PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING REPORT

Transcription

1 City of Crescent City Water Improvement Project PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING REPORT Prepared by: Project #: CRES July 8, 2017

2 Table of Contents 1 Introduction Background Project Planning Area Location Water Systems to be Served Environmental Resources Present Population Trends Equivalent Dwelling Units Community Engagement Existing Facilities Location Map History Condition of Existing Facilities Storage Reservoirs Washington and Amador Tanks Transmission Distribution System Financial Status of Existing Facilities Water/Energy/Waste Audits Need for Project Health, Sanitation, and Security Storage Transmission Distribution / Meters Aging Infrastructure Reasonable Growth Alternatives Considered Crescent City Water Improvement Project i Preliminary Engineering Report

3 5.1 Description Storage Transmission Water Meters Alternatives Summary Technical Feasibility Evaluation of Alternatives Permits and Agreements Groundwater Supply Surface Water Supply Compliance Issues / Design Criteria Map Environmental Impacts Land Requirements Potential Construction Problems Sustainability Considerations Water Efficiency / Energy Efficiency / Other Alternative Cost Estimates Construction Costs Non-Construction Costs Annual Operating and Maintenance (O&M) Other Alternative Discussions Selection of an Alternative Project Cost Evaluation of Alternatives Project Costs Non-Monetary Factors Analysis Proposed Project (Recommended Alternative) Description Project Schedule Permit Requirements Sustainability Considerations: Water and Energy Efficiency Crescent City Water Improvement Project ii Preliminary Engineering Report

4 7.5 Total Project Cost Estimate (Engineer s Opinion of Probable Cost) Debt Payment Annual Operations and Maintenance Budget Income Annual Water System Income and Expenses Debt Repayments Reserves Conclusions and Recommendations List of Tables: Table 1 Equivalent Dwelling Unit Calculation Table 2 Historical Summary Table 3 Meter Services in Crescent City Table Water Rate Structure and User Categories Table 5 Washington Reservoir Observations and Potential Upgrades Table 6 Amador Reservoir Observations and Potential Upgrades Table 7 Summary of Alternatives Table 8 Summary of Anticipated Permits and Agreements for each Alternative Table 9 Summary of Construction Costs Alternatives Table 10 Summary of Non-Construction Costs Alternatives Table 11 Summary of Total Project Costs - Alternatives Table 12 Advantages and Disadvantages of Alternatives for KVM for each route Table 13 Advantages and Disadvantages of alternatives for HSM on each route. Table 14 Advantages and Disadvantages of Alternatives for Digital Meter Reading Table 15 Washington Reservoir Recommended Project Table 16 Amador Reservoir Recommended Project Table 17 Transmission and Meters Recommended Project Table 18 Projected Milestones Table 19 Total Project Cost Estimate Table 20 Potential Debt Payments Table 21 Likely Annual Operations Cost Changes for AMI Table 22 Financial Summary Table 23 Short-Lived Asset Reserve Exhibits: Exhibit 1 Service Area Maps Exhibit 2 Proposed Water Main Alignments Exhibit 3 Proposed Meter Box Design Crescent City Water Improvement Project iii Preliminary Engineering Report

5 Exhibit 4 Meter AMI Reading Propagation Studies Exhibit 5 USA North Design Inquiry Results Exhibit 6 Recommended Alignments Appendices: Appendix A Pittsburgh Tank Survey Reports Appendix B CSI Tank Survey Reports Appendix C VE Solutions, Inc. Review Letter Appendix D Surveyor Proposed Alignment Appendix E Meter Cost Estimates Appendix F Biological and Cultural Resources Initial Study Appendix G Cost Opinions Crescent City Water Improvement Project iv Preliminary Engineering Report

6 1 Introduction 1.1 Background The City of Crescent City owns and operates its drinking water system, including supply sources, treatment, transmission pipelines, storage tanks, distribution pipelines and service connections. The water system needs improvements for which the City of Crescent City is applying to USDA for funding. The City s official population in the 2010 census was 7,643. There are approximately 4,624 total connections (meters) as of July 2016, with approximately 4,238 of those being active water accounts. Three sources were used and referred to in the preparation of this Preliminary Engineering Report (PER): The City recently completed and adopted the 2015 Urban Water Management Plan for Crescent City, California dated May 26, 2016 (UWMP). A Pre-application for Federal Assistance through USDA Rural Development was prepared last year entitled, Water System Improvement Project 2015 (Pre-App 2015) which contained pertinent information. Water Rate Study, Willdan Financial Services, September 16, 2013 (WRS). This Preliminary Engineering Report will not address all the components of the City s water system. Crescent City has an adequate water supply with sufficient permit limits. There are no future plans for projects to increase the water supply available (UWMP). The purpose of this PER is to evaluate and summarize existing conditions and make improvement recommendations of certain specific features of the City s water system, namely: Washington and Amador Water Storage Tanks Kings Valley Transmission Main Blackwell Lane Transmission Main Interconnection Sutter Coast Hospital Secondary Main Meter Replacement and Telemetry The upgrades proposed in this PER are not a result of any existing or planned growth in the City s service area. Due to the age of these components and critical need for capital infrastructure projects, the City has engaged the United Stated Department of Crescent City Water Improvement Project 1 Preliminary Engineering Report

