to develop nuclear for peaceful purposes without discrimination. To show its commitment to nuclear non-proliferation, Indonesia has put in place integrated safeguards system which covers both the comprehensive safeguards and the additional protocol of IAEA to its nuclear facilities

13 SAFEGUARDS CONCLUSIONS : For 13 States ( Australia, Croatia, Ghana, the Holy See, Hungary, Indonesia, Jordan, Monaco, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Slovenia and Uzbekistan ) having both Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement (CSA) and Additional Protocol (AP) in force, the IAEA concluded that all nuclear material had been placed under safeguards and remained in peaceful nuclear activities. Source : International Atomic Energy Agency

14 STATUS OF INDONESIA : INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON NUCLEAR ENERGY No INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) - Safeguard Agreement with IAEA - Additional Protocol to Safeguards Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and its Amendment Convention on Early Notification of A Nuclear Accident STATUS Ratified: Act No. 8 Year Signed Signed Ratified by President Degree (PD) No. 49 Year Ratified by PD No. 81 Year Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Convention on Nuclear Safety Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management Protocol to Amend the Vienna Convention Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage Bilateral cooperation and supply agreement(s) Ratified by PD No. 82 Year 1993 Ratified: Act No. 9 Year Ratified by No.106 Year 2001 Agreed by Parliament for ratification Ratified by PD No 84 Year 2010 Signed (1997) Signed (1997) Signed (1997)

15 4. Evaluation of the status of nuclear national infrastructure In order to assess status of nuclear national infrastructure a selfassessment using milestone approach is used The status (Nov 2009) is shown as Figure 1 The nuclear national infrastructure is developed in three phase with each milestone: First phase: consideration before decision to launch a nuclear power program with milestone 1 of ready to make knowledgeable commitment to nuclear power program Second phase: preparatory work for the construction of a NPP after a policy decision with milestone 2 ready to invite bid Thirds phase: activities to implement a first NPP with milestone 3 ready to commission and operate the first NPP

16 Integrated Nuclear Infrastruktur Review (INIR) INIR mission is conducted in order to provide external peer review by IAEA INIR Mission is implemented at different phases of the infrastructure development of Member state INIR Mission phase 1 has been done in November 2009

17 Evaluation of the status of nuclear national infrastructure Key Infrastructure Issues to be evaluated National position Nuclear safety Management Funding and financing Legislative framework Safeguards Regulatory framework Radiation protection Electrical grid Human resources development Stakeholder involvement Site and supporting facilities Environmental protection Emergency planning Security and physical protection Nuclear fuel cycle Radioactive waste Industrial involvement Procurement

18 IAEA document for newcomer Potential for Sharing Nuclear Power Infrastructure between Countries, TECDOC-1522, October 2006 Managing the First Nuclear Power Plant Project, TECDOC-1555, May 2007 Considerations to Launch a Nuclear Power Programme,GOV/INF/2007/2, March 2007 Milestones in the Development of a National Infrastructure for Nuclear Power, NE Series Guide NG-G- 3.1, September 2007 INSAG-22 on Safety Infrastructure, 2008 Evaluation of the Status of National Nuclear Infrastructure Development, NE Series No. NG-T-3.2, 2008 Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR) Missions, Guidance on Preparing and Conducting INIR Missions, 2009

19 Fig 1: Nuclear Infrastructure Development Program (Nov 2009) Nulear power option included within the national energy strategy Infrastructure Development Program Pres.Reg. 5/2006 Phase 1 Consideration before a decision to launch a nuclear power programme is taken Milestone 1 Ready to make a knowledgeable commitment to a nuclear programme Status NPP Dev Act. 17/2007 Phase 2 Preparatory work for the construction of a NPP after a policy decision has been taken Milestone 2 Ready to invite bids for the first NPP Phase 3 Activities to implement a first NPP Milestone 3 Ready to commission and operate the first NPP Phase 4 Maintenance and continuous infrastructure improvement 1 st NPP Project Pre Project Project Decision Making Construction Feasibility study Bidding process Commissioning Operation/ decommissioning years

20 Recommendations and Suggestions No. INFRASTRUCTURE STATUS OF PHASE 1 1. National Position NEPIO not yet establish 2. Nuclear Safety No actions needed 3. Management NEPIO not yet establish 4. Funding and Financing Minor actions needed 5. Legislative Framework Minor actions needed 6. Safeguards No actions needed 7. Regulatory Framework No actions needed 8. Radiation Protection No actions needed 9. Electric Grid No actions needed 10. Human Resource No action needed 11. Stakeholder Involvement Well-structured programme needs to establihed 12. Site and Supporting facility Minor actions needed 13. Environmental Protection No actions needed 14. Emergency Planning No actions needed 15. Security and Physical Protection No actionsw needed 16. Nuclear Fuel Cycle No actions needed 17. Radioactive Waste No actions needed 18. Industrial Involment Minor actions needed 19. Procurement No actions needed

21 5. Major Concerns on NPP Preparation Public Acceptance Socialization National level Local site Siting Site and Environmental study (safety related, non safety, and social aspects) Safety Concerns Technology (proven technology) Culture The choice of NPP Technology Proven Technology

22 Top management Commitment : NEPIO Supports Politicians/Parliament NGO s Community & Religious Leaders Human Resources Development for NPP Lesson learnt from NPP Fukushima accident.

23 6. Conclusion Nuclear energy is available to constribute, in sustainable development manner, to meeting the energy needs of the 21st century. The role of nuclear energy would increase the diversity of energy supplies and strengthen energy supply security as well as climate change mitigation Indonesia has done extensive preparatory work on most infrastructure issues that would allow the country to make decision to further consider introduction of nuclear power, i.e. to go from phase 1 to phase 2 in Milestone methodology.

24 The introduction of NPP is not only to reach an optimal energy mix based on costs and environmental protection, but also to relieve the pressure arising from increasing demad for oil and gas as well as to support sustainable development. The necessity of NPP to suffice conservation, intensification, diversification and sustainable of energy supply will be symbiotic and synergetic to fossil and new as well as renewable enery supply. Nuclear power can be utilized for electricity production and non eletricity application ( such as ; Desalination, EOR, Hydrogen production, Coal gasification and liquifaction etc ).

25 THANK YOU