WISE PORT & BUSINESS ENERGY MANAGEMENT: PORT FACILITIES, ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION

Transcription

1 WISE PORT & BUSINESS ENERGY MANAGEMENT: PORT FACILITIES, ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION Giuseppe Parise (Life Fellow IEEE) Sapienza University of Roma - Italy

2 Introduction This presentation highlights the relevance of analyzing the necessary development of the electrical infrastructures of ports and proposes a plan for enhancing and remodeling them.

3 INTRODUCTION ON PORT FACILITIES Ports are primarily industrial and commercial areas. The ports are the interface of maritime transport and are integrated in the surrounding land.

4 INTRODUCTION ON PORT FACILITIES LONG BEACH The ports are required to arrange their electrical power distribution systems in a microgrid, adequate even to power the ship from shore.

5 INTRODUCTION ON PORT FACILITIES VENICE Harbors must have an energy master plan.

6 Montecarlo Portofino Hong Kong The energy service management for electrical distribution systems has to be carried out like a new occasion of economic business by the port authorities.

7 The harbor areas cannot remain an assortment of uncoordinated systems, but need a comprehensive design and an efficient management to organize all the users/tenants as a common power system adequate to the new business of the energy service.

8 The implementation of renewable energies (offshore wind, photovoltaic panels, cogeneration & trigeneration, energy storage, etc.) could be possible with a natural evolution of the electrical systems in a common area of power demand as a microsystem.

9 INTRODUCTION ON PORT FACILITIES This presentation would focus the special requirements, characterizing port facilities so different among industrial facilities, and diverse from many other commercial facilities.

10 Different activities, related to the type of services offered, usually characterize the ports Typically, the electrical facilities of a seaport include : - Outdoor facilities and civil infrastructure such as docks, embarking and disembarking passengers and cargo areas; - Technical building - transport terms such as maritime stations, terminals and travel offices, stores, technology and service inside buildings, etc. - Buildings and public service facilities such as control centers and social and health assistance, customs and immigration, etc.

11 Typically, the electrical facilities ofa seaport include : - Civil structures for shipbuilding activities and industrial installations, etc. - Cruise Ship Terminals to accommodate cruising personnel on ships. - Container terminals to accommodate the movement of container loaded goods to and from ships.

12 Typically, the electrical facilities ofa seaport include : - Oil carriers to accommodate the passage of bunker fluids. - Marina docks to mooring and supply yachts and small boats. Grignano -Trieste

13 - Automated terminals more and more terminals are becoming almost 100% automated where no humans are used to move container loads within port terminals. - Lighting systems for parking areas, roads, railway sidings, industrial shipbuilding yard etc..

14 INTRODUCTION ON PORT FACILITIES All these covered and uncovered areas are equipped and serviced by more or less complex technological systems Two special areas are high energy absorbers, the container terminals (cranes and refrigeration container) and the docks for the shore to ship power supply.

15 The electrical needs and energy consumptions in the port activities are increased over time with many tens of megawatts.

16 reefers cranes offices lighting the container terminals cranes and refrigeration containers

17 Period 2012 Port of Los Angeles Port of Long Beach Total Annual Energy Consumption to MWh to MWh Peak Hourly Average Demand Minimum Hourly Average Demand Annual Average Demand Total Annual Cost of Demand and Energy 50 to 60 MW 40 to 50 MW 17 MW 15MW 27 MW 21 MW $28 to 32 MM $18 to 22 MM

18 OPERATIONAL APPROACH LOOKING TO A GLOBAL PORT In port areas usually close to residential districts, the risks coming from pollution are caused by sulphur oxides SOx, nitrogen oxide NOx and by particulate matter emissions PM from ship exhausts.

19 OPERATIONAL APPROACH LOOKING TO A GLOBAL PORT To protect the environment, the ships in ports have to stop the generators The port management has to take into consideration the shore to ship power systems, which compel the harmonization of the systems to allow supplying power to ships of different technologies.

20 OPERATIONAL APPROACH LOOKING TO A GLOBAL PORT The development of shore to ship technology is another important feature of port electric grid evolution, with the possibility of reversible utilization as a local generation. The shore to ship power systems comply with the standard IEC / ISO / IEEE, but many other standardizations are still necessary.

