Evaluation of Tests To Assess Stripping Potential of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures
|
|
- Christian Fields
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 18 TRASPORTATIO RESEARCH RECORD 1171 Evaluation of Tet To Ae Stripping Potential of Aphalt Concrete Mixture FRAZIER PARKER JR., AD FouAD A. GHARAYBEH Stre pedetal, boll, and Indirect tenile tet were evaluated for aeing the tripping potential of aphalt concrete mixture. The tet were applied to urface and bae-binder mixture that included five aggregate combination, aphalt cement from two ource, and three antitripplng agent. The field performance of mixe with the five aggregate combination ranged from good to poor, and the aphalt cement and antitripping agent are repreentative of thoe ued in Alabama. The boil and indirect tenile tet were mot promiing, although neither they nor the tre pedetal tet accurately predicted the expected performance of all mixe. They did, however, produce conitent, although at time apparently incorrect, prediction. There wa alo reaonably good correlation between boil tet and indirect tenile tet value, which improve their credibility a predictor of tripping when applied to pecific mixe. Ue of the tet for general evaluation of material ource i not recommended; they mut be applied to pecific material combination. Variability in aggregate drying, gradation, and aphalt content may be an important factor affecting tripping potential. Additional teting to etablih the influence of thee factor i recommended. The detructive influence of moiture in aphalt concrete ha been extenively invetigated. umerou tet procedure have been developed and are continually evolving to evaluate aphalt concrete mixture and poible remedie that could reduce tripping. Material alone preent thouand of variable that may influence tripping (1). Kennedy et al. (2) in 1983 invetigated the tripping potential of elected material from Texa uing three different tet. Stuart (3) in 1986 invetigated the tripping potential of material elected from everal tate with everal technique. Thee two independent tudie, and many more, have concluded that there 1 no generally applicable way to reliably evaluate the water uceptibility of propoed aggregate-aphalt combination. The quantification of tripping potential during material election and mixture deign ha remained difficult. Conventional pecification for aphalt mixture do not totally evaluate the aphalt-aggregate bond (4). A poible approach that would conider tripping with other mixture requirement could be achieved by following the conventional deign method firt, then evaluating the propoed mixture by conducting moiture uceptibility tet. Becaue of thi problem, thi tudy wa initiated in 1984 to develop or recommend, or both, a tet procedure to ae the tripping potential of Alabama aphalt concrete mixture and to F. Parker, Jr., Highway Reearch Center, Auburn Univerity, Auburn, Ala F. A. Gharaybeh, Mu'tah Univerity, Mu'tah-Karak, Jordan. tudy the effectivene of antitripping additive. The tudy incorporated five aggregate combination (two limetone and three gravel), aphalt cement from two ource, and three antitripping agent repreentative of material ued in Alabama. The tripping potential of mixture deigned with the Marhall method wa evaluated with boil tet, tre pedetal tet, and indirect tenile tet. DEVELOPMET OF TEST PROGRAM The teting program wa initiated by evaluating the boiling and tre pedetal tet on urface coure mixe with the five aggregate combination and aphalt cement from two ource. The reult of thee tet were generally better than expected and howed lack of trong correlation with field performance. Indirect tenile tet were then run on aphalt cement from one ource. Thee tet reult howed imilar correlation with field performance. Further review revealed that coarer and leaner bae-binder mixture may be more vulnerable to tripping than are finer and richer urface mixture. Field experience reinforced thi belief. Core taken from pavement contructed with ome of the aggregate under tudy howed that tripping generally began and wa concentrated in bottom layer of pavement. A ignificant exception to thi ha been tripping in urface mixe that have been overlaid. At thi tage, the deciion wa made to evaluate bae-binder mixture and to eliminate the tre pedetal tet. The remaining tet were performed with all five aggregate combination and aphalt cement from two ource. The effectivene of antitripping agent wa tudied at all tage of the teting program. MATERIALS Propertie of the component material and mixe have been previouly decribed (5) and will only be ummarized here. Aphalt Cement Aphalt cement were obtained from two ource and were labeled ACl and AC2. Both were vicoity grade AC-2 meeting Alabama Highway Department pecification. The manufacturer mix crude from variou ource, but at the time of ampling the majority of the crude oil wa from the Gulf of Mexico.
2 Parker and Gharaybeh combination were elected, after conultation with Alabama Highway Department central laboratory and diviion peronnel, to provide a range of field performance from good to poor. The characterization of an aggregate combination i ubjective and baed on experience of field peronnel with aphalt-aggregate mixe containing the aggregate. The characterization i, therefore, general in nature rather than pecific and relate to the potential for tripping rather than to the performance of a particular mix. A reaonable characterization would be that a mix of "A" material would be le likely to trip than a mix of "B" material. A reult preented later will verify, factor other than aggregate compoition (gradation and aphalt content) influence tet reult. Five typical aggregate combination of from three to five individual aggregate each were elected and arbitrarily labeled A through E. were combined to produce mixe that met either urface or bae-binder coure pecification. Therefore, for each aggregate combination, there will be a urface mix and a bae-binder mix. The gradation and deign aphalt content were thoe obtained by the Marhall mix deign procedure. Combination A Thee are baically limetone mixe that have good reported performance with few ign of pavement ditre attributable to tripping. Mix A contain 85 percent cruhed limetone and 15 percent natural and and ha an aphalt content of 5.5 percent. It ha been ued primarily for houlder paving and leveling. Bae-Binder Mix A contain 1 percent cruhed limetone and ha an aphalt content of 4.25 percent. The limetone i dene (pecific gravity "" 2.8) dolomitic material with an aborption of about 1 percent. Combination B Thee are baically gravel mixe with variable reported performance. Before the ue of antitripping additive, tripping damage wa evere. Antitripping additive have improved performance; however, ome tripping problem are till reported. Both urface and bae-binder mixe contain 1 percent limetone creening and 9 percent iliceou and and gravel. The urface mix ha an aphalt content of 7.5 percent and the bae-binder mix 4.5 percent. The gravel and and are from the ame ource and are decribed a "cherty" material (pecific gravity "" 2.5) with relatively high aborption (3 percent). The urface mix contain cruhed gravel and the bae-binder mix contain uncruhed gravel. Combination C Thee are iliceou gravel mixe with moderate reported performance. Even before the ue of antitripping additive, only minor tripping problem were reported. Both the urface and the bae-binder mixe contain 15 percent fine and and 85 percent coare and and gravel from a primary ource. Aphalt content are 6.25 and 4.55 percent for the urface and baebinder mixe, repectively. The coare and and gravel are predominantly ound quartz and quartzite material (pecific gravity "" 2.6) with relatively low aborption (1 percent). Combination D Thee are iliceou gravel mixe with poor reported tripping performance. The ue of antitripping additive ha improved performance, but gravel from thi region of the tate continue to be regarded a particularly uceptible to water damage. The mixe contain 1 and 15 percent fine and and 9 and 85 percent wahed and and gravel from a primary ource. Aphalt content are 6.25 and 4.9 percent for the urface and baebinder mixe, repectively. The wahed and i primarily ound quartz, but the coarer particle tend to be imilar to the gravel. The gravel i a highly variable cherty material (pecific gravity "" 2.5) including light and porou particle. Aborption i relatively high at about 2.7 percent. Combination E Thee are baically limetone mixe with good reported tripping performance. Both the urface and the bae-binder mixe contain 1 percent natural and and 9 percent cruhed limetone from a primary ource. Aphalt content are 5.5 and 4.15 percent for the urface and bae-binder mixe, repectively. The limetone ha a relatively high calcium carbonate content (approximately 9 percent), a pecific gravity of about 2.6, and aborption of about 1 percent. Antltrlpping Additive Three antitripping additive were ued: hydrated lime and two proprietary chemical agent. The hydrated lime (HL) i high calcium and wa applied at a rate of 1 percent by weight of aggregate. One proprietary liquid agent, labeled BA, i a metalloamine (or polyamine) with a recommended doage rate of.5 percent by weight of aphalt cement. The econd proprietary liquid agent, labeled KB, i an amidoamine with a recommended doage rate of.5 to 1 percent by weight of aphalt cement. TEST PROCEDURES were combined according to the job mix formula, and ieved on eight ieve to produce portion with particle ize ranging from paing 1 1 /2 in. to o. 2. Required aggregate from each portion wa then combined to meet required gradation. After thi tage, ample preparation and teting were dependent on the type of tet. Indirect Tenile Tet Sample were prepared in accordance with ASTM D Mixing and compaction temperature were elected on the bai of aphalt cement vicoity. Compaction level were varied to meet the 6 to 8 percent void requirement. Two teting procedure were ued (Table 1). Boil Tet Sample for boil tet were prepared and teted in accordance with ASTM D 3675 except for the following variation: 19
