SUMMARY of AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDE USAGE in FLORIDA:

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2 SUMMARY of AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDE USAGE in FLORIDA: Compiled By: Dr. Ashok N. Shahane Hydrologist, Bureau of Pesticides Division of Agricultural Environmental Services Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Tallahassee, Florida Phone Number: (850) December 1999

3 TABLE OF CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...6 BACKGROUND...7 APPROACH...8 AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDE USAGE AND CROP ACREAGE...9 NON-AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES...10 RUP RELATED VIOLATIONS INVESTIGATED BY FDACS DURING REFERENCES...11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS...13 ACRONYMS USED IN THE REPORT...13 ATTACHMENT I FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL DISTRICTS MAP...73 ATTACHMENT II - FLORIDA MOSQUITOICIDE USAGE...75 ATTACHMENT III RUP RELATED VIOLATIONS ATTACHMENT IV TRADE & COMMON PESTICIDE NAME...86 ATTACHMENT V - A LIST OF RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDES (RUPS)...91 ATTACHMENT VI - A LIST OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES (OPS)...94 SUMMARY OF AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDE USAGE IN FLORIDA: DECEMBER,

4 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: List of the top 22 crops in Florida...15 TABLE 2A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Citrus - Orange...16 TABLE 2B: County specific bearing acreage in Florida for Citrus - Oranges...17 TABLE 3A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Citrus - Grapefruit...18 TABLE 3B: County specific bearing acreage in Florida Crop - Grapefruit...19 TABLE 4A: Statewide Pesticide Usage Crop Sugarcane...20 TABLE 4B: County specific harvested acreage in Florida for Sugarcane...21 TABLE 5A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Corn...22 TABLE 5B: County specific planted acreage in Florida for Corn...23 TABLE 6A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Cotton...24 TABLE 6B: County specific planted acreage in Florida for Cotton...26 TABLE 7A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Peanuts...27 TABLE 7B: County specific planted acreage in Florida for Peanuts...29 TABLE 8A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Potatoes...30 TABLE 8B: County - specific harvested acreage in Florida for Potatoes...31 TABLE 9A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Sweet Corn...32 TABLE 9B: County - specific harvested acreage in Florida for Sweet Corn...33 TABLE 10A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Soybeans...34 TABLE 10B: County - specific planted acreage in Florida for Soybeans...35 TABLE 11A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Fresh Tomatoes...36 TABLE 11B: COUNTY- specific harvested acreage in Florida for Tomatoes...37 TABLE 12A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Watermelons...38 TABLE 12B: County - specific harvested acreage in Florida for Watermelons...39 TABLE 13A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Snap Beans...40 TABLE 13 B County - specific harvested acreage in Florida for Snap Beans...41 TABLE 14A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Bell Peppers (Sweet Peppers)...42 TABLE 14B: County specific harvested acreage in Florida for Bell Peppers (Sweet Peppers)...43 TABLE 15A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Wheat...44 TABLE 15B: County - specific planted acreage in Florida for Wheat...45

5 TABLE 16A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Fresh Market Cucumber...46 TABLE 16B: County - Specific Harvested Acreage In Florida...47 TABLE 17A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Squash...48 TABLE 17B: County - specific harvested acreage in Florida for Squash...49 TABLE 18A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Fresh Cabbage...50 TABLE 18B: County-specific harvested acreage in Florida for Fresh Cabbage...51 TABLE 19A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Tobacco...52 TABLE 19B: County - specific harvested acreage in Florida for Tobacco...53 TABLE 20A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Carrots...54 TABLE 21A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Strawberries...55 TABLE 21B: County - specific harvested acreage in Florida for Strawberries...56 TABLE 22A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Celery...57 TABLE 22B: County - specific acreage in Florida for Celery...58 TABLE 23A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Avocados...59 TABLE 24A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Eggplant...60 TABLE 25A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Lettuce...61 TABLE 26A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Other Hay (Other Than Pasture)...62 TABLE 27A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Statewide Pesticide Usage for Pasture...63 TABLE 28A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Peaches...64 TABLE 29A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Pecans...65 TABLE 30A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Sod...66 TABLE 31: Herbicides reported on Florida crops...67 TABLE 32: Insecticides reported on Florida crops...69 TABLE 33: Fungicides reported on Florida crops...71 TABLE 34: Other chemicals reported on Florida crops....72