7 Agriculture Rural Utility Service (USDA) for funding these multiple projects that would provide for a more reliable, secure, and efficient service operation to the existing users. 2 Project Planning Area The project planning area is identical to the City s current water service areas. No expansion of service or change in boundaries is contemplated as part of this project. 2.1 Location The City of Crescent City is located on Highway 101 on the Northern California coast about 20 miles south of the Oregon border in Del Norte County. The proposed water system improvements are located in and around the City. Improvements will be along Kings Valley Road and Blackwell Lane and at the Washington and Amador Tank sites. The City limits, water service areas, and water system map are included in Exhibit Water Systems to be Served There are five water systems that will be served by this project. The City of Crescent City is the water supply purveyor for all and is also the funding applicant for this upgrade project. In addition to the City of Crescent City, areas outside the official City limits that are served include: Pelican Bay State Prison Meadow Brook District Church Tree District Bertsch Ocean View District 2.3 Environmental Resources Present Crescent City is the county seat and the only incorporated city in Del Norte County, California and is the location of the Redwood National Park headquarters. The City is in a seismically active area and over the past few decades has been affected by tsunamis. The City has a total area of square miles, of which square miles (81.3%) is land and square miles (18.7%) is water. Fishing and crabbing, tourism, and timber are the major sources of income in the City, as well as the County of Del Norte. Crescent City has an oceanic climate, with characteristics of a coolsummer Mediterranean climate. It is one of the wettest places in California: the annual rainfall is 67-inches. Crescent City Water Improvement Project 2 Preliminary Engineering Report

8 All potential project sites are located on previously disturbed and developed lands. 2.4 Population Trends Based on the GIS analysis of 2000 US Census Bureau data at the block level, the population of the Crescent City water service area was 16,968, including the Pelican Bay State Prison population. Based on the GIS analysis of 2010 US Census data at the block level, the population of the Crescent City water service area was 17,840 including the Pelican Bay State Prison population. Projections of populations from are based on California Department of Finance (CS DOF) projected population growth for the planning period ( ) as indicated below: , 0.4% per year , 0.4% per year , 0.3% per year , 0.1% per year (UWMP). 2.5 Equivalent Dwelling Units USDA uses the Equivalent Dwelling Unit (EDU) to determine income for each system and as a way of comparing different systems on similar criteria. In order to calculate the EDU s in the Crescent City system, the 2015 UWMP data was used because it has the user type breakdown. Table 1 below demonstrates that the City is calculated to have 8,494 EDUs. Table 1. Equivalent Dwelling Unit Calculation User Type Average Monthly Flow (gallons) Total Number of Users (connections) (b) Total Monthly Flow (gallons) (b) / (a) Number of EDUs Single Family Residential and 5,396 (a) 3,614 19,501,144 3,614 Mobile Homes Multi-family 76, ,416,661 1,004 Commercial 19, ,166,740 1,699 Industrial 13, , Institutional / Governmental 1 11,666, ,666,667 2,162 TOTAL EDUs: 8,494 Type, Number of Users, and Annual Water Usage from 2015 UWMP Section 3.1 and Table 4-1 Million Gallons per Year (MGY) 1 Pelican Bay State Prison Crescent City Water Improvement Project 3 Preliminary Engineering Report

9 2.6 Community Engagement Public participation in the PER is not required. However, in the future, if a construction loan is required to make the improvements and user rates are increased, a public hearing will need to be completed per the requirements of Proposition 218. A public hearing may also be required to solicit public comments after the City, as the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Lead Agency, makes a determination regarding CEQA. 3 Existing Facilities 3.1 Location Map The City provides water to residences both inside and outside City limits. Exhibit 1 shows the location of the existing facilities and the boundary of the water service area. The City supplies water to the State Prison and three water districts; as well as customers in the urban service area and within the City s jurisdictional area. 3.2 History The City has constructed and maintained the water system in a manner typical to most municipal systems. The most recent significant project in the late 1990 s included the construction of over 7 miles of 24-inch water transmission main from the Elevated Tank along Lake Earl Drive to the City s distribution system and storage reservoirs. Table 2 below summarizes the age and major improvement history of the system components addressed in this PER. Crescent City Water Improvement Project 4 Preliminary Engineering Report

10 Table 2. Historical Summary System Project Name Component Storage Storage Pipeline Pipeline Meter / Telemetry Washington Reservoir (4.0 MG) Amador Reservoir (1.5 MG) Kings Valley Transmission Main Blackwell Lane and Hospital Secondary Main Interconnect Year Constructed 2001 None 1982 None 1958 Proposed new project Meters /- Description of Renovation The original 14-inch pipe is 60 years old and is lesser-quality material than today s material. Rather than renovating the old pipe, new pipe has been installed paralleling the original pipe. A gap exists between the new, paralleled pipes that needs to be filled. These pipes do not exist now. The average age of the meters are over 40 years old. Multiple repairs and some replacements have occurred. No complete replacement and revamping of the meter system has taken place. There is no existing meter telemetry system. 3.3 Condition of Existing Facilities Most components of the City water system are in relatively good condition. The purpose of this project is to address poor and unreliable water system components in the following specific portions of the system: Water Storage Reservoirs Transmission Pipelines Meters and Telemetry Systems Storage Reservoirs Washington and Amador Tanks The City has been increasingly concerned about the existing condition of two storage reservoirs that serve their community, namely the Washington Reservoir and Amador Reservoir. Both tanks exist in a corrosive salt-water ocean Crescent City Water Improvement Project 5 Preliminary Engineering Report