3 2 TABLE 1 IDIRECT TESILE TEST PROCEDURES Treatment Procedure 1 Procedure 2 Mix aging o aging 15 hr at 14 F Compacted pecimen o curing 24 hr at room curing temperature Initial aturation Freezing o freezing 15 hr at ± 4 F Soaking 24 hr at 14 F 24 hr at 14 F 3 hr at 77 F 3 hr at 77 F Age of pecimen at teting (day) 2 4 Void range Loading trip (width in in.) l/2 lfl Rate of loading (in./min) 2 2 Teting temperature (of) Similar procedure Tunnicliff and Modified Lottman Root (1) (6) 1. Boiling time wa 1 min, 2. Sample were tirred three time during boiling, and 3. Specimen were cooled to room temperature before the water wa drained. Detail of the tet procedure are given elewhere (7). Stre Pedetal Tet The tet procedure i an adaptation of a tet propoed by the Laramie Energy Technology Center (8). The tet wa performed according to procedure recommended by Kennedy et al. (9). DISCUSSIO OF TEST RESULTS Indirect Tenile Tet Reult from indirect tenile tet are ummarized in Table 2 and plotted in Figure 1 and 2. The following can be inferred from thee data: 1. Tet Procedure 2 i more evere than Procedure 1 (except for Combination B). Thi may be the reult of difference in aging of the mixture, curing of the compacted pecimen, and pecimen conditioning. The aging and curing for Procedure 2 may enhance adheion and reult in a higher mechanical trength. The cycle of freezing for Procedure 2 may reult in larger lo of trength than doe only oaking in Procedure 1. In general, the larger trength lo more than compenate for the trength increae due to aging and curing. However, Combination B ha porou cherty gravel of high aborption. The aging and curing may have increaed aphalt aborption and adheion enough to offet the more detrimental effect of freezing. The net reult i that Procedure 2 gave higher trength ratio for thi particular aggregate combination. 2. From Figure 2 it appear that mixture with AC2 are omewhat le uceptible to water damage than are thoe with ACl, although the difference are not large. Standard phyical tet indicate no dramatic difference in aphalt cement propertie, and retained trength difference are thought to be the reult of aphalt-aggregate interaction. ole Reull ACI. TRASPORTATIO RESEARCH RECORD 1171, I.a AGGR EGA TE CO MBIATIO ----r ei SURF.,PROC.I!<J $' & SURF.,PROC.2 c ' )..._ "!" FIGURE l Effect of tet procedure and type of mixture on TSR. A GGREGATE COMBIATIO a:: U) 4 I PROC.I 8. AC2 Q"l" <!' "!" PROC.2 8. ACI PROC.2 8. AC2, 'l tj ff (j FIGURE 2 Effect of tet procedure and ource of aphalt cement on TSR.,.., ff 3. Figure 1 how that bae-binder mixture are more vulnerable to water damage than are urface mixture. Speculation i that the difference in tenile trength ratio (TSR) are due to the coarer gradation and lower aphalt content of the baebinder mixture. Aphalt content of bae-binder mixture i compenated for omewhat by coarer gradation, but generally thee mixture are "leaner" than urface mixture. Gradation will alo affect the nature of the void in a mix. Although void content wa controlled at 6 to 8 percent, coarer gradation will produce fewer but larger void. Thee larger void will permit eaier acce to water and, thu, increae the potential for tripping. Thi phenomenon wa apparent during vacuum aturation. During the trial-and-error attempt to achieve 6 to
4 Parker and Gharaybeh 21 TABLE 2 IDIRECT TESILE TEST RESULTS, O ADDITIVES Procedure 1 a Procedure 2a Combination Aphalt Cement 1 Aphalt Content Initial Void Final Saturation TSR SMR Initial Void Final Saturation TSR SMR A E c B D Aphalt Cement 2 A, E, C, B, D, ote: = bae-binder. aaverage of at leat three pecimen. 8 percent aturation, le intene partial vacuwn and much maller time were required with bae-binder mixture. Table 3 give a ummary of a three-way analyi of variance to determine the overall effect of tet parameter on tenile trength and TSR for different mixture. In thi table, the aggregate combination are grouped into three ubgroup in relation to reported field performance a follow: ontripping mixture: Combination A and E, Stripping mixture: Combination B and D, and Variable mixture: Combination C. Analyi of variance wa conducted on all mixture a well a on tripping and nontripping ubgroup at the 5 percent level of ignificance. Table 3 can be interpreted a follow: 1. mineralogy i the dominant factor affecting tenile trength and TSR. 2. Tet procedure and ource of aphalt cement affect both conditioned and unconditioned trength with a reulting inignificant effect on TSR. 3. There i no relationhip between the combined effect of tet parameter and the individual effect of each parameter. For example, if the ource of aphalt produce a ignificant effect and the type of aggregate alo produce a ignificant effect, the combined effect may or may not be ignificant. The effectivene of antitripping agent wa tudied by uing them to improve mixture that had low TSR. In accordance with thi criterion, antitripping agent were ued in bae-binder mixture for Combination A and B only. Figure 3 how the enitivity of the teted mixture to antitripping agent. It can be een from the figure that the agent increaed TSR value above the 7 to 8 percent range only for Combination B. A poible reaon i that the agent were formulated for iliceou material not limetone. However, an extenuating circumtance i the lower TSR value for Combination A without additive. The percentage increae in TSR are imilar for both combination. FIGURE 3 Effect of additive on TSR for Combination A and B a: en 4 f
5 22 TRASPORTATIO RESEARCH RECORD 1171 TABLE 3 EFFECT OF TEST PARAMETERS (ignificance table) Tet Parameter Tet Type of Source Procedure Type Variable Mixture (A) (T) (M) TSR All ontrip Strip Unconditioned trength All ontrip Strip Conditioned trength All ontrip Strip Aphalt Cement Tet Combination of Tet Parameter orn: S = ignificant at 5 percent level (a. =.5), =not ignificant at 5 percent level (a. =.5), and dahe =not teted. AT AM TM ATM The Duncan multiple range tet, at the 5 percent ignificance level, wa ued to rank the additive according to their improvement of TSR. For Limetone Mix A, all of the additive fell at the ame rank. For Gravel Mix B, at the 5 percent level of ignificance, antitripping agent BA and KB at 1 percent doage were the firt ranked, KB at.5 percent doage wa the econd, and the hydrated lime wa third. Boil Tet Boil tet reult are tabulated in Table 4. Value without antitripping additive are plotted in Figure 4. Comparion of coating retention for ACl and AC2 indicate little difference. Coating retention difference for urface and bae-binder mixture can be noted in Figure 4. Bae-binder Mixture A and B retain much le aphalt after boiling than do urface mixture. The difference are much le pronounced for Combination C, D, and E, which i conitent with indirect tenile tet reult. The effect of additive on coating retention wa alo invetigated for Combination A and B. The data in Table 4 indicate greater improvement in coating retention for liquid agent than for hydrated lime. When lime i ued, a white powdery coating (aumed to be due to unbound lime) often reult. Thi tend to reduce the luter and intenity of the black coating, which in turn reduce perceived coating retention and, therefore, the rating. Thi obervation ugget that the boiling tet may not adequately judge the effectivene of lime a an antitripping agent. Hazlett (6) ha alo uggeted that the boil tet more favorably evaluate liquid antitripping agent. The data in Table 4 alo indicate that the antitripping agent improved coating retention more for Combination B than for Combination A. Thi i conitent with the indirect tenile tet reult. Stre Pedetal Tet A limited tudy wa performed with urface mix aggregate proportion only. Aphalt cement from both ource and three antitripping agent were ued in teting the five aggregate combination. Tet reult are given in Table 5. o ignificant difference between ACl and AC2 could be detected. Lime increaed cycle for cracking above 25 [uggeted limit in Kennedy et al. (9)] for Combination A, B, and C. With the exception of Agent BA at.5 percent doage, liquid antitripping agent did not increae cycle to cracking. Unlike the boil tet, the tre pedetal tet favorably evaluate lime. TABLE 4 BOIL TEST RESULTS WITH AD WlTHOUT ADDITIVES Percentage of Aphalt Coating Retained Aphalt Cement 1 with Antitripping Agent Aphalt Cement 2 with Antitripping Agent Mix Combination Type one HLa BAb KBb KBC one HLa BAb KBb KBC A Bae E 95 9 Bae 9 9 c Bae 8 85 B Bae D Bae 9 95 a 1 perccr>l hydrnted lime (baed on aggregalc weight). bo.5 percenl amitripping agent (baed on apha.il weight). CI percent antitripping agent (baed on aphalt weight).