6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Florida s high level of agricultural productivity is associated with the use of a wide variety of pesticides. The emergence of pesticide-related issues involving food safety, water quality and potential impacts on non-target species has led to mounting interest in characterizing patterns of pesticide usage in Florida. In addition, accurate pesticide use information is a prerequisite for sound policy decisions regarding the management and regulation of pesticides. In this report, a departure is made from the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) past practice of gathering usage information on Restricted Use Pesticides by Random Sample Surveys of licensed users. A rationale is presented for discontinuing this sampling effort and relying instead on information available in several recently published surveys. The end product of this effort is a compilation of previously published information on usage of agricultural pesticides, both restricted and general use pesticides, and on crop acreage in Florida. Pesticide data are provided for 29 types of crops, including citrus and other fruit crops, vegetables, field crops, nuts, pasture and hay. Most of these data were extracted from tables generated by the National Agricultural Statistics Services. The tables provide estimates of the percent of statewide area treated for specific crops, the average number of pesticide applications each crop received for each pesticide, the amount of active ingredient (A.I.) applied per application, the amount of A.I. applied per acre per crop year, and a calculation of the total pounds of A.I. applied per crop. A total of 134 pesticides are included in this report. Among these, 48 are herbicides, 50 are insecticides, 25 are fungicides and 11 belong to the other chemicals category. Although most crop-specific usage information is available only on a statewide basis, county specific crop acreage patterns are provided to give readers an idea of where within the state particular agricultural pesticides associated with production of those crops might be used. The report also presents usage information on mosquito control pesticides used by 50 mosquito control districts in Florida. In addition, the frequency of violations during is reported for misuse, damage or injury relating to Restricted Use Pesticides pursuant to Chapter Florida Statutes.

7 BACKGROUND Florida is the nation s ninth leading agricultural state, with annual farm cash receipts totaling more than $6 billion. Florida s growers produce more than 70 percent of the country s citrus, nearly 10 percent of its vegetables and more than 25 percent of its domestic sugar supply (1, 2 * ). The state is also a significant producer of field crops and a wide variety of ornamental plants. A contributing factor in Florida s agricultural success has been the improved product stewardship or management of various herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and other crop protection chemicals. Although Florida growers are striving to adopt growing practices that can reduce their reliance on agricultural chemicals, pesticides continue to be important tools for modern crop production. A clear understanding of agricultural pesticide usage in Florida is important in evaluating food safety, protecting human health, and protecting environmental resources. Recognizing this, in the early 1980's the Florida Pesticide Law, Chapter 487, Florida Statues, required the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) to conduct annual surveys which would compile data on the usage of Restricted Use Pesticides (RUPs) in the state. A RUP is a pesticide which, when applied in accordance with its directions for use, warnings, and cautions and for uses for which it is registered or for one or more such uses, or in accordance with a widespread and commonly recognized practice, may generally cause, without any additional regulatory restrictions, unreasonable adverse effects on environment, or injury to the applicator or other persons (Florida Pesticide Law, Chapter 487, Florida Statues). RUPs are distinguished from more commonly used General Use Pesticides (GUPs) in that they may only be applied under the supervision of state-licensed pesticide applicators and that applicators must retain RUP application records for 2 years. A list of Restricted Use Pesticides is provided in AttachmentV. Pursuant to Chapter Florida Statutes, the Pesticide Certification Section of the FDACS Bureau of Compliance Monitoring maintains the current record of public and private licensed applicators in Florida. As well, most RUPs are used for agricultural purposes, but some may be used for other applications, such as structural pest control. A list of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) is provided in Attachment VI because some of OPs are also Restricted Use Pesticides. * Number in the bracket represent the reference numbers in the reference section of the report.

8 Because funding was not available for a comprehensive survey, early efforts by FDACS focused on conducting a Random Sample Survey (RSS) that contacted 10 percent of the state s licensed commercial, private and public RUP applicators. A full account of the rationale and methodology of such RSS is reported in reference (3). In June 1986, FDACS proposed sampling all state-licensed pesticide applicators for both RUPs and GUPs. When funding could not be secured for this effort, the state continued to conduct annual RSSs. In 1995, a revision to the statutes required that pesticide usage be surveyed every three years, rather than annually. A major difficulty in conducting the RSS relates to the skewed distribution of RUP usage in the state. That is, while the preponderance of licensed pesticide applicators report applying little, if any, RUPs, a small group of growers report primarily using only RUPs. This skewed distribution, combined with resource constraints to conduct a more thorough assessment, has resulted in estimates of pesticide usage that may not agree with estimates from other sources. The current report represents a departure from the previous RSS approach. Rather than relying on the generation of new, resource limited RUP usage estimates this report compiles recently published cropspecific information on RUP and GUP usage from the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) and other sources (4 through 12). The report attempts to couple to statewide pesticide usage information with county-specific crop production statistics to help give an overview of the areas of the state in which particular pesticides may be used (13, 14, and 15). APPROACH This report represents a compilation of existing pesticide usage data for Florida. Most of the data addresses agricultural pesticides, and has been produced through the efforts of the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Florida Agricultural Statistics Service (FASS) of FDACS. These surveys are intended to represent the grower population and include information on both RUPs and GUPs. The data not only cover many more pesticides than those in the RSS, they also include additional estimates for rate and frequency of application and percentage of crops treated. In addition, the NASS survey adopts peer-reviewed statistical methodology and includes corroborating contacts with additional sources of information. Florida Statutes require that pesticide

