Sustainable Wind Power Development Technology and Policy Perspectives

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Sustainable Wind Power Development Technology and Policy Perspectives"

Oscar Clark
5 years ago
Views:

1 Sustainable Wind Power Development Technology and Policy Perspectives NSF Workshop on Wind Energy 23 March 2010 Cairo, Egypt Plenary Talk Prof. Saifur Rahman

2 Wind Energy Off-shore Wind turbines, Blyth, U.K. 2

3 Global Cumulative Installed Wind Capacity Source: Global Wind Energy Council,

4 Cumulative Installed Wind Power Capacity (MW) Year MW World Wind Energy Association, World Wind Energy Report 2008

5 Wind Turbine Capacity - Country Breakdown 2009 MW Source: Source: Global Wind Energy Council,

6 Top Ten Wind Power New Installed Capacity 2009 Source: Source: Global Wind Energy Council,

Annul Installed Wind Turbine Capacity by Region 2003-2009

7 Annul Installed Wind Turbine Capacity by Region Source: Source: Global Wind Energy Council,

Egypt Wind Atlas 800 W/m2 600 W/m2 400 W/m2 300 W/m2 Economic Marginal Economic major areas with sufficient wind energy resources: 1. Gulf of Suez (400 600 W/m2) 2. Gulf of Aqaba (400 600 W/m2) 3.

8 Egypt Wind Atlas 800 W/m2 600 W/m2 400 W/m2 300 W/m2 Economic Marginal Economic major areas with sufficient wind energy resources: 1. Gulf of Suez ( W/m2) 2. Gulf of Aqaba ( W/m2) 3. Western Egypt domain ( W/m2) 4. Eastern Egypt domain (300 W/m2) 5. Western desert close to Kharga ( W/m2) Source: IISD Report, Clean Energy Investment in Developing Countries, Wind power in Egypt, October

Electricity Demand in Egypt When the Aswan Dam complex was developed in the 1960s, it was able to meet the vast majority of Egypt s electricity demand.

9 Electricity Demand in Egypt When the Aswan Dam complex was developed in the 1960s, it was able to meet the vast majority of Egypt s electricity demand. Now Source: Arab Republic of Egypt Ministry of Electricity and Energy Egyptian Electricity Holding Company, Annual Report 2008 Photo by Three Lions/Getty Images

10 Electricity Generation Mix in Egypt Abu Qir Power Plant Aswan Dam BOOT: Private Sector Source: Arab Republic of Egypt Ministry of Electricity and Energy Egyptian Electricity Holding Company, Annual Report

Installed Generation Capacity Growth MW 2003-2008 Source: Arab Republic of Egypt

11 Installed Generation Capacity Growth MW Source: Arab Republic of Egypt Ministry of Electricity and Energy Egyptian Electricity Holding Company, Annual Report

Egypt Wind Power Issues Opportunities: Generate electricity to export EU via Mediterranean Ring or undersea cable Country aims to generate 12% of power from wind power farms by 2020: target 7,000 MW

12 Egypt Wind Power Issues Opportunities: Generate electricity to export EU via Mediterranean Ring or undersea cable Country aims to generate 12% of power from wind power farms by 2020: target 7,000 MW Challenges: In-country technology base Available manpower Power system stability issues due to high penetration of wind turbines Transmission line upgrades Source: IISD Report, Clean Energy Investment in Developing Countries, Wind power in Egypt, October 2009

13 Egypt Wind Power ( ) Source: IISD Report, Clean Energy Investment in Developing Countries, Wind power in Egypt, October

14 Egypt Wind Power ( ) Source: IISD Report, Clean Energy Investment in Developing Countries, Wind power in Egypt, October

15 Egypt Wind Power - Challenges : 550 MW : 6500 MW It will need a lot of planning, policy support and manpower development to make this happen 15

16 The Prospective Generation Capacity of China in Considering the maximum supply ability of conventional primary energy of electricity generation in China, the conventional components of the total generation capacity of 2,400,000 MW: coal fired 960,000 MW, 40% hydro 360,000 MW, 15% Total of 71% nuclear 260,000 MW, 11% gas fired 120,000 MW, 5% The 29% (700,000 MW) gap needed to be met by nonhydro renewable generation, i.e. solar, wind, biomass, etc. 16 Source: X. Zhao, China EPRI

17 Top Five Countries Wind Power Installations United States Germany China Spain India What do they have in common? -All of them have robust domestic wind power turbine generator manufacturing industries 17 Source: X. Zhao, China EPRI

18 Zafarana Wind farm Largest wind farm in Africa and M-East Excellent wind regime in the Gulf of Suez, average wind speeds reach 10 m/sec. Current capacity 305 MW Total capacity at the site up to 585 MW Source: Egyptian Ministry of Electricity and Energy, Egyptian Wind Energy Association, International Institute for Sustainable Development, Japan International Cooperation Agency, Global Wind Energy Council 18

19 Zafarana Wind farm Zafarana Project was executed through funds and technical support from: Denmark 60 MW, Germany 80 MW, Spain 85 MW, 2006 Japan 80 MW, 2007 Owned and operated by the National Renewable Energy Authority of Egypt Source: International Institute for Sustainable Development, Japan International Cooperation Agency 19

20 Zafarana Wind farm Public may not be friendly very long Source: 20

21 Challenges are: Environmental Impact Evacuation of Power Power System Operation and Control 21

22 Evacuation of Power In the US market there is an aspirational target of 20% capacity from wind power generation by 2030 The biggest challenge is not land, not technology, or the manpower availability, it is transmission access 22

23 Challenges for Wind Power Generation Large Variations in wind power outputs require large storage and back-up generation. May not be cost effective. 23

24 Hourly wind power variation (MW) in Texas, USA (01 and 02 Jan 2008) 01 Jan Jan 2008 Installed Capacity 4,541 MW 24

25 Hourly wind power variation (MW) in Texas, USA (03 and 04 Jan 2008) 03 Jan Jan 2008 Installed Capacity 4,541 MW 25

26 Power System Operation and Control Weak grid Voltage support Wind forecast Dispatchability Forecast of wind speed and direction 26

27 Key Market Strategies Pricing Support/Policies Tax Subsidies Min Fixed Payment Prices Mandates (RPS) Cost Reductions/ Technology Advances New Applications

28 Market Barriers Public Acceptance/ Siting Issues - Noise - Aesthetics Transmission and Intermittence Knowledge of Wind Resource Familiarity with the Technology

29 Cost Reductions Financing Strategies Manufacturing Economy of Scale Better Sites and Tuning Turbines for Site Conditions Technology Improvements

30 Feed-in Tariff Distributed generators are compensated at a rate higher than their electricity purchase rate Germany Spain Japan India China Thailand USA - Production Tax Credit: US $0.015/kWhr 30

31 Participants at the Workshop US Academia, Government Agencies and Industry Regional academic institutions (Opportunities for networking)

32 Challenges for Egypt Development of a domestic technology base Trained manpower for design, construction, installation and maintenance Government policy and budgetary support

33 Looking to the Future Three thousand years ago Egypt led the world in technology May be 30 years from now there will be Egyptian leadership in wind energy technology 33

34 Thank You Saifur Rahman

Roof-top PV in Virginia, USA

Presentation at BPPT,Part Jakarta A 12 June 2015 Prof. Saifur Rahman Virginia Tech, USA 1 Roof-top PV in Virginia, USA Saifur Rahman 2 1 Roof-top PV in Bangladesh Saifur Rahman 3 100 kw Minigrid on a Bangladesh