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1 Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Green Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Supplementary Material Co II immobilized on aminated Fe 3 nanoparticles (Fe 3 NH 2 -Co II NPs): a novel, inexpensive and highly efficient heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst for Suzuki Miyaura and Heck Mizoroki cross coupling reactions in green media Arezou Mohammadinezhad, Batool Akhlaghinia* *Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad , Iran.
2 Experimental General The purity determinations of the products and the progress of the reactions were accomplished by TLC on silica gel polygram STL G/UV 254 plates (preparative TLC was carried out using a Merck GF 254 silica gel on a glass support) or column chromatography on silica gel 60 ( mesh) and GC-17A Shimadzu device.. The melting points of the products were determined with an Electrothermal Type 9100 melting point apparatus. The FT-IR spectra were recorded on pressed KBr pellets using an AVATAR 370 FT-IR spectrometer (Therma Nicolet spectrometer, USA) at room temperature in the range between 4000 and 400 cm -1 with a resolution of 4 cm -1. The NMR spectra were provided by Brucker Avance 300, 400 and 500 MHz instruments in CDCl 3 in the presence of tetramethylsilane as the internal standard and the coupling constants (J values) are given in Hz. Elemental analyses were performed using a Thermo Finnigan Flash EA 1112 Series instrument (furnace: 900 C, oven: 65 C, flow carrier: 140 ml min -1, flow reference: 100 ml min -1 ). Mass spectra were recorded with a CH7A Varianmat Bremem instrument at 70 ev electron impact ionization, in m/z (rel%). X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was performed on a PANalytical Company X'Pert Pro MPD diffractometer with Cu Ka radiation ((λ = nm) radiation. BET surface area and pore size distribution were measured on a Belsorp mini II system at 196 C using N 2 as the adsorbate. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed with a Leo 912 AB (120 kv) microscope (Zeiss, Germany). FE-SEM images were recorded using a TESCAN, Model: MIRA3 scanning electron microscope operating at an acceleration voltage of 30.0 kv (manufactured by the Czech Republic). Elemental compositions were determined with an SC7620 energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) presenting a 133 ev resolution at 20 kv. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA and DTG) were carried out using a Shimadzu Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TG-50) in the temperature range of C at a heating rate of 10 C min -1, under air atmosphere. Hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR) was carried out using a Quantachrome ChemBET The magnetic property of catalyst was 2
3 measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM, Magnetic Danesh Pajoh Inst). Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-ES) was carried out on a SPECTR ARCS ICP-ES analyzer. All yields refer to isolated products after purification by thin layer chromatography/ or column chromatography. In addition, all of the products were known compounds and they were characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry and comparison of their melting points with known compounds. Fig. S1. XRD pattern of Boehmite NPs (a), Fe 3 NPs (b), Fe 3 2 -Co II NPs (c) and 7 th reused Fe 3 NH 2 -Co II NPs (d). 3
4 Table 1. Specific surface area (S BET ), pore volume and mean pore diameter of Boehmite NPs (a), Fe 3 NPs (b) and Fe 3 2 -Co II NPs (c). Samples S BET (m 2 g -1 ) Total pore volume (cm 3 g -1 ) Mean pore diameter (nm) Boehmite NPs Fe 3 NPs Fe 3 2 -Co II NPs a 200 b V 0 /cm 3 (STP) g V 0 /cm 3 (STP) g P/P 0 p/p c 200 V 0 /cm 3 (STP) g P/P 0 Fig. S2. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm of Boehmite NPs (a), Fe 3 NPs (b) and Fe 3 2 -Co II NPs (c). 4
5 Fig. S3. TEM images of the fresh Fe 3 2 -Co II NPs (a and b) and 7 th recovered Fe 3 NH 2 -Co II NPs (c and d). Frequency (%) Particle size (nm) Fig. S4. Particle size distribution histogram of Fe 3 2 -Co II NPs. 5
