Fifth National Report of the Russian Federation

Transcription

1 Fifth National Report of the Russian Federation On Compliance with the Obligations of the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management Khaperskaya A.V., State Corporation Rosatom November 21 22, 2017, AtomEco, Moscow

2 Key Topics Covered 1. National program, powers and responsibilities of the State Corporation Rosatom milestones in: SNF management, RW management, Decommissioning, Emergency preparedness, Transboundary movement, Sealed radioactive sources. 3. Overall progress and plans for the future. 2

3 National Program, Powers and Responsibilities of the State Corporation Rosatom

4 Fundamental Provisions of the National Program Type of Liability Practice Areas of the Strategy SNF Dry and wet storage Reprocessing of SNF from: WWER-440, BN-600, research reactors and other facilities at RT-1 plant (PA Mayak) WWER-1000 at PDC (FSUE MCC) Interim storage Reprocessing all main SNF types (MCC, PA Mayak) RW 1. Storage. Conditioning and pre-disposal treatment prior to RW transfer to the National Operator for disposal 2. Disposal of RW (LLW and ILW) from JSC UECC in the first unit of a near-surface disposal facility located at the UECC site 3. Deep well injection of LRW 4. Processing and analysis of the data from the Initial Registration of RW and RW sites, development and approval by the Government of the Russian Federation of lists covering RW disposal facilities, RW long-term storage facilities, facilities holding non-retrievable RW and disposal facilities for non-retrievable RW. Relevant information was filled into the SGUK RV and RAO data base. 5. Remediation of contaminated territories 1. Conditioning, pre-disposal treatment prior to RW transfer to the National Operator for disposal, transfer to the National Operator and disposal 2. Closure of operational repositories and immobilization of all LRW types prior to their disposal 3. Retrieval of retrievable legacy RW, their conditioning, transfer to the National Operator and disposal. In-situ disposal of legacy RW 4. Remediation of contaminated territories Disused Sealed Sources Decommissioning Storage in specialized organizations (FSUE RosRAO 2,200,000, FSUE Radon 488,000, FSUE PA Mayak 52,800, MCC 46,100, RIAR 29,400, SCC 21,300) Gaining operating experience 2 pilot demonstration centers were constructed In , 22 nuclear and radiation hazardous facilities were decommissioned, including: - PUGR EI-2 at SCC; - building B at VNIINM site located within the Moscow city boundaries Conditioning, transfer to the National Operator and disposal Development of a decommissioning program. Predecommissioning and decommissioning efforts are implemented at all sites in full life-cycle mode 4

5 Implementation Tools 1. Legal framework: 170-FZ On the Use of Atomic Energy; 190-FZ On the Management of Radioactive Waste; 3-FZ On the Radiation Safety of Population; 52-FZ On Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of Population; 7-FZ On the Environmental Protection; 317-FZ On the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom; and etc. 2. Powers of government bodies; 3. State programs and government procurement; 4. Activities of operating organizations. 5

6 State Programs and Plans 1. State Program on the Development of Russian Nuclear Power Generation Complex involves a number of Federal Target Programs: FTP NRS Nuclear and Radiation Safety in and until 2030 Sub-program Integrated Disposition of Nuclear Submarines implemented under FTP Industrial Disposition of Armaments and Military Equipment in and until 2020 FTP New Technology Platform State Funding of FTP NRS-2 until 2020, bln RUB Annual plans of activities on the implementation of the State Policy Fundamentals in the Field of Nuclear and Radiation Safety involving the development of: a legal framework covering RW and SNF management and nuclear decommissioning establishment of a Unified State System for RW Management 3. Plans and work schedules of different institutions State Funding for , bln RUB

