The HTMR100 Modular High Temperature Gas Reactor program. Presentation by David Boyes STL South Africa

Transcription

1 The HTMR100 Modular High Temperature Gas Reactor program Presentation by David Boyes STL South Africa

2 HTMR100 Reactor The HTMR100 is a 100MW th helium cooled power plant that features a thorium based fuel cycle. The heat source is based on pebble bed technology which has intrinsic safety characteristics Power conversion is via a proven helical coil steam generator. The HTMR100 is a CO2-free nuclear thermal power source that can be utilised for power generation, process heat applications, water desalination and hydrogen production. Small size and modular construction result in relatively low cost.

3 HTMR100 Reactor Reflector rod drive mechanism Top access hatch Control rod Reactor pressure vessel (RPV) Top reflector Core barrel Side reflector Hot gas outlet Bottom reflector Bottom access hatch Spent fuel outlet shute

4 HTMR100 Reactor CRDMs Control rod connecting tubes Core internals Reactor pressure vessel

5 Plant Layout (Single Module) Reactor building 9 Concrete vessel manufacturing 2 Auxiliary building 10 Emergency control building 3 Electrical building 11 Entrance control building 4 Turbine hall 12 Admin building 5 Conventional cooling 13 Store 6 Secured cooling 14 Radioactive waste treatment facility 7 Water storage tanks 15 Parking 8 Spent fuel storage area 16 Laydown area

6 Plant Layout (Multi Module)

7 Plant Layout (Multi Module) ; Subground level

8 Technology Basis The HTMR100: is based on German technology proven over more than 20 years of operation is the only Gen IV technology ready for deployment without further R&D HTR-10 (China) HTTR-30 (Japan)

9 Test Set-Up Three axle power conversion system tests

10 Test Set-Up

11 Test Set-Up

12 Component Test Set-Up

13 Figure 1. Schematic of critical assembly simulating PBMR reactor on the ASTRA facility. ASTRA-Cold Critical Facility Core intermediate zone Experimental channels Internal reflector Central channel with spherical elements Side reflector Core Control and safety rod channels Ionization chamber channels and neutron counter channels Neutron source channel Additional channels

14 Plant thermo-hydraulic performance

15 Safety Design Basis Plant Nuclear Safety The plant has no active safety related fluid system to mitigate the effect of an accident. The reactor protection system with its backup batteries, input signals and output action are safety-related. Actions are basically by valves. The plant ensure safety through passive-by-activation means. Emergency diesel-generators are non-safety related, no credit for its function during postulated design basis accidents and external events. Residual heat removal is by natural means with active secured cooling system backup and emergency connecting point (electric and water) The safety-related functions are grouped into a compact reactor building which can be constructed at different ground elevations. Sub-ground level protects against large airplane crash.

16 Safety Design Basis Continue Reactor & Primary loop intrinsic safety Neutronically safe achieved through: Strong negative temperature coefficient which means the reactor automatically shuts down in loss of coolant event. Weak fission product transport mechanism : helium is inert and is not activated, dust is periodically removed, He is continually purified. No primary coolant phase change and low/slow pressure buildup with energy addition. No possible buildup of explosive hydrogen mixtures. No secured core cooling required; low power density, large mass to absorb energy, slender geometry to transfer residual heat by passive means

17 Steam Generator Reflector rod Drive mechanism (x16) Connecting vessel Unit Reactor pressure vessel (RPV) Reactor Unit (RU) Blowers (x2) RPV support (x3) Core unloading Machine (CUM) (x2) Steam outlet (x3) Steam Generator Unit (SGU) Feedwater inlet (x3)

18 Steam Generator Hot Gas Pipe Helium Blower x2 Damper (primary loop isolation valves) Collecting & Distribution Chamber Flow Distribution Chamber Helical Tube Bundle Steam Outlet (x3) Centre Pipe Vessel Feed Water Inlet (x3)

19 Helium Flow Path Reflector rod vessels Graphite top reflector Graphite side reflector Pebble fuel bed Steam Generator Unit Blowers Graphite bottom reflector Collecting box Steam out (x3) Core barrel bottom structure Tube distribution chamber Reactor Unit Helical tube bundle Feed water in (x3)