11 environment. There have been two independent evaluations on each reservoir: 1) in April 2013 by Pittsburg Tank & Tower Maintenance Co., Inc. (Pittsburg); and 2) in August 2016 by CSI Services, Inc. (CSI). Each company provided detailed evaluation reports with pictures and recommendations which are found in Appendix A and B respectively. VE Solutions, Inc. was retained to provide a review of the reports and provide independent structural recommendations (VE Solutions did not make a site visit). VE s review letter is found in Appendix C. Pertinent OSHA, American Water Works Association (AWWA), and other sources were referenced as applicable in the reports. Both evaluations concur that both tanks need rehabilitation and repairs. The inspections revealed the need for multiple safety upgrades. Current conditions, deficiencies, and recommendations for each tank by each company are summarized in following sections of this report Washington Reservoir The Washington Reservoir is a welded steel, above ground tank built in The tank is approximately 132-feet in diameter by approximately 40-feet in height, providing a nominal capacity of 4 million gallons. A report with conditions, deficiencies and recommendations from Pittsburgh is included in Appendix A and a similar report from CSI is included in Appendix B Amador Reservoir The Amador Reservoir is a welded steel water storage tank built in The tank is approximately 80-feet in diameter by approximately 40-feet in height, providing a nominal capacity of 1.5 million gallons. A report with conditions, deficiencies and recommendations from Pittsburgh is included in Appendix A and a similar report from CSI is included in Appendix B Transmission The existing transmission main pipelines operated by the City are fully functional and at various stages in design life. However, it has been identified that three areas exist, namely the Kings Valley Road, Blackwell Lane, and the Sutter Coast Hospital area, as labeled in this report, which exemplify key vulnerabilities such as security, lack of redundancy, and questionable reliability of water service, especially in a seismic event. Improvements are important to give the City the redundancy and operational flexibility to protect the residents from a catastrophic failure. Crescent City Water Improvement Project 6 Preliminary Engineering Report

12 Kings Valley Transmission Main (KVM). The original 14-inch cast iron transmission main was constructed in 1958 and is currently one of the City s most significant vulnerabilities. The pipe runs from the Smith River water source to the Elevated Tank, then reduces to a 12- and 10-inch pipe as the transmission main approaches and enters the City. From two past projects instigated by the State Prison and the City, the original 14-inch cast iron main has since been paralleled by an 18-inch and a 24-inch pipe respectively for purposes of increasing security and redundancy. However, there exists a gap of approximately 7,600-feet that does not have a parallel redundant pipe. Refer to Exhibit 2. Redundancy is especially important given Crescent City s high seismic activity. Not only is the 14-inch pipe old, but it is cast iron, which is not as strong and resistant to seismic loads as other materials, such as ductile iron pipe. If during a seismic event, or simply due to age, the existing cast iron pipe was to rupture, the water customers, hospital, and other emergency services would be severely impacted as this transmission main is the only source of water to the City. A proposed improvement project will consist of designing and constructing approximately 7,600-feet of 24-inch Water Transmission Main, connecting the 18-inch State Prison main to the 24-inch City main at the Elevated Tank. This project is referred to as the Kings Valley Road Main (KVM). Blackwell Lane Transmission Main Interconnection Project (BLM). There are two transmission mains that come into the City from the Elevated Tank; one being the newer 24-inch ductile iron transmission main on Lake Earl Drive and the other being the original 10-inch cast iron transmission main on Railroad Ave. The two mains are not well connected. The proposed project will provide needed bypass and redundant capability by interconnecting these two transmission mains. Approximately 4,900-feet of 12-inch pipe is proposed. This project is referred to as the Blackwell Lane Transmission Main Interconnection (BLM). Refer to Exhibit 2. Sutter Coast Hospital Secondary Main (HSM). The Hospital has been open since 1992 and provides much needed emergency service to the community. The Del Norte County High School is also near the hospital as well as other schools and businesses. The Hospital currently has only one water connection from the south. A second connection for redundancy, security (in the event of a catastrophic emergency), and peak flow conditions is desired. This project is referred to as the Hospital Secondary Main (HSM). Refer to Exhibit 2. Crescent City Water Improvement Project 7 Preliminary Engineering Report