7 Mission, Goals and Responsibilities of the State Corporation Rosatom Mission accomplishment of tasks associated with national defense, radiation and nuclear safety, socially acceptable production of atomic energy and achieving global leadership in advanced technologies based on latest achievements in nuclear science. Strategic goals until 2030: In 2017: to increase the Corporation s share in international markets; to reduce production costs and lead time; to develop new products for the Russian and international markets. 250,000 employees (mining and milling, nuclear fuel fabrication, NPPs, nuclear weapons, construction of NPPs in Russia and abroad, nuclear icebreaker fleet, services in the field of SNF and RW management and decommissioning). State management of atomic energy uses, including: Participation in the development of the State Policy in the field of atomic energy use. Recognizing an organization as an operating organization. Emergency response. Powers of a competent authority responsible for nuclear and radioactive material transportation. State accounting and control of radioactive substances, radioactive waste and nuclear materials. Powers and functions of state management authority in the field of RW management. International cooperation. 7

8 Responsibilities of SC Rosatom under the Joint Convention Nuclear and radiation safety at enterprises and in organizations being under SC Rosatom jurisdiction. Arranging for the management of SNF, RW and radioactive substances in Russia. Coordination of decommissioning efforts. Acting as a state customer and coordinator of state programs addressing nuclear legacy issues. Emergency preparedness. 8

9 Management of SNF, RW and Decommissioning Work Flows in SC Rosatom management Director for Public Policy on Radioactive Waste, Spent Nuclear Fuel and Nuclear Decommissioning coordination coordination Federal executive authorities Management Production Regulatory bodies Project office for SNF management system Core enterprises Contractors Rostechnadzor Ministry of Economic Development of Russia Project office for USS RW FSUE MCC FSUE RosRAO Sverdniikhim mash Rospotrebnadzor Ministry of Finance Project office for Nuclear Submarines decommissioning FSUE Radon JSC PDC UGR Khlopin Radium Institute VNIINM FMBA of Russia Ministry of Justice Office for nuclear legacy remediation programs JSC FC NRS EMERCOM of Russia Federal Service of State Statistics Office of International Programs FSUE National Operator RW Ministry of Natural Resources Rosprirodnadzor management coordination 9

10 Core Organizations Engaged in Decommissioning and SNF and RW Management - science and research - RW management - RW disposal - SNF management - decommissioning Andreeva Bay Murmansk Saida Bay Gremikha Radium Institute Leningrad Vilyuchinsk RADON VNIIHT Volgograd NIITFA Novovoronezh Saratov Nizhny Novgorod Samara Kazan Kirovo- Chepetsk NO RW Sverdlovsk RIAR IRM PA Mayak Blagoveshchensk Chelyabinsk PDC UGR NO RW MCC NO RW Khabarovsk Grozny Novosibirsk Irkutsk Fokino 10

11 Milestones

12 SNF Accumulated at NPP Sites by January 1, 2017 SNF amount, tons Practical efforts are being implemented to address the challenge of RBMK-1000 SNF accumulation at NPP sites 96% RBMK ,814.3 WWER , % 49% Technological level WWER- 440; Other EGP SNF filled storage capacity (NPP sites and central SF) high, acceptable, low hazard level 12

13 RBMK-1000 SNF Transfer to Dry Storage Construction of dry SNF storage facility was completed at FSUE MCC site (KhOT-2). TUK-11R-2 In : over 13,000 RBMK-1000 SFAs were delivered to KhOT-2 (FSUE MCC) from Leningrad and Kursk NPPs. Safe transportation of RBMK-1000 SNF unsuitable for storage is performed using purpose-built containers TUK-11R-2 accommodating ampules with SNF. 13

14 SNF Reprocessing RT-1 Plant at FSUE PA Mayak: SNF inventory subject to reprocessing: SNF from WWER-440 and BN-600 units, nuclear submarines (NS) and research reactors. In 2016, industrial reprocessing of RBMK-1000 unsuitable for storage was started. Kola NPP Novovoronezh NPP Beloyarsk NPP PA Mayak Research reactor SNF is being shipped for reprocessing (RIAR, IPPE, NRC Kurchatov Institute). SNF shipments are scheduled from MEPhI, TPU, NIIP, NITI, IRM, PNPI. NITI Kurchatov Institute, MEPhI NIIP IPPE RIAR PA Mayak IRM 14