9 usage be surveyed every three years. For the purposes of this study, the most recently available published pesticide usage and acreage data for each crop are included in this report. NASS pesticide use data for most crops were available from 1995 through 1998 (5 through 12). However, some usage data for some field crops were not available more recently than 1995, and in some cases where NASS data were not available, usage was derived from a report by the National Center for Food and Agriculture Policy using 1992 data. In the next triannual report, DACS intends to update information by collating all new pesticide and crop reports that have become available. The referenced reports provide estimates of the percent of statewide area treated for many specific crops, the average number of applications each crop receives for each pesticide, the amount of A.I. applied per application, the amount of A.I. applied per acre per crop year and a calculation of the total pounds of A.I. applied per crop. The usage data are not region or county-specific, rather they represent statewide averages for each pesticide on each crop. To assist readers in determining where different crops are grown in the state, each crop-specific pesticide table is followed by a table showing county-based acreage for the crop. It is not recommended that these data be used to estimate county-specific pesticide usage patterns since statewide usage averages may not apply uniformly across different parts of the state. The crops for which pesticide data could be obtained are listed in Table 1 (14). Other crops are grown in Florida, but those listed in Table 1 represent the majority of crop acreage and crops for which pesticide data are available. AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDE USAGE AND CROP ACREAGE Tables 2 through 34 provide crop-specific pesticide usage information. When county-specific acreage data for a given crop are available, the tables are divided in two parts: (A) pesticide usage and (B) acreage of the crop grown in different counties. Tables 23 to 30 include only pesticide usage information because acreage for individual counties has not been reported. Attachment I provides a map of Florida Districts (10, 30, 50 & 80) that have been referred to in some of these tables. This map is used by the FASS to report pesticide use information for

10 the North Florida region. It is to be noted that pesticide usage data of tables 2 through 30 may not multiply across or add to the totals due to rounding of numbers for percentages of area applied. Vegetable acreage reported by NASS generally represents planted acres, except for strawberries which represents bearing acreage. NASS fruit acreage represents only bearing acres, non-bearing acres are not provided. This distinction should be considered when comparing acreage values derived from different sources. Unless otherwise specified, the source of planted acreage for each pesticide use table is from NASS/FASS reports. Also, for purposes of this report, snap beans and green beans are considered to be synonymous, as are sweet peppers and bell peppers. The low dose pesticides such as metsulfuron-methyl and others in the sulfonylurea class of pesticides are included in the USDA survey. But, no significant use was reported during the survey period. It is essential to contact the Director of County Extension Services of the Institute of Food and Agricultural Services (IFAS) of the University of Florida to finalize the number of crops grown in a particular county or a region. Discussions with the County Extension Director and his staff are useful in identifying the currently registered and non-registered pesticides among the list of pesticides for a crop. NON-AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES Although this report focuses on agricultural pesticide usage, pesticides are used by many others in Florida. For example, pesticides are used in structural pest control, aquatic weed control, right-way maintenance, mosquito control, and for pests on lawns, landscapes and golf courses. Although information on patterns of usage of most such pesticides is not readily available, the FDACS Bureau of Entomology and Pest Control does compile annual data on pesticides used by some mosquito control districts in Florida. This information is tabulated from monthly reports and submitted to the FDACS by 50 mosquito control districts within the state as one of the prerequisites for these districts receiving state funding. The resulting table of mosquitocide use (Attachment II) is not designed to account for many other groups who conduct mosquito control operations, such as cities, associations and golf courses (16). As the state s economy becomes more diversified and urbanized, it will be important to better characterize pesticide usage trends in this area in the future.

