Baltic Ecological Recycling Agriculture and Society (BERAS) EU-founded BSR Interreg IIIB Project

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1 Baltic Ecological Recycling Agriculture and Society (BERAS) EU-founded BSR Interreg IIIB Project Baltic Sea Introduction Co-ordinator ordinator Artur Granstedt SLU and SBFI 48 farms, 20 partners in 8 countries Drainage Basin

2 The problem Phytoplankton bloom

3 The environment in Baltic Sea mirror of 85 million peoples use of natural resources in the Drainage Basin Oxygen deficiency

4 Gross load nitrogen BSR from human activities 10% 2% 8% Year 2000: tonnes (Tot incl backgr ) HELCOM % 0% agriculture 8% 59% forestry deposition priv ww industries munic ww fishfarms Gross load phosphorus BSR from human activities 24% 4% 14% 2% 1% Year 2000: tonnes (Tot incl backgr ) (HELCOM 2005) 0% agriculture 55% forestry deposition priv ww industries munic ww fishfarms

5 Ecological sustainability based on Renewable energy, Recycling and Diversity of life

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9 Nitrogen balance Swedish Nitrogen balance Finnish agriculture agriculture Difference between input and output N kg/ha Total input Artificial fertilizer Total input Artificial fertilizer Increasing surplus i.e. losses of reactive nitrogen Agricultural production Agricultural production Year Year

10 Input N kg/ha Separation and Specialisation in crop production farms and Out put N kg/ha Artificial Fertilizers seed + depos. Grain 100 ( Feed 80 %) Surplus and Losses 50 Nitrogen balance N kg /ha and year Average, 265 crop farms according greppa näringen Sweden, 2005 )

11 ..and specialised Animal production farms Input 264 N kg/ha Out put 106 N kg/ha Purchased feed seed Fertilizers N-fix + depos. Own feed 134 Animal products 74 Animal manure 32 Nitrogen and phosphorus balance N kg/ha and year example of a specialised animal farm Dairy farm Malmöhus County Sweden kg ( A.Granstedt/ Agriculture, Ecosystems and environment 80,2000, ) Surplus 166

12 With regional concentration

13 Nitrogen surplus on 465 dairy farms

14 New EU states Nutrient extensive agriculture today Small-scale diversified farms (Poland) Large unused areas (Latvia)! Risk for separation, specialisation and intensification! Higher nutrient leakage

15 Ecological Recycling Agriculture (ERA) he ossible olution?

16 Interaction between recycling agriculture and the society Necessary for effective recycling and reduction of harmful emissions to water (regional -) and atmospheric (global) consequences

17 BERAS working packages WP 1 - Consumer-producer cooperation WP 2 - Environmental consequences WP 3 - Economic consequences WP 4 - Sociological consequences WP 5 - Dissemination and implementation

18 Load of Nitrogen Total N load highest in Poland but four times higher per capita in Sweden and Finland

19 Sources for leaking nitrogen - Sweden N load (kt/year) Gross load Net load Total Anthropogenic Agriculture

20 The Baltic Sea Nearly closed basin Low water exchange Low salt content