15 WWER-1000 SNF Management at MCC KhOT-1: Additional safety assessments for the wet SNF storage facility; Certain efforts were performed at the wet storage facility enabling further shipment of WWER-1000 SNF ВВЭР-1000 with enhanced initial enrichment and burnup. KhOT-2: The second unit of WWER-1000 SNF storage facility was completed; Pilot operations on the transfer of SNF from wet storage facility to the dry one were performed. Pilot Demonstration Center for SNF Reprocessing (PDC) at FSUE MCC: Construction of the first start-up PDC unit for SNF reprocessing was completed (design capacity up to 5 t/year). Construction of the second PDC unit for SNF reprocessing is underway (design capacity of 250 t/year) 15

16 Managing SNF from Nuclear Icebreakers and Nuclear Submarines (NS) North-West: In 2017, NS SNF shipment was started from the Andreev Bay storage facility 5 out of 11 reactor cores with liquid metal fuel were shipped for reprocessing SNF was discharged from NS Papa and a nuclear powered cruiser Ushakov and shipped from the site Floating maintenance base Lepse: Designs for SNF disposition and retrieval were developed. SNF overpack was manufactured enabling to start activities A tool for SNF removal was manufactured and tested Far East: The total inventory of SNF generated in the past by Russian Navy was shipped from the Primorsk Territory (a total of 41 rail shipments to PA Mayak resulting in a total activity of 84,000,000 Ci). 16

17 SNF Transboundary Movement State Year Uzbekistan 2005, 2006, 2012, 2015 the Czech Republic 2007, 2013 Latvia 2008 Bulgaria 2008, 2009 Hungary 2008, 2013 Kazakhstan 2008, 2009, 2014, 2017 Romania 2009 Libya 2010 Poland 2009, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 Belarus 2010 Ukraine 2010, 2012 Serbia 2010 Vietnam 2013 A high safety level was achieved, including SNF air conveyance (8 shipments). RRFR (return of SNF from Russian-built research reactors) 17

18 USS RW Establishment First Stage Second Stage Third Stage Establishment of a Establishment of LLW and ILW disposal system legal framework Federal District Site Статус Ural JC UECC PA Mayak Firs DF unit under operation; second DF unit under construction Design development Sibirian JC SCC Design development Central - Volga - Southern - North-Western - Elaboration and evaluation of proposed sites Establishment of HLW disposal system Construction of an underground research laboratory Commissioning of a disposal facility for RW class 3 and 4, disposal of up to 200,000 m 3 of RW Achieving long-term safe storage configuration for storage facilities holding nonretrievable RW 188

19 RW: Inventory Registries and Lists LRW 479 mln m 3 ( Bq) Accumulated liquid radioactive waste (LRW) inventory breakdown: by volume by activity ILW RW generation (2016) LRW 0.8 mln m 3 ( Bq) SRW 0.72 mln t ( Bq) LLW SRW 77 mln m 3 ( Bq) Accumulated solid radioactive waste (SRW) by volume VLLW HLW ILW inventory breakdown: ILW HLW DSRS LLW HLW HLW LLW LLW by activity DSRS VLLW ILW LRW and SRW generation by volume dropped by 50 % and 40 % respectively as compared to 2013 Over 67 mln m 3 of liquid LLW and ILW were disposed of using the deep well injection method 19

20 V-9 reservoir capping Storage Water Reservoirs Capping Under FTP NRS-1, capping efforts were completed at the following LRW storage water reservoirs : B-2 at SCC; 354 at MCC; V-9 at FSUE PA Mayak. Under FTP NRS-2, decommissioning efforts are ongoing at surface LRW storage water reservoirs 365, 366 at MCC site; capping efforts at LRW storage reservoirs B-1, B-25, reservoir PKh-1, PKh-2 at SCC site and reservoir V-17 at PA Mayak site. 20