21 OPERATIONAL APPROACH LOOKING TO A GLOBAL PORT The shore to ship power system has to allow powering the ships by means of either 50 Hz or 60 Hz frequency, therefore, these systems can be replicated at the international level not only in Europe, but worldwide. The cold ironing requires a dedicated transformer with voltage side of the ship equal to 6.6 kv or 11kV. The typical load of cruise ships can take up to 11 MVA, while the load of container ships up to 3 MVA. Supply System System Voltage System Frequency Converter Voltage Ship Frequency Converter 3-winding transformer Ship transformer Converter Voltage System Frequency Ship Voltage Ship Frequency Ship Voltage System Frequency Shore to ship connection Safety Grounding

22 OPERATIONAL APPROACH LOOKING TO A GLOBAL PORT Supply System System Voltage System Frequency Converter Voltage Ship Frequency Converter 3-winding transformer Ship transformer Converter Voltage System Frequency Ship Voltage Ship Frequency Ship Voltage System Frequency Shore to ship connection Safety Grounding Block diagram of a typical described HVSC system arrangement.

23 The connection between the two systems is obtained thanks to sockets, SPO (Shore Power Outlet) placed on the dock by two cables coming from the ship and moved by a lifting member and connected by operators by means of CMS (Cable Management System).

24 The hole in the wharf is being worked on to complete the vault for installing the SPO box.

25 ENERGY MASTER PLAN OF PORTS The complex of power systems in a port is a relevant case of system that needs a comprehensive and permanent design Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle ISO energy management in a global approach (main innovation) To meet these goals, Business Continuity Management (BCM) is an essential component to be considered operational efficiency

26 ENERGY MASTER PLAN OF PORTS The BCM is effective to the degree that it recognizes the importance to organize and coordinate with an adequate and qualified technical staff: - analyzing its objectives and organization needs, - implementing and operating controls, measures and procedures reducing the energy consumptions, the utilization inefficiency and the loss of continuity service, prompt restoration of faults - monitoring and reviewing the effectiveness of the same management.

27 ENERGY MASTER PLAN OF PORTS A main matters objective for the BCM is to develop planning guidelines: for new advanced solutions of the electric infrastructure in port areas; for an integrated utilization of the services; for compatibility with shore to ship (cold ironing) power supply systems.

28 ENERGY MASTER PLAN OF PORTS Electrical distribution architecture has a vital impact on power system performances Ports require a general planning of predictable developments with a flexible distribution (road map). architecture efficiency

29 ENERGY MASTER PLAN OF PORTS architecture efficiency Advanced configurations are needed by a port area such as: - the loop configuration that requires special design of the protection plan in order to ensure discrimination in all of the fault circumstances.

30 ENERGY MASTER PLAN OF PORTS Advanced configurations are needed by a port area such as: - a multiple ended configuration involving independent sources as the utility and the local renewable ones. Power demand upper to 10 MW it is even recommendable a voltage supply in HV Supervision and remote control systems ensure an optimized economic and energy management, increasing the quality and the safety of the services.

31 A sample of a global distribution in a port

32 ENERGY MASTER PLAN OF PORTS In other words the global distribution in a port can be subdivided in: - a main loop of the primary MV distribution in all the areas, - secondary loops-islands of local MV distribution systems of transformers power stations, - tertiary distribution systems at special MV levels (3, 6, 11 kv own of the port) and LV levels (400 V, 1 kv).

33 THE PORT AS MICROGRID Considering the amount of power and the energy consumptions, the management of all the electrical systems such as a unique advanced grid is essential to constitute a wise system for port areas. Period 2012 Total Annual Energy Consumption Peak Hourly Average Demand Minimum Hourly Average Demand Annual Average Demand Port of Los Angeles to MWh Port of Long Beach to MWh 50 to 60 MW 40 to 50 MW 17 MW 15MW 27 MW 21 MW

34 THE PORT AS MICROGRID Harbor areas have to be considered as a unique energetic territory and new management business of energy have to be carried out by the port authorities. All the port systems, fed by a common integrated grid, can be arranged to achieve high degrees of quality and continuity, and save energy as well as reduce costs.

