(a) Put names on the phases and show what phases that are in equilibrium in the different areas of the phase diagram.
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1 Sett 5 Theme: Phase diagrams The tasks are cut from earlier exams. Task 1 Assume that the phases in the binary diagram under in Fig. 1. has such a minor solid solubility that they can be represented by lines in the phase diagram. (a) Put names on the phases and show what phases that are in equilibrium in the different areas of the phase diagram. Mark the points for invariant reactions. (b) Sketch and comment the cooling curve (temperature as function time) for a sample with overall composition of 65 mol% B. Assume that the sample is in equilibrium during the whole cooling process. (c) What invariant reactions exists in Figur 1. Argument for your answer.
2 Task 2 A binary phase diagram with the components A and B have the following features: The end phase, α, dissolves maximum 10% B, while the other end phase, β, dissolves maximum 15% A. The phase γ with average composition A2B have very low solid solubility and melts incongruently at 1050 K. At x B = 0.6 and T = 850 K there is an etecticum. The phase α melts at 1250 K for x B = 0 and phase β melts at 1300 K for x B = 1. (a) Sketch the phase diagram. Mark the phases that are in equilibrium in the different areas of the phase diagram. (b) Consider the isopleth through xb = 0.75 in the binary system above. Scetch the cooling curve (temperatyr on the y-axis and time on the x-axis) for the isopleth. Assume equilibrium through the whole course. Start at a temperature above the liquidus curve and end at a temperature below the solidus curve. Use the condense phase rule to describe important features of the evolution of the curve. Task 3 (a) Examine the appended phase diagram for the system aliminium manganese. Mark all one-phase areas on the diagram. (b) The phase diagram Al Mn show many reactions that thermodynamically shall proceed at a constant temperature. Give one example of each principally different types that you find represented in the phase diagram. (c) In the binary system A B there ar following phases and relations: Phase α with 0 weight% B melts at 1065 C. The maximum solubility of component B is 4 weight % ved 500 C. Phase β contains 6 weight % B and have neglectable solid solubility. It is stable between 450 and 250 C. Phase ζ have maximum homogenity range from 7 to 12 weight % B, and forms from α ant melt at 500 C. Phase δ melts congruently at 420 C and is stoichiometric with 37.5 weight % B. The phases ε and η forms peritectic at respectively 310 and 250 C. Both are stoichiometric phases and contain 54.5 og 70.6 weight % B, respectively. The phase η is not stable below 100 C. Phase θ is almost free of component A and melts at 230 C.
3 There are two eutectica in the system. One has ha melt with composition of 20 weight % B at 280 C. The other has a melt with 90 weight % B at 220 C. Use the data above to draw the phase diagram. (d) A sample with 50 weight% B is in equilibrium at room temperature. What phases does the sample contain, and how large ratio of the sample are these phases? (e) Given that the components A and B are pure elements with atomic weights of respectively g/mol. Find formulas for the stoichiometric phases δ, ε og η.
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5 Oppgave 4 Sketch a binary phase diagram that contains one of each of the following ractions: eutectic, peritectic, monotectic, eutectoid, peritectoid. Oppgave 5 (a) Neodym (Nd) exists in multiple crystalline modifications. What is this phenomenon called? (b) One of the three crystalline modifications that Neodym can take is stable at high pressures, another is stable at high temperature. Sketch a (p, T) phase diagram for Nd. (c) The figure below shows La Nd. Identify the one-phase areas. Describe invariant phase reactions (P + F = C + 1) Comment on liquidus/solidus.
6 Oppgave 6 (a) Sketch a two-component phase diagram with fully solid solubility between the end phases. Describe how the unit cell volume varies for such a phase with solid solubility. What factors are or importance for the extension of solid solubility in a given system? (b) Consider a hypotetical binary oxide system AO 2 B 2 O 3 with an incongruently melting phase, AB 2 O 5. Assume that there is no solid solubility. Sketch the phase diagram. (c) In the phase diagram under, there are som errors (or rather spechial situations). Mark these on the figure and discuss these in relation to the phase rule.
7 Task 7 (a) The figure below shows the phase diagram for Pt Si. Name the single-phases, and describe what happens at all invariant reactions (P + F = C + 1). Task 8 The figure below shows the phase diagram for the binary systems Au Pb, Au Te og Pb Te. (a) Discuss chortly all invariant reactions (in relation to the condensed phase rule). (b) What does a sample with composition Au 60 Te 40 contain at room temperature (assume equilibrium)? Give the ratios of the phases in mol% and weight%. (Atomic masses: Au = g/mol, Te = 127, 60 g/mol).
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