13 3.3.3 Distribution System The City s existing distribution system is aging but functional. Pipelines can maintain a minimum of 20 psi in normal conditions, including fire flow. The primary concern the City faces is the relatively high unaccounted for water loss occurring in the system. The UWMP documents unaccounted for water loss at 15.5%. Crescent City has an ongoing leak detection and correction program, including ongoing public education programs, to help conserve water and maximize the water resource. Crescent City has been utilizing the AWWA water loss methodology annually since 2013 to evaluate distribution system losses The results of the 2015 AWWA water loss audit indicates a total water loss of 92.8 million gallons, or 15.5% non-revenue water. Crescent City has been working over the past three years to understand and reduce real loss (UWMP). Due to the water distribution system s age and the area s seismic activities, the City routinely monitors for leaks, conducts distribution system repair and meter calibration activities. Totalizers connected to the Crescent City s control system measure and record production rates, receiving rates, as well as delivery rates. These readings are taken continuously and are monitored (UWMP). Meters. Crescent City has meters on all services and sources. All customer sectors are metered including separate meters for single-family residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, and educational facilities. All customers are billed by volume used. As of July 2016, the City had 4,624 aging meters in place. The average age of these meters is over 40 years. Monthly manual meter reading is required, there is no telemetry system associated with the service meters. There are substantial labor costs associated with manual reading in addition to the costs of undetected leaks and slow identification of leaks due to the infrequent monthly usage collection. During site visits a general understanding of typical water meter configurations and settings was obtained. Most of the meters and the meter boxes are in a precarious state with many beyond their useful life. Some meter boxes have been repeatedly repaired by City staff. Although no attempt was made to visit each meter, an understanding of the general characteristics of the majority of the Crescent City Water Improvement Project 8 Preliminary Engineering Report

14 meters was observed. Typical and non-typical installations were pointed out by City staff. It was clear that new meters and boxes system-wide are needed. Of the 4,624 aging meters, approximately 4,238 (as of July 2016) are current active water accounts according to the City Clerk. The remaining meters were not active due to abandoned accounts, non-payment of accounts, or other reasons. Table 3 provides a breakdown of the user type (residential, multi-family, commercial, industrial, and governmental) and annual water usage per user type as given in the 2015 UWMP, the most recent document where such information was readily available. As will be seen, the current user count of 4,238 does not equal the 2015 UWMP user count of 4,165 because additional meters were added or activated since the 2015 UWMP inventory. Table 3. Meter Services in Crescent City User Type No. of Users Usage (MGY) Single Family Residential 2 3, Multi-family Commercial Industrial 6 1 Institutional / Governmental TOTALS 4, Count is active services as noted in 2015 UWMP 2 Including Mobile Homes 3 Pelican Bay State Prison 3.4 Financial Status of Existing Facilities The City of Crescent City approved a new water rate structure as part of the September 2013 Water Rate Study (WRS). Over the past three years the City has progressively increased their rates, and plans to continue with one more planned rate increase next year. The rate structure utilizes a uniform rate and results in conservation pricing. The present rate structure (effective July 1, 2016) follows, as obtained from the WRS: Crescent City Water Improvement Project 9 Preliminary Engineering Report

15 Table Water Rate Structure and User Categories Monthly Rate for Use Above Meter Size Monthly Fixed Water Rate 500 cubic feet (3,740 gallons) 3/4" $21.83 $2.54 per 100 cu. ft. 1 $30.73 $2.54 per 100 cu. ft. 1-1/2 $48.88 $2.54 per 100 cu. ft. 2 $74.61 $2.54 per 100 cu. ft. 3 $ $2.54 per 100 cu. ft. 4" $ $2.54 per 100 cu. ft. 6" and larger $ $2.54 per 100 cu. ft. The City s typical annual water system income is approximately $2.6M, not including grants the City may obtain. The City has a long-term debt with the Safe Drinking Water State Revolving Loan Fund. The remaining balance of an existing $7,000,000 loan is approximately $2,625,000 with an annual debt service of $350,000 (Pre-App 2015). 3.5 Water/Energy/Waste Audits In 2015, the City performed an AWWA water loss audit for the calendar year. The results indicated losses of 15.5% as cited above. As mentioned earlier, Crescent City has been utilizing the AWWA water loss methodology annually since 2013 to evaluate distribution system losses. The City also performs water loss studies to locate and repair leaks in their distribution system as part of regular maintenance activities. The City is performing additional assessments as part of their ongoing effort to reduce non-revenue water and comply with SB 550 which requires water suppliers to achieve a 20% reduction in water use by 2020 compared to a year 2000 baseline. 4 Need for Project 4.1 Health, Sanitation, and Security The City is now in need of additional improvements to provide secure and sustained water service, especially in the event of a catastrophic event; to keep intact existing key water system components; and to improve water conservation. The proposed water system improvements, detailed in Section 5 below, are associated with old components that have reached or are nearing the end of their expected useful life. The purpose of this project is to mitigate known risks to the water system s security, reliability, and operations and reduce public health hazards generally by improving the City s water supply infrastructure. Crescent City Water Improvement Project 10 Preliminary Engineering Report