20 Core structures ( original idea) Module 3 Module 2 Manufacturing is modularised Pressure vessel first installed Core Structures are assembled in a factory and shipped in 3 modules including instrumentation harnesses. Module 1

21 Ceramic Core Graphite core structures Complete assembly Upper core structures Bottom core structures

22 Pebble flow modelling

23 Reactor pressure vessel ASME III Class1 Material: SA 508 Design temperature = 350 o C Design pressure= 4.5 MPa (abs) Wall min thickness= 50 mm Plates and forgings Weight without lid= tons Weight with lid= 180 tons Total length= m Max diameter= 5.25 m

24 Pressure Vessel Stress Analysis Pressure vessel within ASME Code Case limits

25 Standard truck can be used Standard Volvo FH750 Up to 170 tones. Trailer has hydraulic capability which allows control of load height.

26 Graphite Blocks

27 Graphite Blocks

28 Control Rod Drive Mechanism

29 Turbine Generator System with condenser Module 3 Module 2 Module 1 Module 4 Module 5

30 Turbine Generator System Standard off the shelve product

31 Fuelling Scheme

32 Fuelling Scheme

33 Fuelling Scheme Fuel unloading machine

34 Fuelling Scheme Fuel unloading machine

35 Fuel Handling equipment design and development Primary gas isolation valve Valve assembly

36 Liquid Radwaste System Decon and laboratory water, sump and leak-off water OCCS ASPS ASCS OCCS Chemicals distribution 1 ASCS ASPS 9 OCCS Operational component cooling system ASPS Auxiliary steam piping system ASCS Auxiliary steam condensate system Laundry water R - Sampling point - Activity measuring point 7 - Mixer 4 8 Shower and washroom water Discharge to concentrates processing system 9 10 R 1 Liquid waste collecting tank 2 Evaporator feed pump 3 Circulation pump 4 Centrifuge pump 5 Slurry pump 6 Evaporator unit 7 Centrifuge unit 8 Waste drum 9 Monitoring tank (transfer tank) 10 Discharge pumps 11 Concentrate tank 12 Concentrate pump 13 Chemicals tank Discharge

37 Solid Radwaste System

38 Helium Supporting Systems HVAC systems Gas evacuation system for primary system Dump system for helium supporting systems and fuel handling equipment Pressure relief system Leak testing system for reactor pressure vessel Regeneration System for molecular sieves Primary gas evelope Pressure control Helium purification system Gas evacuation system for helium purification system Gaseous waste storage system Qxygen supply and storage system HVAC systems in controlled and exclusion areas Helium supply and storage system Fuel charge and discharge equipment

39 Helium Purification System From He supply & storage Fine dust filter Electric heater CuO catalytic converter Water cooler Water separator Molecular sieve regeneration Oxygen Molecular sieves Tritiated water collection tank Post accident filter Post-accident cooler Course dust filter Post-accident water separator Post accident blower Helium blower To He supply & storage Pressure boundary Collection tank From Steam Generator high pressure helium volume Pressure boundary Liquid waste holdup tanks To Steam Generator low pressure helium volume

40 Helium Purification System

41 Helium Dump System Helium Purification System (HPS) Cooler Auxiliary building Dump tank Compressor Compressor Helium Purification System (HPS) Gas analysis systems Buffer storage tank Dump tank Fuel handling systems Reactor building Dump tank Radioactively contaminated helium storage tank Post accident water extraction Normal operation water extraction Gas evacuation for primary system HVAC systems Gas evacuation for HPS

42 HVAC Systems

43 Cooling Water System

44 MODULE PLANT EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN ROOM OPERATIONAL CONTROL ROOM MAIN CONTROL ROOM C&I and the Control Room REACTOR PROTECTION SYSTEM POST-EVENT INSTRUMENTATION EQUIPMENT PROTECTION SYSTEM MODULE OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEM PLANT OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEM VIDEO DISPLAY SYSTEM (VISUAL CHECK) RPS Information Displays PEI Information Displays Module 1 HMI Plant Data Storage System Display Plant Automation Network Plant Automation Unit Video controller Engineering Station Diagnostic Station RPS Information Displays Post-Event Instrumentation Displays Module Data Storage System Diagnostic Station PEI Data Storage Isolation Isolation Module Automation Network Reactor Protection System (2/3 logic) Post-Event Instrumentation Equipment Protection System PCS Automation Unit Plant Systems Automation Unit Nuclear Auxiliary Systems Automation Unit Cooling Systems Automation Unit Site Radiation Instrumentation Alarm System HVAC Systems Automation Unit Video cameras Radwaste Systems Automation Unit Fire Control Unit Radiation monitor Personnel Control Sensors Actuator Sensors Sensors Actuator