6 Fig. S5. FE-SEM images of Fe 3 2 -Co II NPs. Fig. S6. EDX spectrum of Fe 3 2 -Co II NPs. 6
7 Table 2. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis (EA) results. Samples Weight loss (%) rganic grafted segments (mmol g -1 ) Elemental analysis (%) C N Fe 3 NPs Fe Fe 3 2 -Co II NPs a a triethylenetetramine Fig. S7. TGA thermograms of Fe 3 NPs (a), Fe 3 (b), Fe 3 2 -Co II NPs (c) and 7 th reused Fe 3 NH 2 -Co II NPs (d). 7
8 Fig. S8. H 2 -TPR curves of Fe 3 2 -Co II NPs (a) and 7 th reused Fe 3 NH 2 -Co II NPs (b). Fig. S9. Magnetization curves of Fe 3 NPs (a) and Fe 3 2 -Co II NPs (b). 8
9 Table 3. ptimization of reaction conditions for Suzuki Miyaura coupling reaction. I B(H) 2 Entry Catalyst (mol%) Molar ratio of 4- Iodobenzene/Base Base Solvent Temperature ( C) Time (min) Isolated Yield (%) /2 K 2 C 3 DMF /2 K 2 C 3 DMS /2 K 2 C 3 PEG /2 K 2 C 3 THF (h) /2 K 2 C 3 n-hexane (h) /2 K 2 C 3 Toluene (h) /2 K 2 C 3 1,4-Dioxane (h) /2 K 2 C 3 CH 3 CN (h) /2 K 2 C 3 EtH /2 K 2 C 3 H H (h) /2 Li 2 C 3 H /2 NaHC 3 H /2 K 3 P 4 H /2 KH H /3 KH H /4 KH H /3 KH H /3 KH H /3 KH H /3 KH H 2 R.T 5 (h) /3 KH H /3 KH H /3 KH H (h) (g) a 1/3 KH H (h) 20 9
10 (g) b 1/3 KH H (h) (g) c 1/3 KH H (h) (g) d 1/3 KH H (h) e 1/3 KH H (h) 40 a Reaction was performed in the presence of Fe 3 4 NPs. b Reaction was performed in the presence of Fe 3 NPs. c Reaction was performed in the presence of Fe 3 d Reaction was performed in the presence of Fe 3 2. e Reaction was performed in the presence of CoCl 2.6H 2. 10
11 Table 4. ptimization of reaction conditions for Heck Mizoroki cross coupling reaction. I Me Me Entry Catalyst (mol%) Molar ratio of 4- Iodobenzene/Base Base Solvent Temperature ( C) Time (min) Isolated Yield (%) /2 K 2 C 3 DMF /2 K 2 C 3 DMS /2 K 2 C 3 PEG /2 K 2 C 3 THF (h) /2 K 2 C 3 n-hexane (h) /2 K 2 C 3 Toluene (h) /2 K 2 C 3 1,4- dioxane (h) /2 K 2 C 3 CH 3 CN (h) /2 K 2 C 3 EtH /2 K 2 C 3 H /2 Li 2 C 3 H /2 NaHC 3 H /2 KH H /2 K 3 P 4 H H (h) /3 K 3 P 4 H /4 K 3 P 4 H
12 /5 K 3 P 4 H /4 K 3 P 4 H /4 K 3 P 4 H /4 K 3 P 4 H /4 K 3 P 4 H 2 R.T 5 (h) /4 K 3 P 4 H /4 K 3 P 4 H /4 K 3 P 4 H (h) (g) a 1/4 K 3 P 4 H (h) (g) b 1/4 K 3 P 4 H (h) Trace (g) c 1/4 K 3 P 4 H (h) Trace (g) d 1/4 K 3 P 4 H (h) Trace e 1/4 K 3 P 4 H (h) 35 a Reaction was performed in the presence of Fe 3 4 NPs. b Reaction was performed in the presence of Fe 3 NPs. c Reaction was performed in the presence of Fe 3 d Reaction was performed in the presence of Fe 3 2. e Reaction was performed in the presence of CoCl 2.6H 2. 12
13 Fig. S10. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of methyl 3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylate (2c). Fig. S11. Time-dependent correlation of the yield (a) and cobalt leaching (b) in model reaction. 13
14 Fig. S12. Time-dependent correlation of the yield of Heck-Mizoroki cross coupling reaction in the absence (a) and in the presence (b) of Boehmite-NH 2 NPs. 14
15 1, 1'-Biphenyl (1a): [1] Mp C (Lit C); 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 7.55 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 4H), 7.39 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 4H), (m, 2H); 13 C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ , , , ; MS, m/z (%): 154 [M + ]. gure 1-A: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of 1, 1'-Biphenyl (1a). Fi 15
16 Figure 1-B: 13 C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of 1, 1'-Biphenyl (1a). Figure 1-C: Mass spectrum of 1, 1'-Biphenyl (1a). 16
17 4-Nitro-1, 1'-biphenyl (1b): [2] Mp C (Lit C); 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.33 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), (m, 3H); 13 C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ , , , , , , , ; MS, m/z (%): 199 [M + ]. 2 N Figure 2-A: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of 4-Nitro-1, 1'-biphenyl (1b). 17
18 2 N Figure 2-B: 13 C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of 4-Nitro-1, 1'-biphenyl (1b). 18