11 RUP RELATED VIOLATIONS INVESTIGATED BY FDACS DURING Florida Statues Chapter stipulates that every third year, the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services will conduct a survey of RUPs used in Florida including...reports of misuse, damage, or injury resulting from RUP use during the same period of time. To accomplish this goal, FDACS has assembled RUP data for 1996 through 1998 from pesticide investigation data compiled by the Bureau of Compliance Monitoring. This Bureau maintains a pesticide investigation database that tracks allegations of pesticide statutory violations (e.g., misuse, damage, human exposure, improper distribution or labeling) as well as other pertinent data. Only reports explicitly related to misuse, damage and injury were included within this report. Also, reports were not included in more than one category or violation-type unless explicitly stated in the database (17). Human exposure investigations were queried from the database and only those involving known RUPs were included as injury related violations. Currently, reports of documented injuries during cannot be verified, so reports of alleged human exposure are included for completeness (17). There were a total of 50 confirmed reports of misuse, damage and injury resulting from RUP use during 1996 to 1998 (Attachment III). Twelve of these reports were injury-related (7 of which were reports of alleged human exposure), thirty-seven reports were misuse-related, and one report was damagerelated. There were no obvious chronological or violation trends in the Injury category, nor were trends apparent in the Damage category. The number of referrals for each year in the Misuse category was similar. Annual totals were 13, 12 and 12 for 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. Referrals for improper disposal dominated 22 of the 37 referrals for the Misuse category during 1996 through Other referral types for this category ranged from 2 to 5 for this time period (17) REFERENCES 1. Agricultural Facts, a report by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), Agricultural Facts, a report by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), 1997.

12 3. Shahane A.N. and Inman R.C., A Random Sample Survey: Florida Experience, Proceedings of the FOCUS Conference on Southeastern Ground Water Issues, sponsored by the National Water Well Association in Tampa, Florida, October 6-8, 1986, pg Gianessi L.P. and Anderson J.E,. Pesticide Use in Florida Crop Production, A report by the National Center for Food and Agriculture Policy (NCFAP), February Agricultural Chemical Usage, 1994 Vegetables Summary, a report by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) of the United States Department of Agriculture, July Agricultural Chemical Usage, 1996 Vegetable Summary, a report by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) of the United States Department of Agriculture, July Agricultural Chemical Usage, 1995 Fruits Summary, a report by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) of the United States Department of Agriculture, July Agricultural Chemical Usage,1996 Field Crops Summary, a report by the National Statistics Service (NASS) of the United States Department of Agriculture,September Field Crop Summary 1997", a report by the Florida Agricultural Statistics Service (FASS) of the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), August Florida Agricultural Statistics, Vegetable Summary ", a report published by the Florida Agricultural Statistics Service (FASS) of the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), May Knapp J.L. (Editor), 1997 Florida Citrus Pest Management Guide, Report No. SP-43 by the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences ( IFAS), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, Commercial Citrus Inventory- 1998", a report by the Florida Agricultural Statistics Service (FASS) of the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), December Shahane A.N., A method for generating pesticide use information for Florida Counties, a memorandum of the Bureau of Pesticides, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, December 10, 1997.

13 14. Shahane A.N., Total farmland acreage by counties in Florida, a memorandum of the Bureau of Pesticides, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, December 11, Shahane A.N., The available reports on pesticide use information for Florida Counties, a memorandum of the Bureau of Pesticides, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, December 16, Claborn J., Florida Mosquitocide Usage, Bureau of Entomology and Pest Control of the FDACS, August 27, Hart B.D., RUP related violations investigated by the FDACS during ", Bureau of Pesticides of the FDACS, February 11, Census of Agriculture in Florida, State and County data, National Agricultural Statistics Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, AC97-A-9, Agricultural Chemical Usage, 1998 Restricted Use Pesticides Summary a report by the National Agricultural Statistics Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, October Organophosphate Pesticides: common names and common trade names, Office of Pesticide Programs, United States Environment Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. March 29, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Mr. Jim Smith of the National Agricultural Statistics Service of the United States Department of Agriculture and Mr. John D. Witzig and Mr. Jeff Geuder of the Florida Agricultural Statistics Service are acknowledged for their efforts in throughly reviewing the pesticide usage data and in providing more recent county-wide crop acreages. Mrs. Cheyanne Davis-Conway is also acknowledged for her talent and patience in revising effectively several drafts of this report. ACRONYMS USED IN THE REPORT FDACS: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services

14 FDEP: USDA: NASS: FASS: RSS: RUPs: GUPs: NCFAP: IFAS: F.S.: 2,4-D: DCPA: DSMA: EPTC: MSMA: PCNB: Florida Department of Environmental Protection United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service of USDA Florida Agricultural Statistics Service of FDACS Random Sample Survey Restricted Use Pesticides General Use Pesticides National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences of the University of Florida Florida Statutes 2, 4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid Dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate Disodium methanearsonate S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate Monosodium methanearsonate Pentachloronitrobenzene