45 Reactor Protection System Processors Emergency Control Room RPS Shutdown Panel & Information Displays Main Control Room RPS Shutdown Panel & Information Displays Process Variable Sensors Command Execute Actions Neutrons Gammas Pressure Humidity Temperature Mass Flow S1...Sn S1...Sn S1...Sn Channel 1 2-out-of-3 logic Channel 2 2-out-of-3 logic Channel 3 2-out-of-3 logic Train A 2-out-of-3 voter Train B 2-out-of-3 voter Motive Power: Control Rods Motive Power: Shutdown Rods To Shutdown Rods To Control Rods Primary Helium Blower Primary system isolation valves Secondary system isolation valves Steam generator pressure relief valves

46 Electrical System 132 kv 11 kv (Eskom) ISOLATING LINK 11 kv CURRENT LIMITER 22kV - 132kV 15 MVA 10.5kV Transformer (35MVA) FUSED SWITCH 10.5 kvac 22 kv Generator 10.5kV 690V AC 10.5kV 440V Transformer (2000kVA) 10.5kV 440V Transformer (2000kVA) 690 V Transformer (2000kVA) 132 kw to 450 kw 3ø/1ø Motors, heaters, etc. NORMAL 400 VAC (LV) 400 V 132 kw and below HVAC (Supply air unit, exhauste air unit, air recirculation units) ALT ALT DIESEL 500 kva DIESEL 500 kva GENSET VAC Emergency GENSET VAC Emergency AC-DC converter AC-DC converter AC-DC converter AC-DC converter AC-DC converter 400 V 220 VDC 220 VDC 220 VDC COMPUTER SYSTEMS, HVAC (Central control room, computer & electronic equipment rooms, battery component exhaust air, emergency shutdown room), +-24 VDC Remote shutdown station 400 VAC DC-AC inverter DC-DC converter DC-DC converter DC-DC converter DC-DC converter DC-DC converter DC-DC converter DC-DC converter DC-DC converter DC-DC converter 400 V COMPUTER SYSTEMS Electric control, Emergency Lightning, HVAC, Reactor fans, Instrumentation & Control, etc. TRAIN 1 TRAIN 2 TRAIN 3 Reactor Protection System

47 SimuPACT Simulation Software Why SimuPACT? SimuPACT includes all essential capabilities to build fullscope high-fidelity Training Simulators: Process modeling Control modeling and linking to 3 rd party systems Operator interface Instructor functionality User interface built on newest technology is extremely easy to use and substantially decreases time needed to complete simulators. SimuPACT use the proven Flow Solver, Flownex that is used for engineering design and analysis in industry. First principles Flow Solver allows re-use of design models in simulators and significant cost and time savings

48 SimuPACT Simulation Software SimuPACT User Interface

49 SimuPACT Simulation Software Siemens Control System Integration Siemens PCS7 - Interface to Full Emulator (Siemens PLCSim with WinCC) Siemens Teleperm XP - Interface to Full TXP Emulator of E.On (AS and OS) Siemens AS620T - Emulation Library to reproduce AS620T Turbine Control and Protection System Siemens T-3000 Interface to Full T-3000 Emulator (Siemens supplied) and also translator for full emulation of T-3000 DCS and HMI inside SimuPACT environment

50 SimuPACT Simulation Software Operator Interfaces (HMI) Human Machine Interface (HMI), including Alarm Handling, Trending, Multi Monitor Support Emulated in SimuPACT or linked to 3rd party Computer-based (SimuPACT or 3rd party) Hard Panels and Mimics (SimuPACT or 3rd party)

51 3D PACT Virtual Training System Identification Increase and Evaluate Staff s Knowledge of Plant Systems o Tracing and walking a system to identify it on the plant and view interconnections and dependencies between processes first hand