6 Parker and Gharaybeh 23 AGGREGATE COMBIATIO B/B-AC2 "f 4" B/B-ACI z i==.z w I- w a:: Cl z i== <( u /.._..., 'I" FIGURE 4 Effect of type of mixture and ource of aphalt on coating retention. Comparion of Boil and Indirect Tenile Tet Both the indirect tenile and the boiling tet expre the moiture damage to the mix a a ratio. A correlation of thee reult i hown in Figure 5 in which TSR for Tet Procedure 1 and 2 are conidered eparately. Both leat-quare linear regreion equation fall to the right of the line of equality, indicating that the TSR percentage i greater than the coating retention percentage. The coefficient of determination indicate a much tronger correlation with Procedure 1. The freezing in Procedure 2 may introduce additional variability. The poitive nature of the correlation, combined with the reaonably trong coefficient of determination for Procedure l, indicate that both tet are, at leat in part, meauring imilar phenomena. The tet reult are plotted in Figure 6 and 7 for urface and bae-binder mixture, repectively. If 7 percent TSR and 9 percent coating retention are ued a criteria for eparating tripping and nontripping, Figure 6 indicate that both tet correctly characterize Mixture E a a nontripper and incorrectly characterize Mixture D a a tripper. Moreover, the indirect tenile tet reult indicate that all of the urface mixture are nontripper, and the boiling tet predict only Mixture A and B a tripper z 7 E uolll Line i== z w 6 I- w a:: 5 D Cl 4 I- <( 3 u a 2 a PROC.! 1 "'PROC.2 R'=O. / oproc TSR 1%J FIGURE 5 Relationhip between indirect tenile and boil tet reult. Figure 7 how that, for bae-binder mixture, a trong correlation exit between the boiling and indirect tenile tet. Both tet correctly characterize Mixture E a a nontripper and incorrectly characterize Mixture D a a nontripper. Both tet alo incorrectly characterize Mixture A a a tripper and correctly characterize Mixture B a a tripper. The boiling tet indicate that Mix C i a tripper, and the indirect tenile tet indicate that Mix C i a nontripper. MATERIAL EVALUATIO The five aggregate combination, the aphalt cement from two ource, and the two tenile tet procedure were evaluated uing indirect tenile and boiling tet reult. Table 6 give the ranking of the five aggregate combination baed on tenile trength and tripping reitance a indicated by TSR and coating retention. Each mean value of trength, TSR, and coating retention for a pecific type of mix, ource of aphalt cement, and type of tet procedure wa aigned a number of point from one to five. For example, the lowet mean unconditioned trength value for Combination A through E for each tet procedure wa given one point, the econd lowet wa given two point, and o on until the highet value wa given five point. The number of point for each aggregate combination in each cae wa totaled. The aggregate combination that had the highet total point wa given the highet rank (i.e., one). TABLE 5 RESULTS OF STRESS PEDESTAL TEST O SURFACE MIXTURES Aphalt Cement 1 with Antitripping Agent Combination one HLa BAb KBb KBC A 15 E >25 c 15 B 16 > D >25 a1 percen t hydrated lime (baed on nggregate weight). bo. percent antitripping agent (baed on aphalt weight). CI percent antitripping agent (baed on aphalt weight). 9 Aphalt Cement 2 with Antitripping Agent one HLa BAb KBb KBC 13 >25 >25 11 >25 18 > > >25
7 24 TRASPORTATIO RESEARCH RECORD t I "", /.' )( ; + I 9 ' :.: I I f 1 'Z / u 1 o I o _/_yl I- -1;/ / I r. ' 8 l 7 5 v c 6.2 c 4 / o a; " 6 c "' U) Vi f- on lr ipp nq S rpnl) / "' 3 4 c 3 u ' r / / :io ( // ole 2 Holet.in9,.nd1to!ei l, o Bo1tio9 1 oq<cmool llh I I +Proc. t / 1 rf!pcrtied pl1rformonco XProc. 2 A E c B D "' C i in the middle. Thi i conitent with reported field performance for Mixture B, C, and E but inconitent for A andd. Evaluation of tet procedure and aphalt cement ource wa baed on mean value. Table 7 give mean value for tenile trength, TSR, and coating retention. AC2 conitently produced higher trength, TSR, and coating retention than did ACl. Although the difference are not large, becaue of their conitency it may be inferred that mixe with AC2 would Combination FIGURE 6 Comparion of boil and indirect tenlle tet reult for urface mixture. It can be een from the table that, in term of unconditioned ;trength, Mix E ha the highet rank and Mix D ha the lowet. 6J'ter conditioning, the table indicate that Mix C ha the lighet trength and that Mix A ha the lowet. The data in the table indicate that the indirect tenile and the boiling tet are well correlated in ranking the material in term of tripping reitance a indicated by TSR and coating retention. The ranking indicate that Mixture D and E are more reitant to water damage than are Mixture A and B; Mixture TABLE 6 RAKIG OF AGGREGATE COMBIATIOS Point Baed on Meana Bae-Binder ACl Bae-Binder AC2 ACl Procedure Procedure Procedure Combination Total Rankb Unconditioned A trength B C c C D E Conditioned A trength B c l D E TSR A 3 2.5c B 1 2.5C 2 2.5c c 4.5C D 4.5C C E c 4.5C Coating A 2 I.SC 1.5C 5 4 retention B 1 1.5C 1.5C 4 5 c D 5 4.5C E 4 4.5C apoint = 1 (lowet mean) to 5 (highet mean). brank = 1 hi ghc.t Lotal) to 5 (lowet total). CRqual mean.