15 TABLE 1: List of the top 22 crops in Florida. CROP REPORTED ACREAGES REFERENCES PASTUE 6,057, Bearing CITRUS 787, Harvested SUGARCANE 440,000 9 Harvested OTHER HAY 230,000 9 Planted CORN 120,000 9 Planted COTTON 100,000 9 Planted PEANUTS 92,000 9 Harvested POTATOES 42, Harvested SWEET CORN 42, Planted SOYBEANS 40,000 9 Harvested TOMATOES 37, Harvested WATERMELONS 30, Harvested GREEN BEANS (SNAP BEANS) 28, Harvested SWEET PEPPERS (Bell Peppers) 19, Planted WHEAT 17,000 9 Harvested CUCUMBER 9, Harvested SQUASH 8, Harvested CABBAGE 8, Harvested TOBACCO 7,300 9 Harvested CARROTS 6, Harvested STRAWBERRIES 6, Harvested CELERY 4,115 18

16 TABLE 2A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Citrus - Orange Pesticides CROP: CITRUS - ORANGES Source: Fruits Summary, 1995, Reference No. 7 Total bearing acreage of Oranges in 1995 = 562,800 acres Area Applied (percent) Number of Applications Application Rate (lbs of AI per Acre per Application) Lbs. of AI per Acre per Crop Year Total lbs. of AI Applied per Crop Year HERBICIDES 2,638,600 bromacil ,600 diuron ,500 glyphosate ,500 norflurazon ,300 oryzalin ,900 paraquat ,100 simazine ,100 Other Herbicides 2,4-D, cycloate, diaquat, fluzifop-p-butyl, metribuzin, napropamide, sethoxydim, tribenuron-methyl, and trifluralin 50,600 INSECTICIDES 37,575,600 abamectin ,900 aldicarb ,400 chlorpyrifos ,500 dicofol ,300 ethion ,900 fenbutatin-oxide ,600 oxythioquinox ,400 petroleum distillate ,722,300 sulfur ,224,400 Other Insecticides Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis), carbaryl, fenamiphos, malathion, methidathion, permethrin and propargite 27,900 FUNGICIDES 1,701,200 basic copper sulfate ,100 benomyl ,500 copper hydroxide ,600 copper oxychloride sulfate ,400 copper sulfate ,400 fosetyl-al ,500 metalaxyl ,500 other fungicides Chlorothalonil, copper ammonium, ferbam and iprodione 33,200 STATE TOTALS 41,915,400 NOTE: OTHER PESTICIDES ARE THOSE PESTICIDES THAT WERE USED, BUT BECAUSE OF DISCLOSURE REASONS QUANTITIES WERE NOT PUBLISHED IN REFERENCE NO.7.

17 TABLE 2B: County specific bearing acreage in Florida for Citrus - Oranges CROP: CITRUS - ORANGES Source: Commercial Citrus Inventory 1998, Reference No. 12 COUNTY REPORTED ACRES Hendry 79,434 Polk 78,399 Highlands 62,673 Desoto 57,799 Hardee 46,250 St. Lucie 43,491 Martin 36,301 Collier 29,762 Indian River 26,298 Hillsborough 23,970 Manatee 19,655 Charlotte 14,996 Lake 14,345 Osceola 12,342 Pasco 9,893 Okeechobee 9,716 Lee 9,290 Glades 7,807 Brevard 7,379 Orange 7,270 Palm Beach 6,028 Sarasota 1,611 Volusia 1,127 Seminole 1,073 All others 2,222 STATE TOTALS 609,131

18 TABLE 3A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Citrus - Grapefruit CROP: CITRUS - GRAPEFRUIT Source: Fruits Summary, 1995, Reference No. 7 Total bearing acreage of Grapefruit in 1995 = 127,300 acres Area Application rate lbs. of AI per Total lbs. of AI PESTICIDES Applied Number of (lbs. of AI per acre acre per crop applied per crop (Percent) Applications per application) year year HERBICIDES 591,900 bromacil ,700 diuron ,200 glyphosate ,000 norflurazon ,700 oryzalin ,000 paraquat ,200 simazine ,000 Other Herbicides Cycloate, diquat, fluzifop-p-butyl, metribuzin, napropamide, oxyfluorfen, sethoxydim, tribenuron-methyl and trifluralin 8,100 INSECTICIDES 9,069,500 abamectin ,500 aldicarb ,900 chlorpyrifos ,200 dicofol Ethion ,000 fenbutatin-oxide ,500 oxythioquinox ,500 petroleum distillate ,031,000 Sulfur ,000 Other Insecticides Azinphos-methyl, Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis), carbaryl, diazinon, ethyl parathion, formetanate hydrochloride, malathion, 32,000 methidathion, permethrin, potassium salts and propargite FUNGICIDES 1,402,700 basic copper sulfate ,500 benomyl ,500 copper hydroxide ,300 copper oxychloride sulfate Other Fungicides ,000 Captan, copper ammonium, copper sulfate, ferbam, fosetyl-al, iprodione and metalaxyl 40,400 STATE TOTALS 11,064,100 Note: Other pesticides are those pesticides that were used, but because of disclosure reasons were not published in Reference No. 7