35 THE PORT AS MICROGRID The purpose is to promote the creation of micro-grids that would put together environmental necessities with quality of the services, promoting higher levels of: - Energy efficiency of the grid, considering the losses of the system; - Load diagram control, through utilization management, load shedding, recharge of vehicles and eventually storage management, evoluted drive system for the port cranes in order to optimize the energy absorptions, etc.; - Quality of energy (safety and emergency supply); - Safety (new configurations, distribution with nontraditional voltage levels, TN system with local transformers, local ground system, special components.

36 THE NEEDS OF NEW MANAGEMENT BUSINESS TECHNIQUES In the last years the European Union has actively promoted the liberalization of the electricity market in the Member States and has triggered political campaigns to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy. Similarly in USA Green Power is being promoted and encouraged.

37 THE NEEDS OF NEW MANAGEMENT BUSINESS TECHNIQUES These energy strategies are able to manage the considerable amount of energy generated and consumed within the port network. The distribution of electricity is still inadequate to meet the new demands of ecocompatibility; however many regulatory constraints and lack of new directives from management, impede the necessary innovation to meet the new environmental and energy goals.

38 THE NEEDS OF NEW MANAGEMENT BUSINESS TECHNIQUES A new vision: the liberalization of the electricity utilization and the related new rules the energy efficiency and renewable energy require a new strategy for electric energy utilization, because it is impossible to innovate without regulatory changes.

39 THE NEEDS OF NEW MANAGEMENT BUSINESS TECHNIQUES The suggested microgrid has to remain ever net-load and to guarantee that the power flow of local generation has to be maintained local. The impact on the net supply is reduced and the energy exchanges with impair costs are avoided or limited.

40 THE NEEDS OF NEW MANAGEMENT BUSINESS TECHNIQUES A study of the existing rules and laws for instance, in the area of costs for electrical power consumption, is important to facilitate all organizations involved, to distribute this cost fairly amongst all.

41 THE NEEDS OF NEW MANAGEMENT BUSINESS TECHNIQUES It is a common practice, most anywhere in the world, where the utility company billing includes a demand charge to terminal operators for electrical power consumption.

42 THE NEEDS OF NEW MANAGEMENT BUSINESS TECHNIQUES This demand charge is based on a short period peak power requirement, usually in Kilowatts, that the utility s customer is billed for every month. This demand charge is usually a large percentage of the total billings from the utility company, somewhere in the range of 35% to 50% of the total bill received.

43 THE NEEDS OF NEW MANAGEMENT BUSINESS TECHNIQUES The terminal operator may be in a position that receives one bill from the utility company, which not only includes the cold ironing power consumption, but also electricity cost for other equipment within the terminal, such as cranes, reefers, area lighting and buildings within the terminal.

44 THE NEEDS OF NEW MANAGEMENT BUSINESS TECHNIQUES Some existing rules and laws prohibit a terminal operator from re-billing others, after the utility company presents a billing to them. How can the terminal operator re-bill the ship owners in such a scenario, requires overcoming some challenges, under the existing rules and regulations.

45 CONCLUSIONS Actually the ports does not have a comprehensive energetic plan. This presentation has focused on the special requirements of electrical power systems serving port facilities that, despite being industrial and commercial areas of primary importance, are not sufficiently treated. This presentation proposes to plan guidelines for improvements that are aimed at creating a new vision of electric energy utilization for a port area.

46 CONCLUSIONS The energy service management for electrical distribution systems has to be carried out like a new occasion of economic business by the port authorities. The necessary innovation needs that the actual regulatory constraints are overcome and adequate to meet the new environmental and energy goals.

