Be aware: being competent can also mean: having the legal authority to act, but that s something different

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2 Competence is the ability of an individual to do a job or perform a function properly, in all its aspects Being competent means: able to perform in all circumstances It is a relatively permanent quality of a person which is valued by its environment Examples: a competent carpenter or a competent doctor We expect professionals to be competent Competence is more than knowledge and a set of skills Be aware: being competent can also mean: having the legal authority to act, but that s something different

3 Competencies are the elements/aspects of competence A competency is a combination of: practical and theoretical knowledge cognitive and practical skills behavior and attitudes values and beliefs experience intuition (?) A competency is the capacity to apply knowledge, skills, attitude, etc. in specific circumstances effectively and efficient in order to achieve a preferred goal Often competences and competencies are used as synonyms

4 Competencies can be used to describe a job/function Competencies can be used to judge and compare applicants for a job/function Competencies can be used to judge performance in a job/function Competencies can be used to help persons to improve their performance Competencies can be used to describe education programmes

5 Generic competencies are competencies that are not related to a discipline or field examples: Ability to communicate in a second (foreign) language Capacity to learn and stay up-to-date with learning Ability to be critical and self-critical Ability to plan and manage time Capacity to generate new ideas (creativity) Ability to work autonomously Ability to identify, pose and resolve problems EU-funded Tuning-project provided a list of 31 generic competencies

6 Competencies that are specific for a field or discipline Some subject-specific competencies are closely related to a generic competency EU-Tuning-project developed specific competencies for several disciplines: Business administration Earth science Mathematics Education Music etc. EAPAA, EGPA and NISPAcee started Tuning-PA project

7 1. Competencies to manage in public governance 2. Competencies to participate in and contribute to the policy and administrative process 3. Competencies to articulate and apply a public service perspective 4. Competencies to communicate and interact productively in the public domain 5. Competencies to analyse and to solve PA-related problems by applying appropriate scientific methods 6. Competencies to understand the public domain

8 Competencies for executing management functions in public sector organisations Competencies (particularly) for leadership functions Competencies for networking and cooperation with other organisations

9 Competencies for recognition, analysis and interpretation of social, official, political or administrative problems Competencies for consideration of problems from different disciplinary perspectives Competencies for policy formulation Competencies for policy implementation Competencies for policy evaluation

10 Competencies for understanding social, political and economic developments Competencies to handle problems with regard to the economic, political, legal and social reality Competencies to explore key concepts across institutional boundaries within the public sector

11 Competencies to incorporate public service ethics and public values Competencies to analyse and to solve problems from the perspective of third parties, particularly politicians, professionals, citizens and representatives of civic organisations Competencies for evidence-based decision making, interpreting and applying policy agendas, anticipating future trends in public services, and adapting activities to suit specific public services contexts

12 Competencies for communication with politicians, experts, citizens and representatives of civic organisations Competencies for formulating advice to important stakeholders Competencies for negotiation with politicians, experts, citizens and representatives of civic organisations Competencies for cooperating in multidisciplinary teams Competencies for communicating and interacting in an intercultural context

13 Competencies to conduct applied research with regard to a given problem Competencies to select and apply appropriate methods, techniques and tools to analyse and solve a problem Competencies to be familiar with research developments in the respective policy field Competencies to use methods and techniques of socio-scientific research, including statistics Competencies to set up, execute, present, and assess research Competencies to use the results of research for decision-making or policy proposals

14 Competencies to understand the disciplines dealing with public administration Competencies to make use of the theoretical knowledge of the PA-related disciplines to analyse and solve problems in the public domain Competencies to compare and evaluate different PA systems

15 Depends on: Level of government: international, national, regional, local Type of organisation: production of goods, production of services, production of policy Type of work: policy-preparation, policy execution, policyevaluation Function: generalist versus specialist; responsibilities (manager, policy-advisor) Socio-political circumstances like composition of population Phase in PA-history (transition, re-orientation) Political and organisational priorities

16 Free market, bureaucracy and professionalism are alternative modes of organising work Professionalism is necessary when the tasks to perform or problems to work on, lack uniformity and thus require special knowledge and skills, and uncertainties are so high that discretion in the use of these knowledge and skills is necessary Discretion given to the professional is based on trust that the professional uses its knowledge skills and experience in the interest of the client The competence of a PA-professional is a combination of a professional specialism and PA-competencies