19 2 N Figure 2-C: Mass spectrum of 4-Nitro-1, 1'-biphenyl (1b). 19
20 4-Chloro-1, 1'-biphenyl (1c): [3] Mp C (Lit C); MS, m/z (%): 189 [M + ]. Cl Figure 3-C: Mass spectrum of 4-Chloro-1, 1'-biphenyl (1c). 4-Methoxy-1, 1'-biphenyl (1d): [4] Mp C (Lit C); 1 NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.45 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 4H), 7.34 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.21 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H); 13 C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ , , , , , , , 55.36; MS, m/z (%): 184 [M + ]. 20
21 Me Figure 4-A: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of 4-Methoxy-1, 1'-biphenyl (1d). 21
22 Me gure 4-B: 13 C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of 4-Methoxy-1, 1'-biphenyl (1d). Fi 22
23 Me Figure 4-C: Mass spectrum of 4-Methoxy-1, 1'-biphenyl (1d). 4-Methyl-1, 1'-biphenyl (1e): [5] Mp C (Lit C); 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 7.64 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.47 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H) ppm; 13 C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ , , , , , , , , ppm. 23
24 Me Figure 5-A: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of 4-Methyl-1, 1'-biphenyl (1e). 24
25 Me Figure 5-B: 13 C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of 4-Methyl-1, 1'-biphenyl (1e). 25
26 3-Methyl-4-phenylnitrobenzene (1f): [6] Mp C (Lit C); MS, m/z (%): 213 [M + ]. 2 N Figure 6-C: Mass spectrum of 2-Methyl-4-nitro-1, 1'-biphenyl (1f). 26
27 2-Phenylthiophene (1g): [7] Mp C (Lit C); 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (m, 2H), (m, 6H). S Figure 7-A: 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of 2-Phenylthiophene (1g). 27
![4-Cyano-1, 1'-biphenyl (1j): [8] Mp 85-87 C (Lit. 84-86 C); 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.70-7.77 (q, 4H), 7.62 (d, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.46-7.](/docs-images/78/77634953/images/28-0.jpg "54 (m, 3H); 13 C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 145.68, 139.19, 132.60, 129.11, 128.66, 127.74, 127.23, 118.94, 110.93; MS, m/z (%): 179 [M + ].")
28 4-Cyano-1, 1'-biphenyl (1j): [8] Mp C (Lit C); 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (q, 4H), 7.62 (d, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), (m, 3H); 13 C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ , , , , , , , , ; MS, m/z (%): 179 [M + ]. NC Figure 8-A: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of 4-Cyano-1, 1'-biphenyl (1j). 28
29 NC Figure 8-B: 13 C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of 4-Cyano-1, 1'-biphenyl (1j). NC Figure 8-C: Mass spectrum of 4-Cyano-1, 1'-biphenyl (1j). 29
30 4-Phenylbenzaldehyde (1k): [9] Mp C (Lit C); 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 9.96 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H); MS, m/z (%): 182 [M + ]. HC Figure 9-A: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of [1, 1 -biphenyl]-4-carbaldehyde (1k). 30
31 HC Figure 9-C: Mass spectrum of [1, 1 -biphenyl]-4-carbaldehyde (1k). 31
32 Biphenyl-3-carboxaldehyde (1l): [10] Mp C (Lit C); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (s, 1H), 8.13 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (dd, J = 7.5, 1.5 Hz, 2H), (m, 3H), (m, 2H), 7.43 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H); MS, m/z (%): 182 [M + ]. HC Figure 10-A: 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of [1, 1 -biphenyl]-3-carbaldehyde (1l). 32
33 HC Figure 10-C: Mass spectrum of [1, 1 -biphenyl]-3-carbaldehyde (1l). (E)-Methyl cinnamate (2a): [11] Mp C (Lit C); 1 H NMR (CDCl 3, 400 MHz) δ 7.60 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), (m, 2H), (m, 3H), 6.35 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H); 13 C NMR (CDCl 3, 100 MHz) δ 166.9, 144.4, , 129.8, 128.4, 127.6, 117.4, 51.2; MS, m/z (%): 162 [M + ]. 33