21 The Tech Cascade of Water Reservoirs the Largest Amount of RW Techa Cascade of Water Reservoirs, total activity of 300,000 Ci 65% of the accumulated RW inventory by volume. A Strategic Master Plan was developed. Result: comprehensive vision of TCR life cycle, relevant strategies and engineering solutions ensuring its long-term safety. Weir sills at by-pass channels eliminating the possibility of contaminated water overflow The risk of dam failure causing radioactive contamination of territories was eliminated 21

22 Managing SNF from Nuclear Icebreakers and Nuclear Submarines (NS) North-West: 4 out of 11 reactor cores with liquid metal fuel were shipped for reprocessing In 2017, SNF shipment from NS SNF storage facility at Andreev Bay was started SNF was discharged from NS Papa and a nuclear powered cruiser and shipped from the site Floating maintenance base Lepse: SNF overpack was manufactured enabling to start activities scheduled for 2018 A tool for SNF removal was manufactured and tested Far East: The total inventory of SNF generated in the past by Russian Navy was shipped from the Primorsk Territory (a total of 41 rail shipments to PA Mayak with a total activity of 84,000,000 Ci). 22

23 Integrated Hazard Index 1,0E+27 NRHFs Decommissioning. Водоем Reservoir Б-2 B-2 Объект Facility 354 Водоем Reservoir В-9 V-9 1,0E+24 1,0E+21 Completion of efforts 1,0E+18 Efforts started under FTP 1,0E+15 1,0E+12 1,0E+09 1,0E

24 Evaluating the Costs of Nuclear Decommissioning Assessment method Purpose Scope of application Method of refined design and estimates Funding through Federal budget or reserves ~ 200 facilities High-level analogue method To compare different decommissioning options up to 300 facilities High-level estimation of current costs Gaining assessment data 2010 facilities Hierarchical classifier of activities and unit costs (for NPP units) Refinment of high-level estimates 38 facilities (NPP units) 24

25 Standard Work-Flow Principle PUGR EI-2 building before decommissioning SNF removed. 2,800 tons of dismantled equipment. 60,000 m 3 of void space filled with barrier material. Continued monitoring of structures. Safety ensured for over 1,000 years. Upon completion of decommissioning activities PUGR EI- 2 was granted the status of a disposal facility for nonretrievable RW Filling with barrier material 25

26 Prioritization Principle uilding B at VNIINM site contaminated with long-lived radionuclides Pu-239, Am-241, U-235, U-238 Final stage of decommissioning Results: All process equipment was dismantled; Decontamination of building structures was performed; 1,417.2 m 3 RW with a total activity of 7,19 Е10 Bq transferred to specialized organizations; 25,206 m 3 «not contaminated» demolition waste removed from the site. Surface area of the remediated site 2,410 m 2. Site of B building released from regulatory control 26

27 Decommissioning in In , a total of 35 facilities were decommissioned under FTP NRS and FTP NRS-2; Decommissioning efforts are scheduled under FTP NRS-2. A total of 78 NRHFs are scheduled for decommissioning in Atomflot VNIINM IPPE VNIIHT CMP Kirovo- Chepetsk Chemical Combine RIAR PA Mayak PDC UGR MCC NCCP decommissioning completed SCC PIMCU ongoing decommissioning 27

28 Emergency Preparedness Unified State System for Prevention and Elimination of Emergencies (RSChS) EMERCOM of Russia. Industry-Wide System for Prevention and Elimination of Emergencies at Nuclear Sector Facilities (OSChS) State Corporation Rosatom. Situation and Crisis Center of the State Corporation Rosatom. Crisis Center of JSC Concern Rosenergoatom. Centers of scientific and technical support. Local crisis centers at enterprises. 28