8 Parker and Gharaybeh TABLE 7 EVALUATIO OF TEST PROCEDURES AD ASPHALT CEMET FROM TWO SOURCES Mean Mean Mell!J Unconditioned Conditioned Mean Coating Strength Strength TSR Retention (pi) (pi) ACl AC Procedure Procedure have omewhat greater reitance to detrimental effect of moiture. Finally, the data in the table indicate that Tet Procedure 2 produce higher trength but lower TSR than doe Procedure 1. Thi i a expected, becaue aging of the mix and curing of the pecimen increae trength in Procedure 2. However, freezing in Procedure 2 produce larger trength reduction that more than compenate for the larger unconditioned trength. Thi reult in lower TSR for Tet Procedure 2. umerou factor including aggregate compoition, aphalt content, and gradation influence boil and indirect tenile tet reult. Thee, combined with the ubjective nature of the characterization of the tripping propenity of the mixe, reult in the not totally unexpected poor correlation with tet reult. Thi hould not be interpreted a an invalidation of the tet procedure or performance. Rather it indicate that additional refinement of tet procedure and application to pecific mixe will be neceary to improve tet reult-performance correlation. An extenion of thi reearch will provide the data for improving thee correlation. Material and mix ample will be taken during contruction and ubjected to laboratory tet to tudy the effect of incomplete drying and egregation (gradation). Difference between complete laboratory drying and incomplete field drying may be primary contributor to lack of correlation for porou gravel uch a thoe in Combination D. Core will be taken immediately after contruction and periodically thereafter to tudy the effect of compaction (void) and to develop mix-pecific performance data. COCLUSIOS Meaurement of moiture damage i a complex problem that i enitive to dicrepancie between laboratory and field condition. Ideal teting and handling of material, which can be achieved in the laboratory, can hardly be achieved in the field. On the other hand, field environmental condition can only be approximately imulated in the laboratory. Concluion include the following obervation: 1. A pa-fail criterion, according to which all reported moiture-uceptible mixture fail and all reported moiturereitant mixture pa, could not be developed for any of the tet evaluated. 2. The tet correctly categorized Combination B, C, and E a reported by field performance, but they did not correctly characterize Combination A a a nontripper or D a a tripper. Thi weak correlation with field performance, coupled with the trong correlation between tet reult, led to the following concluion: 1. The tet may not be valid indicator of tripping, or the ubjective reported field performance may not be valid for pecific mixe. 2. Variability in gradation, aphalt content, drying, mixing, and compaction may ignificantly affect tripping potential. Standard laboratory tet on ample with carefully controlled gradation and aphalt content, according to mix deign, may not be ufficiently evere. Field ampling and teting hould be conducted to etablih the influence of contruction variability on tripping potential and to etablih correlation between laboratory tet and pecific mix performance. Given the aumption that the tet are valid indicator of tripping, the material teted can be decribed a follow: 1. Limetone Combination A and E have different tripping potential although they poe high tenile trength. Bae-binder mixe with Combination A have much higher tripping potential than do imilar E mixe. 2. Cherty gravel Combination B and D alo have different tripping potential; Mix D ha lower trength but a higher retained ratio than Mix B. 3. Combination C poee moderate tripping potential. 4. Bae-binder mixture are more uceptible to moiture damage than are urface mixture made up of the ame contituent. Thi i attributed to difference in aphalt content (film thickne) and the nature of the void reulting from difference in gradation. 5. AC2 i omewhat more reitant to moiture damage than i ACl. 6. The tet meaure improvement when antitripping agent are added. The tre pedetal tet aee the effect of lime favorably, but the boil tet aee it effect unfavorably. ACKOWLEDGMETS The work reported in thi paper wa ponored by the Alabama Highway Department through the Federal Highway Adminitration, U.S. Department of Tranportation. The author are grateful for the ponorhip, aitance, and cooperation of thee organization. REFERECES 1. D. G. Tunnicliff and R. E. Root. CHRP Report 274: Ue of Antilripping Additive in Aphaltic Concrete Mixture. TRB, ational Reearch Council, Wahington, D.C., T. W. Kennedy, F. L. Robert, and K. W. Lee. Evaluation of Moiture Effect on Aphalt Concrete Mixture. In Tranportation Reearch Record 911, TRB, ational Reearch Council, Wahington, D.C., 1983, pp K. D. Stuart. Evaluation of Procedure Ued lo Predict Moiture Damage in Aphalt MiX1ure. FHWA Report RD-86/91. FHWA, U.S. Department of Tranportation, M. C. Ford, P. G. Manke, and C. E. O'Bannon. Quantitative Evaluation of Stripping by the Reaction Tet. In Tranportation Reearch Record 515, TRB, ational Reearch Council, Wahington, D.C., 1974, pp
9 26 5. F. Parker and F. A. Gharaybeh. Evaluation of Indirect Tenile Tet for Aeing Stripping of Alabama Aphalt Concrete Mixture. In Tranporlation Reearch Record 1115, TRB, ational Reearch Council, Wahington, D.C., 1987, pp D. G. Hazlett. Evaluation of Moiture Suceptibility Tet for Aphaltic Concrete. Report 3-C Material and Tet Diviion, Texa State Department of Highway and Public Tranportation, Autin, T. W. Kennedy, F. L. Robert, and K. W. Lee. Evaluation of Moiture Suceptibility of Aphalt Mixture Uing the Texa Boiling Tet. In Tranporlalion Reearch Record 968, TRB, ational Reearch Council, Wahington, D.C., 1984, pp H. Plancher, G. Miyake, R. L. Venable, and J. C. Peteron. A Simple Laboratory Tet to Indicate the Suceptibility of Aphalt Mixture to Moiture Damage During Repeated Freeze Thaw Cycling. Proc., Canadian Technical Aphalt Aociation, 198. TRASPORTATIO RESEARCH RECORD T. W. Kennedy, F. L. Robert, and W. L. Lee. Evaluation of Moiture Suceptibility of Aphalt Mixture Uing the Texa Freeze Thaw Pedetal Tet. Proc., Aociation of Aphalt Paving Technologit, Vol. 51, The conlenl of thi paper rejlecl lhe view of the author who are reponible for thefacl and the accuracy of the data preented herein. The content do not necearily reflect the official view or policie of the Alabama Highway Deparlment or the Federal Highway Adminitralion. Thi paper doe not contitute a landard, pecification, or regulation. Publicalion of lhi paper ponored by Commillee on Characterilic of Biluminou Malerial.
Reduction of Autogenous Shrinkage of Ultra-High-Strength Concrete Containing Silica Fume-Premix Cement
Reduction of Autogenou Shrinkage of Ultra-High-Strength Concrete Containing Silica Fume-Premix Cement Yuji Mitani, Shinpei Maehori and Makoto Tanimura Reearch & Development Center, Taiheiyo Cement Corporation,
More informationFatigue Crack Repair Using Drilled Holes and Externally Bonded CFRP Strips
Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Reilience and Sutainability Biondini & Frangopol (Ed) 212 Taylor & Franci Group, London, ISBN 978--415-62124-3 Fatigue Crack Repair Uing Drilled Hole and Externally
More informationKeywords: ILSS, Flexural Strength, Hybrid Polymer Composite, Curing, Epoxy Resin 5052, Vacuum Bagging.