34 Figure 11-A: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Methyl cinnamate (2a). Figure 11-B: 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Methyl cinnamate (2a). 34
35 Figure 11-C: Mass spectrum of (E)-Methyl cinnamate (2a). (E)-Methyl 3-(4-nitrophenyl) acrylate (2b): [11] Mp C (Lit C); 1 H NMR (CDCl 3, 300 MHz): δ 8.25 (d, 2H, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.71 (s, 1H, J = 16.1 Hz), 7.68 (d, 2H, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.57 (d, 1H, J = 16.1 Hz), 3.84 (s, 3H); 13 C NMR (CDCl 3, 75 MHz): δ 52.3, 122.3, 124.4, 128.8, 140.7, 142.1, 148.7, 166.6; MS, m/z (%): 207 [M + ]. 35
36 2 N Figure 12-A: 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Methyl 3-(4-nitrophenyl) acrylate (2b). 2 N igure 12-B: 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Methyl 3-(4-nitrophenyl) acrylate (2b). F 36
37 2 N Figure 12-C: Mass spectrum of (E)-Methyl 3-(4-nitrophenyl) acrylate (2b). (E)-Methyl 3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylate (2c): [12] Mp C (Lit C); 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 7.63 (d, J = 16.0, 1H), 7.44 (d, J = 8.5, 2H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.6, 2H), 6.40 (d, J = 16.0, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 167.2, 143.4, 136.3, 133.0, 129.3, 129.3, 118.5, 51.8; MS, m/z (%): 196 [M + ]. 37
38 Cl Figure 13-A: 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Methyl 3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylate (2c). Cl Figure 13-B: 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Methyl 3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylate (2c). 38
39 Cl igure 13-C: Mass spectrum of (E)-Methyl 3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylate (2c). F (E)-Methyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate (2d): [13] Mp C (Lit C); 1 H NMR (CDCl 3, 400 MHz): δ 7.67 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), 6.33 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.81 (s, 3H); 13 C NMR (CDCl 3, 100 MHz): δ 167.8, 161.5, 144.6, 129.8, 127.2, 115.5, 114.4, 55.5, 51.6; MS, m/z (%): 192 [M + ]. 39
40 Me Figure 14-A: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Methyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate (2d). Me igure 14-B: 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Methyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate (2d). F 40
41 Me Figure 14-C: Mass spectrum of (E)-Methyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate (2d). (E)-Methyl 3-(p-tolyl) acrylate (2e): [14] Mp C (Lit C); 1 H NMR (CDCl 3, 400 MHz); δ 7.69 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), 6.42 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 3.81(s, 3H), 2.39 (s, 3H); 13 C NMR (CDCl 3, 100 MHz): δ 167.6, , 140.7, 131.7, 129.6, 128.0, 116.7, 51.6, 21.5; MS, m/z (%): 177 [M + ]. 41
42 Figure 15-A: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Methyl 3-(p-tolyl) acrylate (2e). Figure 15-B: 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Methyl 3-(p-tolyl) acrylate (2e). 42
43 Figure 15-C: Mass spectrum of (E)-Methyl 3-(p-tolyl) acrylate (2e). (E)-Methyl 3-(4-cyanophenyl)acrylate (2i): [13] Mp C (Lit C); 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 7.67 (d, J = 8.4, 2H), 7.66 (d, J = 16.1, 1H), 7.60 (d, J = 8.3, 2H), 6.51 (d, J = 16.0, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 166.6, 142.5, 138.8, 132.7, 128.5, 121.5, 118.4, 113.6, 52.0; MS, m/z (%): 187 [M + ]. 43
44 NC igure 16-A: 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Methyl 3-(4-cyanophenyl)acrylate (2i). F NC Figure 16-B: 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Methyl 3-(4-cyanophenyl)acrylate (2i). 44
45 NC Figure 16-C: Mass spectrum of (E)-Methyl 3-(4-cyanophenyl)acrylate (2i). (E)-Butyl cinnamate (2j): [15] il; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 7.60 (1H, d, J = 16.4 Hz, CHPh), (2H, m, Ph), (3H, m, Ph), 6.36 (1H, d, J = 16.0 Hz, CHC), 4.13 (2H, t, J = 6.8 Hz, CH 2 ), (2H, m, MeCH 2 CH 2 ), (2H, m, MeCH 2 ), 0.88 (3H, t, J = 7.6 Hz, Me); 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 13.7, 19.2, 30.8, 64.3, 118.2, 128.0, 128.8, 130.1, 134.4, 144.4,