29 Emergency Rescue Teams of the State Corporation Rosatom ERT Type Number of ERTs/ number of people professional 14/680 part time employed 55/1,702 Number of ERT employees with completed certificates 736 in 2016 (+7% as compared to 2015). Number of ERTs with completed certificates 30 in 2016 (+43% as compared with the average figures for 3 previous years). 382 emergency response drills, special tactical training exercises, teamheadquarters emergency training exercises and trainings completed in Participation of international observers from Sweden, Norway, Finland and other counties. Arctic-2016 exercises at Andreev Bay 29

30 Establishment and Expansion of Monitoring and Emergency Response Systems Number of automated radiation monitoring systems (ARMS) 1. Number of sensors % of areas with NRHFs pertaining to category 1 according to their hazard level are covered Number of areal and institutional ARMS 32. Number of sensors 502. nuclear facilities ARMS radiation monitoring station in Vologodonsk 32

31 Disused Sealed Sources As of the end of 2016, a total of 2,900,000 disused sealed sources were distributed between different organizations in the Russian Federation. Including: FSUE RosRAO - 2,200,000 disused sealed sources FSUE Radon 500,000 disused sealed sources The program on RTG shipment was completed. RTGs were completely eliminated from the Antarctic Continent, sea ways in the Far East and the Northern Sea Route. RTG disposition 33

32 Overall Progress and Plans for the Future

33 Plans for 2030 SNF reprocessing rate exceeds SNF generation rate Safe long-term dry storage was ensured for 100 % of federally owned RBMK SNF; New-generation SNF reprocessing plant was constructed; 100 % of federally owned SNF was reprocessed RW disposal rate exceeds RW generation rate RW disposal facilities are operated: 6 surface DFs; 1 underground DFs. 6 regional RW processing complexes are operated; Over 50 % of federally owned solid RW were disposed of. Nuclear decommissioning rate ensures minimum risks and costs: A total of 82 NRHFs were decommissioned, including: 7 production uranium graphite reactors, 2 nuclear icebreakers, 16 nuclear service ships; 4,300,000 m 2 of radioactively contaminated territories were remediated. FNP containing a list of scheduled activities for medium and long-term perspective and relevant costs. The following FNPs were approved and funded: FTP NRS-2 until 2030; subprogram Industrial Disposition of Nuclear Submarines, Nuclear-Powered Surface Ships, Nuclear Service Ships and Remediation of Radioactively Contaminated Sites in and until 2020; Plans drafted every three years ensuring the implementation of activities pursuant to regulations approved by the President and the Government of the Russian Federation (State Policy Fundamentals of the Russian Federation in the Field of Nuclear and Radiation Safety, plans under the second stage of USS RW development). 33

34 Good practice Creation of a consolidated centralized complex for SNF management at SCC site: The centralized storage facilities ( dry and wet ), SNF reprocessing MOX fuel fabrication facilities Prioritization of decommissioning projects based on the evaluation of NF state and the NF site (location). building B located at JC VNIINM site. Standard work flow set up Reactor EI-2 located at SCC site was chosen out of 12 shutdown production uranium graphite reactors Lessons learned will be applied during the implementation of a series of projects on PUGR decommissioning. 34

35 Good performance Establishment and deployment of a Unified State System for RW Management. The Initial Registration of Radioactive Waste and RW Sites Key regulations and framework arrangements начало создания системы пунктов захоронения РАО Criteria used to define waste as radioactive waste RW classification system based on waste disposal routes The first unit of a near-surface disposal facility (UECC, Novouralsk). Efforts aimed at ensuring environmentally safe configuration of surface water reservoirs for LRW storage Capping efforts were completed at a number of surface water reservoirs for LRW storage: B-2 at SCC, 354 at MCC, V-9 at PA Mayak. Establishment of an SNF management system. Construction of a dry SNF storage facility (KhOT-2) Construction of the first start-up unit of a Pilot Demonstration Center for advanced SNF reprocessing Shipment of accumulated SNF for centralized storage and reprocessing 35

36 Thank you for your attention! 36