19 TABLE 3B: County specific bearing acreage in Florida Crop - Grapefruit CROP: CITRUS - GRAPEFRUIT Source: Commercial Citrus Inventory 1998, Reference No. 12 COUNTY TOTAL ACRES St. Lucie 48,654 Indian River 33,122 Hendry 8,703 Polk 7,517 Martin 4,829 Highlands 3,604 Collier 3,131 Charlotte 3,112 Palm Beach 2,147 Brevard 1,777 Manatee 1,491 Okeechobee 1,469 Osceola 1,387 DeSoto 1,288 Lee 1,170 Lake 1,139 Hardee 875 Hillsborough 821 Sarasota 438 Glades 342 Pasco 247 Orange 236 Volusia 179 STATE TOTALS 127,678

20 TABLE 4A: Statewide Pesticide Usage Crop Sugarcane CROP - SUGARCANE Source: Reference No. 4 Total planted acreage of Sugarcane in 1992 = 443,000 acres PESTICIDES Area Applied (percent) Applications (Number) Rate per application Rate per crop year lbs. of AI per acre Total lbs. of AI applied per crop year HERBICIDES 2,076,341 2,4-D ,300 ametryn ,880 asulam ,786 atrazine ,196,100 metribuzin ,900 paraquat ,375 INSECTICIDES 545,510 carbofuran ,098 cyfluthrin ,949 ethoprop ,200 phorate ,263 STATE TOTALS 2,621,851 Not reported

21 TABLE 4B: County specific harvested acreage in Florida for Sugarcane CROP - SUGARCANE Source: Field Crops Summary, 1997, Reference No. 9 COUNTY REPORTED ACRES Palm Beach 319,000 Hendry 71,000 Glades 19,000 Martin 12,000 STATE TOTALS 421,000

22 TABLE 5A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Corn CROP - CORN Source: Reference No. 4 Total planted acreage of Corn = 131,000 acres in 1992 PESTICIDES Area applied (percent) Number of Applications Application rate per application Lbs. of AI per acre per crop year Total lbs. of AI applied per crop year HERBICIDES 202,972 2,4- D ,192 alachlor ,196 atrazine ,576 dicamba ,550 metolachlor ,340 pendimethalin ,738 trifluralin ,380 INSECTICIDES 296,741 carbaryl ,880 carbofuran ,650 chlorpyrifos ,520 diazinon ,930 dimethoate ,096 disulfoton ,240 esfenvalerate Ethyl parathion ,930 fonofos ,375 malathion ,777 methomyl ,188 methyl parathion ,222 permethrin ,572 terbufos ,750 trichlorfon STATE TOTALS 499,713 Not reported

23 TABLE 5B: County specific planted acreage in Florida for Corn CROP - CORN Source: Field Crops Summary, 1997, Reference No. 9 COUNTY ACRES DISTRICT 10 49,700 Jackson 20,200 Escambia 7,200 Jefferson 4,300 Washington 3,900 Holmes 2,600 Walton 2,300 Leon 2,000 Calhoun 1,700 Gadsden 1,700 Santa Rosa 1,500 Okaloosa 1,300 Other 1,000 DISTRICT 30 35,300 Suwannee 10,600 Hamilton 8,400 Madison 7,200 Columbia 5,800 Other 3,300 DISTRICT 50 22,000 Alachua 7,300 Gilchrist 7,200 Levy 4,000 Other 3,500 DISTRICT 80 (TOTAL) 13,000 STATE TOTALS 120,000

24 TABLE 6A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Cotton CROP - COTTON Source: Reference No. 4 Total planted acreage of Cotton = 49,000 acres in 1992 Area Application rate lbs. of AI Number of PESTICIDES Applied Applications (lbs. of AI per acre per acre per (Percent) per application) crop year HERBICIDES 126,676 Total lbs. of AI applied per crop year cyanazine ,930 DSMA ,900 endothall fenoxaprop fluazifop fluometuron ,900 methazole MSMA ,580 norflurazon ,275 oxyfluoren paraquat pendimethalin ,562 prometryn ,485 sethoxydim trifluralin ,276 INSECTICIDES 354,495 acephate ,394 aldicarb ,739 bifenthrin Bt (bacillus thuringiensis) 5 Not reported chlorpyrifos ,306 cyfluthrin ,574 cypermethrin dicofol ,910 dicrotophos diflubenzuron ,945 dimethoate disulfoton ,138 esfenvalerate Not reported