American International Journal Reearch in Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematic Available online at http://www.iair.net ISSN (Print): 2328-3491, ISSN (Online): 2328-3580, ISSN (CD-ROM): 2328-3629
More informationCONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION FOR COMPACTING
ONTARIO PROVINCIAL STANDARD SPECIFICATION OPSS.MUNI 501 NOVEMBER 2017 CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION FOR COMPACTING TABLE OF CONTENTS 501.01 SCOPE 501.02 REFERENCES 501.03 DEFINITIONS 501.0 DESIGN AND SUBMISSION
More informationValue intensity of water used for electrical energy generation in the Western U.S.; an application of embedded resource accounting
Value intenity of water ued for electrical energy generation in the Wetern U.S.; an application of embedded reource accounting Elizabeth A. Martin and Benjamin L. Ruddell Abtract Thi tudy evaluate the
More informationAn Experimental Investigation on Mechanical and Durability Properties of High Strength Fiber Reinforced Concrete
International Journal of cientific reearch and management (IJSRM) Volume 3 Iue 12 Page 3791-3797 2015 Webite: www.ijrm.in ISSN (e): 2321-3418 An Experimental Invetigation on Mechanical and Durability Propertie
More informationComputer Analysis of In-plane Behavior of Masonry Walls Strengthened by FRP Strips
, 22-24 October, 2014, San Francico, USA Computer Analyi of In-plane Behavior of Maonry Wall Strengthened by FRP Strip J. Szolomicki Abtract The paper concern the trengthening uing FRP compoite of maonry
More informationRESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE June 1 4, 2016
RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE June 1 4, 2016 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE CAPACITY OF BARRIER DECK ANCHORAGE IN MTQ PL-3 BARRIER REINFORCED WITH HM-GFRP BARS WITH HEADED ENDS Michael Rotami Department of Civil
More informationModeling Suspended Sediments in Dez Basin (Case Study: The Tale Zang Hydrometric Station)
International Reearch Journal of Applied and Baic Science. Vol., 3 (2), 402-407, 2012 Available online at http://www.irjab.com ISSN 2251-838X 2012 Modeling Supended Sediment in Dez Bain (Cae Study: The
More informationEnhanced Biofilter Treatment of Urban Stormwater by Optimizing the Hydraulic Residence Time in the Media
Enhanced Biofilter Treatment of Urban Stormwater by Optimizing the Hydraulic Reidence Time in the Media Redahegn Silehi 1, Robert Pitt 2 and Shirley Clark 3 1 Graduate tudent, Dept. of Civil, Contruction,
More informationCourse Evaluation Validation using Data Envelopment Analysis. Joseph Sarkis Clark University. Inshik Seol Clark University
THE ACCOUNTING EDUCATORS JOURNAL Volume XX 2010 pp. 21-32 Coure Evaluation Validation uing Data Envelopment Analyi Joeph Sarki Clark Univerity Inhik Seol Clark Univerity Abtract In thi paper we detail
More informationINFLUENCE OF MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND VERTICAL PRE-COMPRESSION ON THE SHEAR BEHAVIOUR OF MORTAR JOINTS. Miklós Molnár 1
INFLUENCE OF MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND VERTICAL PRE-COMPRESSION ON THE SHEAR BEHAVIOUR OF MORTAR JOINTS ABSTRACT Mikló Molnár 1 The influence of mortar type on the hear behaviour of bed joint ubjected to
More informationThe Process-Value Model: A Systems View of the IST Value Chain
Aociation for Information Sytem AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) SAIS 2007 Proceeding Southern (SAIS) 3-1-2007 The Proce-Value Model: A Sytem View of the IST Value Chain William L. Lomeron lomeronw@nula.edu
More informationExperimental Investigation of Sediment Trap Efficiency in Reservoirs
ENGINEER - Vol. XLVII, No. 0, pp. [1-8], 014 The Intitution of Engineer, Sri Lanka Experimental Invetigation of Sediment Trap Efficiency in Reervoir N.M.T.K. Revel, L.P.G.R. Ranairi, R.M.C.R.K. Rathnayake
More informationManagement Science Letters
Management Science Letter 2 (202) 247 252 Content lit available at GrowingScience Management Science Letter homepage: www.growingscience.com/ml An empirical tudy to meaure the impact of loan aignment for
More informationCalculation of crack width and crack spacing
Preented at Nordic Mini-eminar: Fibre reinforced concrete, Trondheim, November 5 th 2007. Calculation of crack width and crack pacing Ingemar Löfgren Thoma Concrete Group E-mail: ingemar.lofgren@tcg.nu
More informationThe research of simplified method of calculating wind and rain loads and its validation
The reearch of implified method of calculating wind and rain load and it validation Xing FU 1) and Hong-Nan LI 2) 1), 2) Faculty of Infratructure Engineering, Dalian Univerity of Technology, Dalian 116024,
More informationSEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF COLUMNS BY ADDING NEW CONCRETE. Stephanos E. Dritsos 1
49 SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF COLUMNS BY ADDING NEW CONCRETE Stephano E. Drito 1 ABSTRACT Placing reinforced concrete jacket or layer to trengthen or repair and trengthen concrete column i a normal contruction
More informationJOURNAL OF THE. Agricultural Economics Council. L Northeastern 0,/IA-<- '-'-". ~. ' ) VOLUME Ill, NUMBER 2 OCTOBER 1974 NOV
C i.; ' I FOUNDI.\T!ON OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LIBRARY NOV 6 974 JOURNAL OF THE - L Northeatern Agricultural Economic Council ~ 0,/IA-
More informationThe Use of Swimmer Bars as Shear Reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete Beam
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 6 (1): 87-94, 2013 ISSN: 1941-7020 2014 M. Al-Nara et al., Thi open acce article i ditributed under a Creative Common Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 licene
More informationPRECIPITATION CALIBRATION TESTS August 12, 2009
BISHOP PAIUTE TRIBE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE PRECIPITATION CALIBRATION TESTS Augut 12, 2009 Thi report decribe the reult of everal precipitation calibration tet carried out in July 2009, following
More informationChallenges of Developing ISO Sampling Standards
Challenge of Developing ISO Sampling Standard Ralph Holme CSIRO Mineral Down Under Flaghip Chair ISO/TC 10/SC 1 Sampling Iron Ore Chair ISO/TC 7/SC 4 Sampling Coal and Coke Convenor ISO/TC 183/WG 9 Sampling
More informationModeling Available Soil Moisture Application Note
Modeling Availale Soil Moiture Application Note Gaylon Campell, Ph.D METER Group, Inc. (Formerly Decagon Device, Inc.) Pullman, WA Both the amount and the availaility of water in oil i important to plant
More informationKiln-Dust as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete
Kiln-Dut a Partial Replacem of Cem in Concrete Adakole Edwin Agbo 1+ Calitu Ayegba 2 1.Departm of Building, Federal Univerity of Technology Minna Niger State, Nigeria 2. Departm of Building, Federal Univerity
More informationEvaluating the Influence of Aggregate Size on Permeability of Porous Pavements Using Finite Volume Simulation
Technical Paper ISSN 1996-6814 Int. J. Pavement Re. Technol. 6(5):50-56 Copyright @ Chinee Society of Pavement Engineering Evaluating the Influence of Aggregate Size on Permeability of Porou Pavement Uing
More informationM A S O N R Y. Revised Spring Engineering Notes For Design With Concrete Block Masonry
A S O N R Y Revied Spring 007 Engineering Note For Deign With Concrete Block aonry C H R O N I C L E S To rectify the ituation, the Spring 007 article i being reiued. We apologize for any inconvenience
More informationLand-Surface Models, Page 1