16 4.1.1 Storage Reservoir inspections by two companies concur that both reservoirs need repairs, improvements, and refurbishing. Health of the water system users and security of the tank facilities are a potential risk. The inspections revealed the need for many safety upgrades due to there not being any safety provisions and/or due to changes in safety codes. Tables 5 and 6 below combine recommendations from both investigations and VE Solutions. Common recommendations further substantiate and confirm the need for certain improvements and an overall refurbishing of both reservoirs. Blank spaces indicate no comments were made on that item. Major maintenance work and safety upgrades are recommended. Table 5. Washington Reservoir Observations and Potential Upgrades Deficient Item Pittsburgh CSI / VE 1. Lightning protection is not adequate 2. Confined Space Entry Signs not adequate 3. Upgrade shell access ladder (Exterior) Electrically ground the tank for lightning protection. Insert sacrificial cathodic protection rods, radially every 15-feet, beneath the floor of the tank, and to prevent corrosion Place Confined Space Entry signs on primary and secondary shell and roof manways. This deficient item has been addressed and completed by the City at the time of this report. Install an approved, skidresistant, shell access ladder complete with standoffs every 10' on center. Install a cable type ladder safety climb device. Reinstall the lockable ladder guard. Post a Fall Protection Required sign 4. Relocate overflow pipe Disconnect the pipe from the underground drain, replace the internal overflow system with a properly sized exterior overflow system, complete with a weir box, standoffs every 10-feet on center, and fitted with a flapper valve and screen Ladders should have knurled surface or be treated with a skid-resistant material Anchor tank. This repair will also mitigate concerns about differential movement between the piping and the tank Lateral bracing should be checked Crescent City Water Improvement Project 11 Preliminary Engineering Report

17 Deficient Item Pittsburgh CSI / VE 5. Roof handrails not adequate Extend the high handrail system around the circumference of the tank roof, complete with a toe board, an intermediate rail and a swing gate at the junction of the shell-to-roof access ladder and tank roof 6. Add safety chain in handrail opening 7. Interior shell ladder not adequate 8. Tank base not secured or sealed to foundation 9. Level indicator not operational A safety chain should be added to comply with OSHA standards for fall protection. Install an approved, anti-skid rung equipped, interior access ladder complete with standoffs every 10' on center. Install a cable type ladder safety climb device Caulk around the base of the tank to foundation connection to prevent water from entering under the tank and sealing the foundation with a sealant Repair the existing liquid level indicator, replacing damaged parts, the cable, and the target board, as needed, then adjust and calibrate the unit 10. Roof vent requires upgrade Replace the existing center roof vent with a vacuum/pressure, frost proof vent and screen 11. No lock on existing roof manway 12. Seam seal and weld as recommended Install new lock on existing roof manway Seam seal all un-welded interior roof lap seams Seam seal the roof-toknuckle connection Re-weld the rafter-tosupport column and rafterto-knuckle support connections to reinforce The guardrail at the roof hatch is only on two sides. The railing should be extended around all four sides of the hatch Ladders should have knurled surface or be treated with a skid-resistant material The tank is unanchored. Widen concrete footing and weld steel chairs to the side of the tank and attach the chair to the concrete with anchor bolts all around the perimeter. Mitigate concerns about differential movement between the piping and the tank. Level indicator was repaired during investigation by connecting a new wire. Roof or the knuckle can be strengthened to resist wave sloshing forces during a seismic event Crescent City Water Improvement Project 12 Preliminary Engineering Report

18 Deficient Item Pittsburgh CSI / VE 13. Cathodic protection enhancements recommended 14. Remove excessive sediment buildup 15. Exterior painting requires recoating 16. Interior liner requires replacement 17. Repair seismic reinforcement ties 18. Seal joint between shell and knuckle plate Remove the Cathodic Protection System and weld steel plates over the holes. Install a passive cathodic protection system Clean tank out to avoid problems associated with excessive sediment buildup. This deficient item has been addressed and completed by the City at the time of this report. Pressure wash the tank exterior with biodegradable detergent injection (minimum 3,500 psi at 3.0 gpm) then remove all loose rust and scale with wire brushes and hand scrapers in accordance with SSPC#2 (hand tool cleaning), spot prime and apply one (1) finish coat of alkyd enamel Sandblast all rusted and abraded areas of the tank interior to SSPC #10 (near white blast) condition, brush-blast all remaining areas, stripe coat all seams and welds, then apply an epoxy liner to achieve 8-10 mils dry film thickness A more frequent verification of the cathodic protection system should also be completed. Consider spot repairing the tank and overcoating the exterior roof within the next 4 to 6 years. The tree scraping the shell should be pruned to avoid further damage to the paint system. Place the tank on a 3 to 5-year maintenance inspection cycle (interior and exterior) as recommended by the American Water Works Association (AWWA). The underside of the tank roof needs to prepped and painted to prevent further corrosion Repair or replace numerous seismic reinforcement ties throughout the reservoir that were found to be bent. Weld steel plate at this joint that is not currently sealed. Roof or the knuckle can be strengthened to resist wave sloshing forces during a seismic event Crescent City Water Improvement Project 13 Preliminary Engineering Report