52 3D PACT Virtual Training System Operations Increase and Evaluate Effective Teamwork & Ability to Operate the Plant o Performing operating sequences on the plant (as individual or crew): Commissioning, Startups, Shutdowns, Abnormal/Infrequent Operations, Emergency Operations, etc. Field Control Room Simulation

53 3D PACT Virtual Training System Operations Control Room Operations o All control room interfaces and operations can be included in training programs, enabling effective, multi-disciplinary crew training

54 3D PACT Virtual Training Equipment Operations

55 3D PACT Virtual Training Clearance and Isolation Procedures

56 3D PACT Virtual Training Maintenance Training and Planning Train and Evaluate Staff on a Range of Maintenance Tasks and Activities o Planning complex and time critical maintenance tasks to perform them as safely and quickly as possible to limit production loss to a minimum o Detailed instructions, visualization and evaluation of disassembling/ assembling equipment, including tools and PPE to be used o Includes crane/hoist movement and space management

57 3D PACT Virtual Training Inspection Training and Planning Train and evaluate Staff to execute Inspections and Interpret Results o Planning complex and time critical inspection tasks to perform them as safely and quickly as possible to limit production loss to a minimum o Trainees need to equip and are evaluated on using the correct Personal Protective Equipment, Tools and Safety Gear for Inspection tasks o Trainees need to follow procedure, including filling out check sheet/report o Trainee is evaluated on following the safest path and approach to perform an inspection, especially on equipment located in hazardous areas

58 3D PACT Virtual Training Emergency Response and Safety Training/Planning Train and Evaluate Staff on Effective Handling of Emergency Situations o Create awareness for potential threats or unsafe situations, including workers performing dangerous actions or performing work in an unsafe manner o Evaluate whether emergency response personnel knows which equipment to use and which procedures and routes to follow during emergencies

59 Building Layout

60 Reactor Building Crane Reflector rod drive mechanisms Citadel Reactor unit unit Core unloading Machine (CUM) Spent fuel cask Steam generator

61 Reactor Building and Connecting Buildings

62 Reactor Building Coupled to the Turbine Building

63 Electrical building HVAC floor C & I floor Ablution facilities Computer room Control room Switchgear Entrance Security Electrical distribution floor Conference room Emergency diesel generators (x2)

64 Auxiliary building Chimney HVAC Floor Health physics floor Bridge to reactor building Waste processing basement Fresh and spent fuel transfer tunnel He Purification and dispatch floor

65 Supply Chain Strategy 1. STL policy is to include the capable industry as partners. 2. SLT integration activities has to accept companies different design codes and data. 3. STL conceptually develops a Quality Plan/Manual to deal with different quality standards in the industry 4. Intellectual property (IP) of product will remain with the industry, where design and development cost is carried by the industry, or is part of their standard supply. 5. Specialized unique product will be designed by STL and the IP will remain with STL

66 Licensing process in the UK for generic plant design Step Input by Applicant Activities and Output by HSE Formally request to NIT Step 1: Time schedule and format of Design and safety case Acceptance licencing documents submission statement Scope of assessment tasks preparation Quality management system Step 2: Fundamental overview Step 3: Overall design safety review Step 4: Detail design assessment Safety philosophy PSAR Design and safety criteria Compliance to UIL regulations Codes Design control (Interface between design and safety) Waste management plan PSA approach ALARA Pre-construction safety report - Extent of safety case - ALARP - Proof claims in PSAR - Safety analysis - Confirmation and justification of design codes - Fault tree analysis and PSA - ALARA analysis Complete / outstanding safety case information - Technical specs - Training programmes - Emerging steps - Operational requirement - Radiation protection etc Concept assessment Permission to continue with step 3 1. Reviews: Review technical data Assess safety case development Assess QA arrangement Review independent verification Review waste plan 1. MII assessment report 2. Interim design acceptance confirmation Detail assessment according assessment plan Design acceptance confirmation

67 Time Schedule and costing

68 Time Schedule

69 Capital Cost The cost of progressive TH-100 plants decline with time due to: The amortization of once-off engineering costs incurred when building the 1 st plant The potential for economies of scale in the manufacture of components due to standardization of the plant.

70 Levelized Energy Cost

71 Thank You