Land-Surface Model Introduction A land-urface model mut be able to accurately depict the interaction of the atmophere with the underlying urface land a well a the interaction of the ub-urface, or ubtrate,
More informationSERBIATRIB th International Conference on Tribology. Kragujevac, Serbia, May 2011
Serbian Tribology Society SERBIATRIB th International Conference on Tribology Kragujevac, Serbia, 3 May 0 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Kragujevac INHOMOGENITIES OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION SERRATIONS
More informationFIRE RESISTANCE RATINGS OF CONCRETE MASONRY ASSEMBLIES. TEK 7-1C Fire Resistance (2009) Related TEK: 2-6, 5-8B, 7-6A
n information erie from the national authority on concrete maonry technology FIRE RESISTNCE RTINGS OF CONCRETE MSONRY SSEMBLIES TEK 7-C Fire Reitance (009) INTRODUCTION Concrete maonry i widely pecifi
More informationFINITE ELEMENT INVESTIGATION ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SHALLOW AND DEEP EXCAVATED TWIN TUNNELS
VOL. 13, NO. 1, JANUARY 18 ISSN 1819-668 6-18 Aian Reearch Publihing Network (ARPN). All right reerved. FINITE ELEMENT INVESTIGATION ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SHALLOW AND DEEP EXCAVATED TWIN TUNNELS Adel
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 8,August ISSN
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Reearch, Volume 5, Iue 8,Augut-2014 310 Seimic Behavior of Concrete Column and Beam Reinforced with Interlocking Spiral Ioanni A. Tego, Theodoro A. Chryanidi,
More informationExergy Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle with Internal Heat Exchanger
International Journal of Material, Mechanic and Manufacturing, Vol. 1, No. 1, February 21 Exergy Analyi of Organic Rankine Cycle with Internal Heat Exchanger Kyoung Hoon Kim, Hyung Jong Ko, and Se Woong
More informationINVESTIGATION OF THERMOSTAT-SET CONTROL AS A NEW DIRECT LOAD CONTROL METHOD
INVESTIGATION OF THERMOSTAT-SET CONTROL AS A NEW DIRECT LOAD CONTROL METHOD Canbolat Uçak canbolat@elk.itu.edu.tr Gökçe Dokuyucu gokce776@uperonline.com Department of Electrical Engineering Electrical
More informationHeterogeneity in Producer s Marketing Strategy
Heterogeneity in Producer Marketing Strategy Tong Zhang Reearch Aitant Department of Agricultural Economic Oklahoma State Univerity 42C Ag Hall Phone no. 405-744-9797 Email: tong.zhang0@oktate.edu Wade
More informationExamining the tradeoff between fixed pay and performance-related pay: A choice experiment approach
Examining the tradeoff between fixed pay and performance-related pay: A choice experiment approach JUNYI SHEN * Reearch Intitute for Economic and Buine Adminitration, Kobe Univerity KAZUHITO OGAWA Faculty
More informationAn analytical model of linear density foam protected structure under blast loading
721543PRS0010.1177/2041419617721543International Journal of Protective StructureXia et al. reearch-article2017 Article An analytical model of linear denity foam protected tructure under blat loading International
More informationProject Summary. Multiple Water Reuse in Poultry Processing: Case Study in Egypt
United tate Indutrial Environmental Reearch Environmental Protection Laboratory Agency Cincinnati OH 45268 Reearch and Development EPA-600/2-83-005 Apr. 1983 Project ummary Multiple Water Reue in Poultry
More informationModeling Liquid Phase Sintering of Hard metal powder compacts
ing Liquid Phae Sintering of Hard metal powder compact Shama Shamaundar *, Maheha Siddegowda*, Pavanachand Chigurupati**, Rengarajan Raghavan***, Rameh Rao. S. *** * ProSIM AFTC # 326, 8th Main, III Stage,
More informationEXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDIES OF STRENGTHENING USING DRILLED-IN BONDED SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
Accepté pour publication dan: STRUCTURAL FAULTS & REPAIR-014, 15th International Conference, 9th 10th July 014, Edinburgh, Scotland, ISBN No: 0-947664-75-X. Paper number: 1145 EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL
More informationDeflection of reinforced concrete beams simultaneously subjected to sustained load and reinforcement corrosion
Deflection of reinforced concrete beam imultaneouly ubjected to utained load and reinforcement corroion Davor Grandić 1 ; Dubravka Bjegović 2 ; Ivana Štimac Grandić 3 Summary The bearing capacity and erviceability
More informationChao Si, 1,2 Xiao-Dong Wang, 1,2 Wei-Mon Yan, 3 and Tian-Hu Wang Introduction
Journal of Chemitry Volume 215, Article ID 876821, 17 page http://dx.doi.org/1155/215/876821 Review Article A Comprehenive Review on Meaurement and Correlation Development of Capillary Preure for Two-Phae
More informationEffectiveness and Exergy Destruction Analysis of Evaporator in Organic Rankine Cycle
Effectivene and Exergy Detruction Analyi of Evaporator in Organic Rankine Cycle Kyoung Hoon Kim, and Chul Ho Han Abtract---Thi paper carrie out a performance analyi baed on the firt and econd law of thermodynamic
More informationGMACE Pilot #4: Adjusting the National Reliability Input Data
INTERBULL BULLETIN NO. 48. Berlin, Germany, May 20 21, 2014 GMACE Pilot #4: Adjuting the National Reliability Input Data P. G. Sullivan 1 and J. H. Jakoben 2 1 Canadian Dairy Network, Guelph, ON, Canada
More informationLogistics Service Level Improvement Research and Demonstration Based on Queuing Theory
Management cience and Engineering Vol. 5, No. 3,, pp. -54 DOI:.36/j.me.335X53.z44 IN 3-34[Print] IN 3-35X[Online] www.ccanada.net www.ccanada.org Logitic ervice Level Improvement Reearch and Demontration
More informationTransportation of Hazardous Wastes in Arizona: Development of a Data Base Management System for Basic Analysis
Tranportation Reearch Record Tranportation of Hazardou Wate in Arizona: Development of a Data Bae Management Sytem for Baic Analyi A. ESSAM RADWAN, K. DAVD PJAWKA, ANDY SOESLO, and FURE-YOW SHEH ABSTRACT
More informationStudy of Enhanced Bioremediation in Treatment of Gas Condensates Contaminated Soil
Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol. 9, No. 4 (Autumn), 2012, IAChE Study of Enhanced Bioremediation in Treatment of Ga Condenate Contaminated Soil J. Shayegan, A. Babaee School of Chemical and
More informationSEIMIC RETROFIT PROGRAM FOR TAIWAN SCHOOL BUILDINGS AFTER 1999 CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE
October 1-17, 008, Beijing, China SEIMIC RETROFIT PROGRAM FOR TAIWAN SCHOOL BUILDINGS AFTER 1999 CHI-CHI EARTHQUAKE Keh-Chyuan Tai 1 and Shyh-Jiann Hwang 1 Profeor, Dept. of vil ENG, National Taiwan Univerity,
More informationModal Response of Hydraulic Turbine Runners
1 (9) Modal Repone o Hydraulic Turbine Runner Q.W. LIANG Center o Indutrial Diagnotic and Fluid Dynamic (CDIF), Technical Univerity o Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain, quanwei@m.upc.edu C. G. RODRIGUEZ Center
More informationSelected Properties of Wool Treated by Low-Temperature Plasma
Dorota Biniaś, Andrzej Włochowicz, Włodzimierz Biniaś Univerity of Bielko-Biała Faculty of Textile Engineering and Environmental Protection Intitute of Textile Engineering and Polymer Material ul. Willowa
More informationDynamic compressive and splitting tensile tests on mortar using split Hopkinson pressure bar technique
730 Dynamic compreive and plitting tenile tet on mortar uing plit Hopkinon preure bar technique Abtract Dynamic compreive and tenile propertie of mortar under impact loading were invetigated experimentally
More informationBASICS OF SOIL MECHANICS
BASICS OF SOIL MECHANICS Lecture Outline Topic for dicuion 1. Origin of Soil 2. Three Phae Diagram 3. Important Term 4. Phae Relationhip 5. Atterberg limit Origin of Soil Soil are formed by eathering of