25 Area Application rate lbs. of AI Total lbs. of Number of PESTICIDES Applied Applications (lbs. of AI per acre per acre per AI applied (Percent) per application) crop year per crop year fenamiphos ,336 lambdacyhalothrin ,980 malathion ,250 methamidophos ,569 methomyl ,440 methyl Parathion ,950 oxydemeton-methyl ,218 permethrin ,861 phorate ,138 profenofos ,275 sulprofos ,981 thiodicarb ,818 tralomethrin trichlorfon FUNGICIDES 2,624 metalaxyl PCNB ,228 OTHER CHEMICALS 76,799 1,3- dichloropropene ,800 dimethipin ,336 ethephon ,900 mepiquat chloride sodium chloride ,198 thidiazuron ,114 tribufos ,154 STATE TOTALS 560,594

26 TABLE 6B: County specific planted acreage in Florida for Cotton CROP COTTON Source: Field Crop Summary, 1997, Reference No. 9 COUNTY TOTAL PLANTED ACREAGE District 10 Jackson 26,500 Santa Rosa 26,000 Escambia 14,200 Calhoun 6,600 Walton 4,600 Okaloosa 4,500 Holmes 3,300 Jefferson 2,100 Washington 1,200 Gadsden 1,100 Total 90,100 All other Districts Hamilton 2,700 Alachua 1,800 Madison 1,700 Columbia 400 All other Counties 3,300 Total 9,900 STATE TOTALS 100,000

27 TABLE 7A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Peanuts CROP-PEANUTS Source: Reference No. 4 Total planted acreage of Peanuts = 80,000 acres in 1992 PESTICIDES Area Applied (Percent) Number of Applications Application rate (lbs. of AI per acre per application) lbs. of AI per acre per crop year Total lbs. of AI applied per crop year HERBICIDES 257,188 2,4-D ,016 acifluoren ,144 alachlor ,600 benefin ,000 bentazon ,200 chlorimuron ethalfluralin ,800 fenoxaprop imazethapyr metolachlor ,000 norflurazon ,464 paraquat ,000 pendimethalin ,600 pyridate ,952 sethoxydim ,480 vernolate ,440 INSECTICIDES 180,800 acephate ,800 aldicarb ,752 Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) 1 not reported carbaryl ,000 Not reported

28 PESTICIDES Area Applied (Percent) Number of Applications Application rate (lbs. of AI per acre per application) lbs. of AI per acre per crop year Total lbs. of AI applied per crop year chlorpyrifos ,400 disulfoton ,600 esfenvalerate fenamiphos ,080 fonofos ,000 methomyl ,400 phorate ,800 propargite , 800 FUNGICIDES 591,264 carboxin ,000 chlorothalonil ,264 PCNB ,000 sulfur ,000 OTHER CHEMICALS 251,040 1,3- dichloropropene ,600 metam sodium ,440 STATE TOTALS 1,280,292

29 TABLE 7B: County specific planted acreage in Florida for Peanuts CROP - PEANUTS Source: Field Crops Summary, 1997, Reference No. 9 COUNTY REPORTED ACRES District 10 Jackson 31,500 Santa Rosa 13,100 Walton 6,200 Holmes 5,000 Calhoun 3,900 Jefferson 1,000 Okaloosa 1,300 Washington 1,400 Gadsden 900 Other 600 Total 64,900 District 30 Suwannee 5,000 Columbia 3,300 Madison 1,100 Other 600 Total 10,000 District 50 Levy 9,200 Marion 4,600 Alachua 1,600 Other 1,000 Gilchrist 700 Total 17,100 STATE TOTALS 92,000

30 TABLE 8A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Potatoes CROP- POTATOES Source: Reference No. 4 Total planted acreage of Potatoes = 40,900 acres in 1992 PESTICIDE Area Applied (Percent) Number of applications Application rate (lbs. of AI per acre per application) lbs. of AI per acre per crop year Total lbs. Of AI applied per crop year HERBICIDES 49,080 EPTC 10 12,270 metolachlor ,338 metribuzin ,360 paraquat ,112 INSECTICIDES 54,913 carbaryl ,908 methomyl ,608 mevinphos oxamyl ,045 phorate ,041 FUNGICIDES 463,905 chlorothalonil ,467 mancozeb ,320 maneb ,320 metalaxyl ,798 STATE TOTALS 567,898 Not reported

31 TABLE 8B: County - specific harvested acreage in Florida for Potatoes CROP - POTATOES Source: Field Crop Summary, 1997, Reference No. 9 COUNTY TOTAL PLANTED ACRES St. Johns 18,500 Others 12,900 Dade 4,700 Putnam 4,500 Flagler 1,500 STATE TOTALS 42,100