19 Table 6. Amador Reservoir Observations and Potential Upgrades Deficient Item Pittsburgh CSI / VE 1. Lightning protection is not adequate 2. Shell manways not adequate 3. Confined Space Entry Signs not adequate 4. Upgrade shell access ladder (Exterior) 5. Relocate overflow pipe 6. Roof handrails not adequate Electrically ground the tank for lightning protection. Insert sacrificial cathodic protection rods, radially every 15-feet, beneath the floor of the tank, to prevent corrosion. Install a second 30-inch diameter shell manway 180 o from primary manway. Post Confined Space Entry signs on shell manways. Install galvanized bolts on existing shell manway. The City has posted Confined Space Entry signs on shell manways at the time of this report. Place Confined Space Entry signs on primary and secondary shell and roof manways. The City has posted Confined Space Entry signs on shell and roof manways at the time of this report. Install an approved, anti-skid rung equipped, shell access ladder complete with standoffs every 10' on center. Install a cable type ladder safety climb device. Install an aluminum lockable ladder guard. Post a Fall Protection Required sign Replace the interior overflow system with a properly sized exterior overflow, complete with a weir box, standoffs every 10-feet on center, an elbow at the bottom fitted with a flapper valve, a screen and a splash pad Install an approved 42-inch high handrail system around the circumference of the tank roof, Strengthen area around new manway Consider completing structural retrofitting work such an installing an exterior ladder, fall prevention systems, and flexible pipe couplings. Consider installing an internal ladder. Consider relocating the drain and overflow pipe from the tank bottom to the shell. Retrofit a concrete ring foundation under and around the perimeter of the tank. This would also mitigate the need to move the overflow pipe. Lateral bracing should also be checked Consider completing structural retrofitting work such as installing fall prevention systems. Crescent City Water Improvement Project 14 Preliminary Engineering Report

20 Deficient Item Pittsburgh CSI / VE 7. Clean and regrade tank site 8. Roof vent requires upgrade complete with a toe board, an intermediate rail and a stainlesssteel gate chain at the junction of the shell-to-roof access ladder and tank roof Clear dirt, debris and other loose gravel away from the tank base, down to the bottom of the floor chime and install a steel retaining ring. Replace the existing roof vent with a vacuum/pressure, frost proof vent and screen Add guard rail around all four sides of the hatch. Remove the dirt around the exterior lower chime of the tank as part of this painting work. 9. No lock on existing roof manway 10. Correct ponding areas on tank roof 11. Repair hole in the tank roof 12. Seam seal and weld as recommended 13. Reinforce support column 14. Remove excessive sediment buildup 15. Cathodic protection Install new lock on existing roof manway Hand tool clean all ponding areas, then apply a commercial epoxy adhesive filler, as needed, to prevent ponding of water Weld a steel plate over the hole in the roof to prevent contaminants from entering the tank Seam seal all un-welded interior roof lap seams Seam seal the roof-to-rim angle connection Reweld the rafter-to-support column and rafter-to-shell connections Install an 18-inch plate on the support column, ½-inch gussets equally spaced to reinforce the connection and new guides on the sides of the base plate Clean tank out to avoid problems associated with excessive sediment buildup Install a passive cathodic protection system Anticipate minor welding repairs to locations with the most advanced metals loss (i.e. around the center vent). Consider completing structural retrofitting work roof or the knuckle can be strengthened to resist wave sloshing during a seismic event. Prep and paint center column base plate. Roof structural members need to be removed and replaced Sediment was removed from the floor during CSI s investigation Consider cathodic protection Crescent City Water Improvement Project 15 Preliminary Engineering Report

21 Deficient Item Pittsburgh CSI / VE enhancements recommended 16. Repair floor buckling condition 17. Exterior painting requires recoating 18. Interior liner requires replacement Stabilize floor by cutting holes installing couplings in the tank floor and pumping grout to the underneath to fill the voided areas where buckling is occurring. Remove and replace. Pressure wash the tank exterior with biodegradable detergent injection (minimum 3,500 psi at 3.0 gpm) then remove all loose rust and scale with wire brushes and hand scrapers in accordance with SSPC#2 (hand tool cleaning), spot prime and apply one (1) finish coat of alkyd enamel. Remove and replace. Sandblast all rusted and abraded areas of the tank interior to SSPC #10 (near white blast) condition, brush-blast all remaining areas, stripe coat all seams and welds, then apply an epoxy liner to achieve 8-10 mils dry film thickness No buckling or floor distortions were observed during the inspection Within the next 3 to 5 years, remove and replace the exterior paint system. This work should include abrasive blast cleaning in accordance with SSPC SP6 Commercial Blast Cleaning. The newly applied paint system should include an epoxy primer and urethane finish coat. The painted surfaces should include the stainless-steel roof hatch. Within the next 2 to 3 years, remove and replace the interior lining system. This work should include abrasive blast cleaning in accordance with SSPC SP10 Near-White Metal Blast Cleaning. The newly applied paint system should include three 4-6 mils coats of an NSF Certified immersion grade epoxy to a total minimum thickness of 15 mils. The relining should include the caulking of all roof plate lap seams and other small crevices. The completion of the recommended items will help ensure the tanks continue to provide safe and reliable service with a service life anticipated to extend over 20 years. Timely maintenance on the reservoirs as proposed will prolong their useful service life and sustain their structural integrity. Based on review of AWWA D the following are comments specific to certain recommendations for the City s information and consideration when embarking on an improvement project. It should be noted that the AWWA standards are industry standards and should be utilized as a good reference to follow when designing new or upgraded facilities. However, the AWWA standards do not carry the force of law and owners are not strictly obligated to follow them as they would Crescent City Water Improvement Project 16 Preliminary Engineering Report