More informationInternational Journal of Mathematical Archive-8(6), 2017, Available online through ISSN
International Journal of Mathematical Archive-8(6), 27, 33-38 Available online through www.ijma.info ISSN 2229 546 BAYESIAN SPECIAL TYPE DOUBLE SAMPLING PLAN WITH BETA PRIOR DISTRIBTUTION Dr. S. JEYABHARATHI*
More informationAggregate Supply. MPL i = Y i / L i
Aggregate Supply The upply of output depend on the behavior of producer. roducer' chooe the quantity of input to employ. Thee input produce output and we aume that producer chooe their input to maximize
More informationHOW A REDUCTION OF STANDARD WORKING HOURS AFFECTS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS. Summary
De Economit (2010) 158:193 207 The Author() 2010 DOI 10.1007/10645-010-9142-5 Thi article i publihed with open acce at Springerlink.com DE ECONOMIST 158, NO. 2, 2010 HOW A REDUCTION OF STANDARD WORKING
More informationenvironment of the Poyang Lake of the department of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang330031, China
doi:10.21311/002.31.10.20 Cot - Benefit Analyi of Green Building Baed on Input - Output Theory Liu Wei 1, 2, 3, Wu zhijiang 1 1 Eat China Jiaotong Univerity, Nanchang330013, China 2 The School of economic
More informationConstitutive Model Research on Pure Aluminum Considering Dynamic Recovery and Recrystallization
3rd International Conference on Mechatronic and Information Technology (ICMIT 06) Contitutive Model Reearch on Pure Aluminum Conidering Dynamic Recovery and Recrytallization Tingting Zhou, a,yang Yang,b
More informationA Morphing Extrusion Die for Manufacturing of Thermoplastic Hoses THESIS
A Morphing Extruion Die for Manufacturing of Thermoplatic Hoe THESIS Preented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Mater of Science in the raduate School of The Ohio State Univerity
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF ALUMINIUM BLANK SAND CASTING PROCESS BY USING TAGUCHI S ROBUST DESIGN METHOD
International Journal for Quality reearch UDK 669.76 Original Scientific Paper (.0) OPTIMIZATION OF ALUMINIUM BLANK SAND CASTING PROCESS BY USING TAGUCHI S ROBUST DESIGN METHOD Mekonnen Liben Nekere )
More informationPunching Shear Capacity Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Slab-column Connections Huiyong Guo 1, 2, a * 1, 2,b. , Jinjun Cheng
5t International Conerence on Advanced Engineering Material and Tecnology (AEMT 15) Puncing Sear Capacity Analyi o Reinorced Concrete Slab-column Connection Huiyong Guo 1,, a * 1,,b, Jinjun Ceng 1 Scool
More information3.4 BUTT FUSION WELDING
3.4 BUTT FUSION 3.4.1 INTRODUCTION The butt welding proce conit of the joining of two component (pipe and/or fitting) of equal diameter and thickne in which the urface to be welded are heated until melting
More informationA Method to Risk Analysis in Requirement Engineering Using Tropos Goal Model with Optimized Candidate Solutions K.Venkatesh Sharma 1, Dr P.V.
www.ijcsi.org 250 A Method to Rik Analyi in Requirement Engineering Uing Tropo Goal Model with Optimized Candidate Solution K.Venkateh Sharma 1, Dr P.V.Kumar 2 1 Reearch Scholar in JNTUK Kakinada, Andhra
More informationBachelor End Project: Characterization of the constitutive behavior of polymer foams
Bachelor End Project: Characterization of the contitutive behavior of polymer foam R. van Eijden MT 05.27 Coach: Dr. ir. J.A.W. van Dommelen Eindhoven, April 21t 2005 Content Content Abtract Lit of ymbol
More informationJJEES Jordan Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences
JJEES Jordan Journal of Earth and Environmental Science Volume 1, Number 1, Mar. 2008 ISSN 1995-6681 Page 33-44 Developing Reference Crop Evapotranpiration Time Serie Simulation Model Uing Cla a Pan: A
More informationREPUBLIC OF HUNGARY National ILO Council Ministry of Employment and Labour REPORT
Appl. 22. 98 REPUBLIC OF HUNGARY National ILO Council Minitry of Employment and Labour REPORT for the period 1 June 2001 to 10 May 2003 prepared by the Government of the Republic of Hungary in accordance
More informationResearch Article Mathematical Model of Hybrid Precast Gravity Frames for Smart Construction and Engineering
Mathematical Problem in Engineering, Article ID 916951, 14 page http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/916951 Reearch Article Mathematical Model of Hybrid Precat Gravity Frame for Smart Contruction and Engineering
More informationKNOWLEDGE MAPPING IN THAI WEAVING INDUSTRY
KNOWLEDGE MAPPING IN THAI WEAVING INDUSTRY Anyanitha Ditanont College of Innovation, Thammaat Univerity, Thailand anyanitha@yahoo.com Abtract: Knowledge i a valuable aet to any organiation epecially, the
More informationEnabling Collaborative Data Sharing in Google+
Enabling Collaborative Data Sharing in Google+ Hongxin Hu Delaware State Univerity, Dover, Delaware, 19901 hxhu@au.edu Gail-Joon Ahn and Jan Jorgenen Arizona State Univerity, Tempe, Arizona, 85287 {gahn,jan.jorgenen}@au.edu
More information4 Farmer Perceptions of the Biophysical
4 Farmer Perception of the Biophyical Contraint to Rice Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, and Potential Impact of Reearch Aliou Diagne,* Didier Y. Alia, Eyram Amovin-Aagba, Marco C.S. Woperei, Kazuki Saito
More informationThermoplastic Striping Compounds
49 Thermoplatic Striping Compound C. J. KEE, Reearch Aitant, and FRED J. BENSON, Reearch Engineer, Texa Engineering Experiment Station SYNOPSIS IN 1949, the Texa Engineerlog Experiment Station inaugurated
More informationA model for grain growth based on the novel description of dendrite shape
ARCHIVES of FOUNDRY ENGINEERING Publihed quarterly a the organ of the Foundry Commiion of the Polih Academy of Science ISSN (1897-3310) Volume 7 Iue 4/2007 183 188 36/4 A model for grain growth baed on
More information6/6/2012. HR Training and Development. Content. Training: concept. Training: concept. Training: concept. Training and Development: Concept
HR Training and Development UNIT 5 Content Concept and need of HR training and development Training need aement HR training: objective and method (on-the-job and off-the-job). Evaluation of training program
More informationSignificant Changes in the 2005 ACI Code Including Changes Affecting Precast/Prestressed Concrete Part 1
Significant Change in the 2005 ACI Code Including Change Affecting Precat/Pretreed Concrete Part 1 S. K. Ghoh, Ph.D., FPCI Preident S. K. Ghoh Aociate, Inc. Palatine, Illinoi Significant change made ince
More informationResearch Article Azocasein Substrate for Determination of Proteolytic Activity: Reexamining a Traditional Method Using Bromelain Samples
Hindawi Publihing Corporation BioMed Reearch International Volume 2016, Article ID 8409183, 6 page http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8409183 Reearch Article Azocaein Subtrate for Determination of Proteolytic
More informationStudies concerning the genetic analysis of grain number/spike in winter wheat
Volume 15(2), 203-206, 2011 JOURNAL of Horticulture, Foretry and Biotechnology Studie concerning the genetic analyi of grain number/pike in winter wheat Ciulca S. 1 *, Madoa E. 1, Ciulca Adriana 1, Velicevici
More informationMathematical Modeling of Bioremediation of Soil Contaminated With Spent Motor Oil
Journal of Emerging Trend in Engineering and Applied Science (JETEAS) 3 (4): 654-659 Scholarlink Reearch Intitute Journal, 1 (ISSN: 141-716) jetea.cholarlinkreearch.org Journal of Emerging Trend in Engineering
More informationEvaluation of New Generation of Antistripping Additives