47 References G. Parise, L. Martirano, L. Parise, P. B. Chavdarian, Chun-Lien Su, A. Ferrante, A Wise Port and Business Energy Management: Port Facilities, Electrical Power Distribution. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Year 2016, Volume: 52, Issue: 1 Pages: 18-24, DOI: /TIA , G. Parise, E. Hesla R. Rifaat: Comprehensive Design of Electrical Installations by Integrating System Configuration and Operational Safety Aspects IEEE-IAS Annual Meeting October 2006, Tampa FL USA G. Parise: "Electrical Powers Systems in Harbour Area: Special Cases, ICE92-AIPCN-PIANC Permanent International Association Of Navigation Congresses, October , Genova Italy. G. Parise: "Electrical Power System Distribution for Marinas" AIPCN-PIANC, October 12-14, 1995, Ravenna, Italy, Design and operation of Marinas. Parise G., Martirano L., Mitolo M., TN - Island Grounding System and The House of The Future, 2006 IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, Oct Carni, D.L.; Grimaldi, D.; Lamonaca, F.; Martirano, L.; Parise, G., A smart control to operate the lighting system in the road tunnels, 2013 IEEE- IDAACS, Berlin, September 2013 G. Parise, E.Hesla, L..Parise: Transitions theory in operation of electrical installations Industry Applications IEEE Transactions on, 2013 Volume: 49, Issue: 3 G. Parise, L. Martirano, L. Parise, Evoluted Architectures for Smart Micro Grids, 2013 IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, Orlando (USA), 6-11 October 2103, G. Parise, E.Hesla, L.Parise, R. Pennacchia Switching Procedures In Multiple Source Systems And The Business Continuity Management: The Flock Logic Of Multi-Set Systems IEEE-IAS ICPS Technical Conference, 20 May - 23 May 2014 Worthington Renaissance Forth Worth Hotel Fort Worth, TX, USA G. Parise: Third Part, Chapter 20 "Electrical Structures in Harbour Area (pp ) Nautical and Maritime Engineering Handbook, U. Tomasicchio, Hoepli 3/2011. G. Parise, L. Martirano, L. Parise, The architecture of electric power systems: some special cases, IEEE I&CPS 2014, Fort Worth (Texas), May 2014 Parise, G. ; Parise, L. ; Mitolo, M.; Grounding System in Marinas: The Microsystem Approach, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 47, Issue 5. Parise G., Martirano L., Parise L., Ecodesign of Ever Net-Load Microgrids, 2012 IEEE/IAS Annual Meeting, 7-11 October 2012, Las Vegas NV, USA, G. Parise, L. Martirano, L. Parise, An example of a commercial/residential common microgrid integrating cogeneration and electrical local users, International Symposium, CIGRE, Bologna (Italy); September Parise G., Martirano L.: Circuits Operation Control And Overloads Protection, Transactions on Industry Applications, IEEE, Volume 36, Issue 1, Jan.-Feb IEC/ISO/IEEE Edition Utility connections in port Part 1: High Voltage Shore Connection (HVSC) Systems General requirements D. Paul, P.B. Chavdarian: A closer look at the Grounding of Shore-to-Ship Power Supply System IEEE/I&CPS Technical Conf., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, May 3-7 G. Parise, R.E. Nabours, B.McClung Relevance of competence in risk reduction for electrical safety Transactions IEEE/IAS volume 44 n.6 November December 2008

48 Giuseppe Parise (M'82-SM'03-F 10)) is currently a Full Professor of Electrical Power Systems at Sapienza University of Rome. He has authored about 300 papers and is the holder of two patents and three Prize Paper Awards by IEEE/IAS PSD. Prof. Parise has been a Member of Superior Council of Ministry of Public Works since He is active in the IEEE Industry Applications Society (past Member at Large of Executive Board), chair of the committee I&CPS Forensics and of the committee I&CPS Ports. He is chair of Italy Section Chapter IA34, a member expert of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), of the Italian Electrical Commission (CEI) and of the Electrical Italian Association (AEIT), the vice President of Association Safety Technology Research for Industry (ASTRI), President of AEIT Rome s Section. Since 1975 he has been a Registered Professional Engineer in Italy.

49 The presentation has made reference to the following publication: Wise Port and Business Energy Management: Port Facilities, Electrical Power Distribution and published on IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Year: 2016, Volume: 52, Issue: 1 Pages: 18-24, DOI: /TIA