22 a building code. Most water system owners choose to follow most provisions of the AWWA standards. Overflow Pipe. 7.3, unless otherwise specified, the overflow may be external or internal. Whether internal or external, the important factor is where and how the pipe exits the tank. During a seismic event the drain pipe exiting from the bottom may shear apart, likely then draining the tank completely. Thus, CSI s recommendation to consider relocating the drain and overflow pipe from the tank bottom to the shell or VE s recommendation to anchor the tank. Interior Shell Ladder , Inside tank ladder. When specified, an inside tank ladder shall be provided for access from the roof to the bottom of the tank. This statement implies an interior ladder is not required unless otherwise specified but an outside tank ladder shall be provided ( ) Transmission The pipeline improvements proposed herein are essential to water sustainability and security, and to the long-term health and safety of all City water users. KVM. The existing cast iron transmission main along King Valley and Wonder Stump Road is nearly 60 years old and undersized, and is cast iron which is a lesser strength material. A ductile iron pipe, the industry standard for transmission mains due to its strength, reliability, and flexibility, needs to be used to lessen the chance of a main break and the City being completely disconnected from the sole water source. Since no other sources of water supply are available, construction of approximately 7,600-feet of pipe is essential to the City s water security. BLM. The BLM pipeline is similarly important to Crescent City s water resiliency. This project will interconnect the primary transmission mains providing redundancy, security, and flexibility to protect against a potential break in one of the transmission mains from the source. The BLM pipeline is also a key piece in providing a secondary, redundant water connection to some of the community s most critical facilities, such as the hospital. The proposed improvement project will consist of designing and constructing a 12-inch interconnecting main approximately 4,900-feet along Blackwell Lane between Railroad Avenue and Lake Earl Drive, connecting the existing 24-inch main on the west with the existing 10- inch main on the east. Crescent City Water Improvement Project 17 Preliminary Engineering Report

23 HSM. The HSM pipeline will directly benefit the ability to adequately serve many critical facilities like Sutter Coast Hospital (the only hospital within 90 miles any direction), Del Norte County High School, and the Washington Fire Station, which also acts as the County s Emergency Operation Center. The absence of potable water in any one of these locations would cripple the City. This main will also provide better flows and pressures to the general area. A proposed improvement project will consist of designing and constructing approximately 3,600-feet of 12- inch transmission main from the new Blackwell Lane main south to connect into the existing water distribution system in the Hospital area Distribution / Meters The distribution pipeline system is presently not at risk from any health, safety, or regulatory shortcomings. However, the system is old and the City has been working over the past three years to understand and reduce water loss. New meters are needed for the following reasons: Help manage water loss and increase revenue. To bring the system up to date. Old meters are obsolete and not able to be retrofitted to accommodate remote data collection. Able to monitor the meters wirelessly will help the City meet the 25% water reduction directed by Governor Brown on April 1, The ability to detect and notify if a water leak exists. Enhance water and energy efficiency by increasing water use awareness and encouraging conservation. Improve accuracy, most old meters are not accurate. Assist the City in isolating areas where water loss is occurring so appropriate repairs and upgrades can be made. Alarm the City if a backflow condition is occurring. In short, new meters will be more accurate; have a data recorder; and transmit water consumption data automatically using radio telemetry. With regards to the impact on the whole water system, new meters will reduce operating expense (manual labor) and maintenance should remain comparable to the existing situation. 4.2 Aging Infrastructure The Washington Reservoir has been in service for over 15 years, and the Amador Reservoir for over 34 years. Both need refurbishment and repairs due to their ages. Crescent City Water Improvement Project 18 Preliminary Engineering Report

24 The original cast iron transmission main built in 1958 to deliver water from the Smith River site to the City is still in service. Although redundant mains have been added up to the State Prison and southward from the Elevated Tank to the City, a 7,600-foot gap still exists where the original main is the only way for water to get to the City. Adding a second, parallel 24-inch transmission main, the KVM, is essential for water supply security. Similarly adding the BLM will allow for water to be transferred from one side of the City to the other should one of the two primary transmission mains be out of service for any reason. It will allow portions of the old main on Railroad Avenue to remain in service while a break in another part is being repaired. The BLM will allow the hospital to be supplied from two mains reducing risks to the entire region during an emergency. The existing meters are simply old and breaking down and are past their useful life. Many are buried in mud or otherwise difficult to access for observation and maintenance purposes. For the City to provide service to customers at industry standards, the meters need to be replaced with modern equipment. 4.3 Reasonable Growth The proposed improvements are based on current needs and are not planned to accommodate future growth projections; the tanks, mains, and meters are not needed to serve new water users. Instead, the maintenance of the tanks and upgrades to transmission mains are critical for maintaining safe and reliable service to the existing customers. 5 Alternatives Considered This section will describe the alternatives that were considered to meet the needs identified earlier. 5.1 Description The project consists of three separate system upgrades that are needed in Crescent City to continue to provide reliable, safe, and affordable water to the service area. Each of the parts: storage, transmission, and distribution (meters) are broken out in detail below. The storage part of the Project consists of maintenance and safety improvements at the two system tanks. The transmission part includes installing the last segment of redundant transmission main (KVM) from the source to the City and two interconnecting pipelines (BLM and HSM) to enhance system reliability. The distribution part of the Project includes replacement of all manual read meters with a modern, automated metering system. Crescent City Water Improvement Project 19 Preliminary Engineering Report