46 Figure 17-A: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Butyl cinnamate (2j). igure 17-B: 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Butyl cinnamate (2j). F 46
47 (E)-Butyl 3-(4-nitrophenyl)acrylate (2k): [16] Mp C (Lit C); 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 8.20 (2H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, Ph), (3H, m, Ph and CHAr), 6.53 (1H, d, J = 16.0 Hz, CHC), (2H, m, CH 2 ), (2H, m, MeCH 2 CH 2 ), (2H, m, MeCH 2 ), 0.92 (3H, t, J = 7.2 Hz, Me); 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 13.6, 19.1, 30.6, 64.7, 122.5, 124.0, 128.6, 140.5, 141.5, 148.3, N Figure 18-A: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Butyl 3-(4-nitrophenyl) acrylate (2k). 47
48 2 N Figure 18-B: 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Butyl 3-(4-nitrophenyl) acrylate (2k). 48
49 (E)-n-Butyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)acrylate (2l): [17] Mp C (Lit C); 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.62 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.41 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.21 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), (m, 2H), 1.44 (dq, J = 14.7, 7.4 Hz, 2H), 0.96 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H); 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 166.8, 143.1, 136.1, 133.0, 129.2, 129.2, 118.9, 64.6, 30.7, 19.2, Cl ure 19-A: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Butyl 3-(4-chlorophenyl) acrylate (2l). Fig 49
50 Cl Figure 19-B: 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Butyl 3-(4-chlorophenyl) acrylate (2l). (E)-Butyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate (2m): [18] Mp C (Lit C); 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 7.58 (1H, d, J= 16.0 Hz, CHAr), 7.39 (2H, d, J= 4.2 Hz, Ph), 6.81 (2H, d, J= 4.8 Hz, Ph), 6.24 (1H, d, J= 16.0 Hz, CHC), 4.13 (2H, t, J= 7.0 Hz, CH 2 ), 3.72 (3H, s, Me), (2H, m, MeCH 2 CH 2 ), (2H, m, MeCH 2 ), 0.91 (3H, t, J= 7.0 Hz, Me); 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 51.64, 55.0,114.1,115.5,127.0,129.5, 144.0, 161.2, 167.1; MS (EI): m/z = 234 [M + ]. 50
51 Me Figure 20-A: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Butyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl) acrylate (2m). Me Figure 20-B: 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Butyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl) acrylate (2m). 51
52 Me Figure 20-C: Mass spectrum of (E)-Butyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl) acrylate (2m). (E)-Butyl 3-(p-tolyl)acrylate (2n): [19] il; 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 7.52 (1H, d, J = 18.2 Hz, CHAr), (2H, m, Ph), (2H, m, Ph), 6.30 (1H, d, J = 16 Hz, CHC), 4.09 (2H, t, J = 5.0 Hz, CH 2 ), 2.24 (3H, s, MePh), (2H, m, MeCH 2 CH 2 ), (2H, m, MeCH 2 ), 0.85 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz, Me); 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 13.7, 19.2, 21.4, 30.8, 64.2, 117.1, 128.0, 129.5, 131.7, 140.5, 144.5,
53 Figure 21-A: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Butyl 3-(p-tolyl) acrylate (2n). Figure 21-B: 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Butyl 3-(p-tolyl) acrylate (2n). 53
54 (E)-Butyl 3-(thiophen-2-yl)acrylate (2o): [20] il; 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.78 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 6.24 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.20 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), 0.94 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H); 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 167.0, 139.6, 137.0, 130.8, 128.3, 128.1, 117.1, 64.4, 30.8, 19.2, S Figure 22-A: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Butyl 3-(thiophen-2-yl) acrylate (2o). 54
55 S Figure 22-B: 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of (E)-Butyl 3-(thiophen-2-yl) acrylate (2o). 55
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