26 TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 1342 Evaluation of New Generation of Antistripping Additives KIMO PICKERING, PETER E. SEBAALY, MARY STROUP-GARDINER, AND JoN A. EPPS A laboratory evaluation of antistripping
More informationAntonio Di Paolo Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona & IEB
SCHOOL COMPOSITION EFFECTS IN SPAIN Antonio Di Paolo Univeritat Autònoma de Barcelona & IEB Abtract: Drawing on the PISA 2006 data et, thi tudy examine the impact of chool ocio-economic compoition on the
More informationAddress for Correspondence
Reearch Paper ENERGY CONSERVATION IN MUD HOUSE AS COMPARED TO BRICK WALL BUILDING IN INDIA Subhah Mihra 1, Dr. J A Umani 2 Addre for Correpondence 1 Ph.d Scholar, 2 Profeor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
More informationStudy on Rice Husk Ash as a Partial Replacement of PPC Cement (Fly Ash based) in Concrete
IJSRD - ternational Journal for Scientific Reearch & Development Vol. 2, Iue 6, 214 ISSN (online: 2321-613 Study on Rice Huk Ah a a Partial of PPC C (Fly Ah baed in Concrete Himanhu Jain 1 Sanjay Sarawat
More informationSoftware Reverse Engineering Tool for Object Oriented Programming
Software Revere Engineering Tool for Object Oriented Programming D.M.Thakore Department of Computer Engineering Bharati vidyapeeth Deemed Univerity College of Engineering, Pune-43, Maharahtra, India S.J.Sarde
More informationResearch Article. Hydration process study on the alkali-activated slag cementing materials
Available online wwwjocprcom Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Reearch,, ():88 Reearch Article ISSN : 975738 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Hydration proce tudy on the alkaliactivated lag cementing material
More informationEquilibrium Sediment Transport and Evolution Trend Simulation of the Lower Yellow River
Senor & Tranducer, Vol. 21, Special Iue, May 213, pp. 135-141 Senor & Tranducer 213 by IFSA http://www.enorportal.com Equilibrium Sediment Tranport and Evolution Trend Simulation of the Lower Yellow River
More informationWorking Party on Agricultural Policies and Markets
Unclaified AGR/CA/APM(2001)24/FINAL AGR/CA/APM(2001)24/FINAL Unclaified Organiation de Coopération et de Développement Economique Organiation for Economic Co-operation and Development 22-Jul-2002 Englih
More informationIndicative simplified baseline and monitoring methodologies for selected small-scale CDM project activity categories
III.AU./Verion 01 TYPE III - OTHER PROJECT ACTIVITIES Project participant hall apply the general guideline to SSC CDM methodologie, information on additionality (attachment A to Appendix B) and general
More informationMECHANICAL AND FAILURE PROPERTIES OF RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM UNDER TENSION MUHAMMAD RIDHA
MECHANICAL AND FAILURE PROPERTIES OF RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM UNDER TENSION MUHAMMAD RIDHA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 007 MECHANICAL AND FAILURE PROPERTIES OF RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM UNDER TENSION
More informationAccommodating Transit in TRANSYT
68 TRANSPORTATON RESEARCH RECORD 1181 Accommodating Tranit in TRANSYT SAM YAGAR Although the TRANSYT traffic model imulate tranit vehicle in mixed traffic operation, it doe not adequately conider the effect
More informationNumerical simulation of the seismic behavior of steel storage pallet racking systems
1 Numerical imulation of the eimic behavior of teel torage pallet racking ytem Gonçalo E. Novai Ribeiro Coutinho a a Intituto Superior Técnico, Liboa, Portugal 1. Introduction 1.1. Overview Depite their
More informationBELIEF PROPAGATION REVEALS ALLOSTERIC MECHANISMS IN PROTEINS
BELIEF PROPAGATION REVEALS ALLOSTERIC MECHANISMS IN PROTEINS Hetunandan Kamietty Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon Univerity, Pittburgh, PA 15213, USA Email: hetu@c.cmu.edu Arvind Ramanathan
More informationGeotechnical Investigation of Collapsed Margalla Tower due to October 2005 Muzzafarabad Earthquake
Geotechnical Invetigation of Collaped Margalla Tower due to October 2005 Muzzafarabad Earthquake Shama Shoukat Ali 1 Dr. K Mahmood 2 Dr. Ahraf Tanoli 3 Dr. Muhammad Atiq Tariq 4 1 Department of Civil Engineering,
More informationModeling and Simulation of A Laser Deposition Process
Modeling and Simulation of A Laer Depoition Proce rank Liou*, Zhiqiang an*, Heng Pan*, Kevin Slattery**, Mary Kinella+, Joeph Newkirk*, and Hin-Nan Chou** *Univerity of Miouri Rolla, Rolla, MO, 65409 **
More informationOn the evolution and modelling of lattice strains during the cyclic loading of TWIP steel
Univerity of Wollongong Reearch Online Faculty of Engineering and Information Science - Paper: Part A Faculty of Engineering and Information Science 213 On the evolution and modelling of lattice train
More informationBig Data computation for workshop-based planning support
Big Data computation for worhop-baed planning upport Jianguang Tu International School of Software Wuhan Univerity Wuhan, P.R.China Tujg1973@gmail.com Jianquan Cheng * School of Science and the Environment
More informationAbstract. 1 Introduction
Automatic conflict detection and reolution in metrorail ytem: evaluation approach for MARCO EU project G.F. D'Addio, M. Mazzucchelli, S. Savio Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Univerita di Genova,
More informationKeränen, Jukka; Airo, Erkko; Olkinuora, Pekka; Hongisto, Valtteri Validity of ray-tracing method for the application of noise control in workplaces
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Thi i an electronic reprint of the original article. Thi reprint may differ from the original in pagination and typographic detail. Author(): Title: Keränen, Jukka; Airo,
More informationA Study on Flood Hazard Mitigation of Guwahati City
A Study on Flood Hazard Mitigation of Guwahati City 1 2 3 P. J. Barman, B. Sarma and A. K. Sarma 1 & 3 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Environment, Indian Intitute of Technology Guwahati,
More informationCompensation for Earnings Risk under Worker Heterogeneity
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 2074 Compenation for Earning Rik under Worker Heterogeneity Peter Berkhout Joop Hartog Dinand Webbink April 2006 Forchungintitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Intitute for the
More informationStudy on Mechanical Behavior of Thin-walled Member during Precision Straightening Process
2014 by IFSA Publihing, S. L. http://www.enorportal.com Study on Mechanical Behavior of Thin-walled Member during Preciion Straightening Proce Ben Guan, Yong Zang, Diping Wu, Qin Qin School of Mechanical
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Energy Procedia 48 (2014 )
Available online at www.ciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 48 (2014 ) 806 812 SHC 2013, International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Building and Indutry September 23-25, 2013,
More informationCerámica y Vidrio A R T I C U L O
B O L E T I N D E L A S O C I E D A D E S P A Ñ O L A D E Cerámica y Vidrio A R T I C U L O A view on organic binder effect on technical propertie of ceramic Rachig ring Y. BEYGI KHOSROWSHAHI, A. SALEM
More informationLevel control of small intake reservoir in hydraulic system with long and complex penstock - Implemented level control at Toro 3 HPP
September 013 Page 1 Level control of mall intake reervoir in hydraulic ytem with long and complex pentock - Implemented level control at Toro 3 PP Damir Dolenc, Mitja Klopčar, Jernej Mazij Litotroj Power,
More information