25 5.1.1 Storage There are two alternatives associated with the reservoirs: Alternative 1: Washington Reservoir. Proceed with painting and lining, performing necessary code upgrades, making structural repairs, and otherwise refurbishing the reservoir to include: Install Lightning Protection Upgrade Exterior Ladder Relocate the internal overflow system with an exterior overflow system or anchor the tank Install (upgrade) Fall Prevention System per current Codes and standards Install Interior Ladder Replace the existing roof vent Correct and repair all noted structural deficiencies, perform structural retrofitting and strengthening Install a passive cathodic protection system Remove and replace exterior Coating System Remove and replace interior Lining System Amador Reservoir. Proceed with painting and lining, performing necessary code upgrades, making structural repairs, and otherwise refurbishing the reservoir to include: Install Lightning Protection Install second Shell Manway Install Exterior Ladder Install Interior Ladder Relocate the interior overflow system with an exterior overflow system or relocate from the tank bottom to the shell or retrofit a ring foundation and anchor the tank Provide up-to-date fall prevention systems per current codes and standards Alternative 2: Replace the existing roof vent Correct and repair all noted structural deficiencies, perform structural retrofitting and strengthening Install a passive cathodic protection system Remove and replace exterior Coating System. Prevent ponding of water Remove and replace interior Lining System. Washington Reservoir. CSI noted that the interior lining is in good to excellent condition. As such, replacement of the interior liner could be postponed until conditions are more degraded. However, VE noted that the underside of the tank roof needs to prepped and painted to prevent further corrosion. Alternative 2 Crescent City Water Improvement Project 20 Preliminary Engineering Report

26 simply consists of removing the interior lining work for the Washington Reservoir from Alternative 1 but proceeding with all other recommended work. Amador Reservoir. There is no recommended change to the approach to the Amador Reservoir under the Alternative 2 project description Transmission Although the need for new interconnecting transmission lines have been substantiated, optional pipeline alignments provide alternatives to consider. An on-site investigation of alternative new transmission pipeline alignments was made. Factors for evaluating possible pipeline alignments consisted of: Visual inspection and input from City staff An environmental and cultural resources review (study found in Appendix F) Identifying and quantifying possible utility interferences and conflicts through a full Design Inquiry from USA North (see the table of findings in Exhibit 6) Title searches using title companies and county and City parcel maps to determine the location of all recorded property lines, right-of-way, and easements in the possible corridors Easement acquisition from private land owners Permits required from other agencies (Caltrans, County, railroad, etc.) Best location for connecting to the existing system (tie-in) that would provide optimum service Potential of conflicting with groundwater and/or rock Potential of significant tree roots or other sub-surface obstructions General topography with respect to likely location of airrelease valves and blow-offs The routing analysis did not include: topographic surveys, geotechnical analysis, or potholing. KVM. Two feasible pipeline alignment alternatives exist, which are both depicted in Exhibit 2: 1. Construct the 24-inch transmission pipeline along Kings Valley Road and Wonder Stump Road or 2. Parallel to Highway 101 in the Caltrans right of way. Upon review and correspondence with Caltrans, they were not amenable to having the pipeline constructed parallel to their right-of-way. Because of this, Crescent City Water Improvement Project 21 Preliminary Engineering Report

27 there is only one alternative to consider for pipeline routing construct the 24- inch transmission pipeline along Kings Valley Road and Wonder Stump Road. Nevertheless, because the Highway 101 alignment has many advantages, information, analysis, and costs will be presented for both routings should the possibility present itself in the future to parallel Highway 101. BLM. Various alternatives were given cursory consideration but no alternatives to the Blackwell Lane Main were fully developed because the available options all suffered from serious shortcomings. The alternatives that were not selected for comparison are: Malone Road, Boulder Avenue, and Pine Grove Road. The first two options substantially reduce the size of the loop formed between the two water transmission mains leaving a greater portion of each main that would not benefit from the redundancy of a loop. The Malone Road and Boulder Avenue alignments each extend the water system through existing development along those routes; however, the alignments are not the proximate system extension that Blackwell Lane is. Blackwell Lane is a main thoroughfare through a large developed area along the north side of the existing water system. Pine Grove Road is located similarly along the systems northern edge, but the alignment would have to run cross-country over an old railroad grade for half its length. Due to the impacts on the environment (the area is heavily forested) and the difficulty for maintenance access, a Pine Grove Road alignment was precluded. The Blackwell Lane alignment offers a much superior location to create redundancy in the transmission mains and extend the distribution system with minimal costs and maximum benefit to the system. HSM. The Hospital Secondary Main could be constructed using one of three alternative alignments, the first two alignments extend south from the proposed Blackwell Lane Main down to the hospital area, the last from the west (refer to the following descriptions and Exhibit 2). 1. Follow Carole Lane (private roadway) and extend cross-country for approximately 575-feet to a connection point in Summer Park Court behind the hospital. Total length: 3,600-feet 2. Follow Holben Road (private roadway), cut through 150-feet of woods and continue south to Winter Lane and Summer Lane, connecting to an existing 12-inch main at the south end of Summer Lane at the northeast corner of the Winding Creek Circle Development. Total length: 3,300-feet Crescent City Water Improvement Project 22 Preliminary Engineering Report