32 TABLE 9A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Sweet Corn CROP - FRESH MARKET SWEET CORN Source: Vegetable Summary, 1996, Reference No. 6 Total planted acreage of Fresh Market Sweet Corn in 1996 = 43,400 acres PESTICIDES Area applied (percent) Applications (Number) Rate per application lbs. of AI per acre Rate per crop year Total lbs. of AI applied per crop year HERBICIDES 63,300 atrazine ,800 metolachlor ,200 Other Herbicides 2,4-D, alachlor, butylate, EPTC, glyphosate, metribuzin, napropamide, paraquat, and pendimethalin 8,300 INSECTICIDES 283,200 carbaryl ,700 chlorpyrifos ,000 esfenvalerate lambdacyhalothrin ,400 methomyl ,700 permethrin phorate ,600 thiodicarb ,000 Other Insecticides Abamectin, Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis), carbofuron, diazinon, endosulfan, ethoprop, imidacloprid, methamidophos, methyl parathion, petroleum distillate, tefluthrin and terbufos 27,400 FUNGICIDES 148,400 mancozeb ,400 maneb ,400 propiconazole ,200 Other Fungicides Mancozeb, metalaxyl and sulfur 21,4000 STATE TOTALS 494,900

33 TABLE 9B: County - specific harvested acreage in Florida for Sweet Corn SWEET CORN Source: Vegetable Summary , Reference No. 10 COUNTY / REGION REPORTED ACRES Everglades 24,400 Central 8,550 SE/SW region 5,850 North/west 3,300 STATE TOTALS 42,100

34 TABLE 10A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Soybeans CROP- SOYBEANS Source: Reference No. 4 Total planted acreage of Soybeans = 50,000 acres in 1992 PESTICIDES Area Applied (Percent) Number of Applications Application rate (lbs. of AI per acre per application) lbs. of AI per acre per crop year Total lbs. of AI applied per crop year HERBICIDES 47,940 2,4 -D acifluoren ,260 alachlor ,100 bentazon ,375 chlorimuron ethalfluralin ,200 fluazifop fomesafen glyphosate ,440 imazaquin lactofen metolachlor ,500 metribuzin ,725 paraquat pendimethalin ,625 quizalofop-ethyl sethoxydim trifluralin ,570 INSECTICIDES 15,950 carbofuran ,000 chlorpyrifos ,500 disulfoton ,000 esfenvalerate ethyl parathion ,250 methomyl ,750 methyl parathion ,600 permethrin ,540 thiodicarb ,200 tralomethrin STATE TOTALS 63,890 Not reported

35 TABLE 10B: County - specific planted acreage in Florida for Soybeans CROP - SOYBEANS SOURCE: Field Crop Summary, 1997, Reference No. 9 COUNTY TOTAL PLANTED ACREAGE DISTRICT 10 Jackson 13,500 Calhoun 6,000 Escambia 4,100 Santa Rosa 3,000 Holmes 2,500 Washington 1,800 Walton 1,700 Jefferson 1,400 Okaloosa 1,000 Gadsden 800 Other 500 TOTAL 36,300 Other 3,700 STATE TOTALS 40,000

36 TABLE 11A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Fresh Tomatoes CROP- TOMATOES- FRESH Source: Vegetable Summary, 1996, Reference No. 6 Total planted acreage of Fresh Market Tomatoes = 40,000 acres PESTICIDES Area Application Rate lbs. of AI per Total lbs.of AI Number of Applied (lbs. of AI per acre acre per crop applied per Applications (Percent) per application) year crop year HERBICIDES 744,700 metribuzin ,100 paraquat ,900 Other Herbicides Diquat, glyphosate, lactofen, metolachlor, monocarbamide dihydrogen sulfate, napropamide, pebulate, and sethoxydim 707,700 INSECTICIDES 298,400 abamectin Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) Not reported endosulfan ,200 esfenvalerate ,200 imidacloprid ,100 methamidophos ,800 methomyl ,200 permethrin ,200 Other Insecticides Azadirachtin, azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, cyromazine, diazinon, fonofos, lamdacyhalothrin, oxamyl, 157,100 petroleum distillate, piperonyl butoxide and potassium salts FUNGICIDES 1,122,800 benomyl ,100 chlorothalonil ,600 copper hydroxide ,100 mancozeb ,300 metalaxyl ,300 Other Fungicides Anilazine, copper ammonium, copper oxychloride, fosetyl-al, maneb, and sulfur 123,400 OTHER CHEMICALS 7,187,800 chloropicrin ,842,100 methyl bromide ,345,700 STATE TOTALS 9,353,700

37 TABLE 11B: COUNTY- specific harvested acreage in Florida for Tomatoes CROP - TOMATOES Source: Vegetable Summary , Reference No. 10 COUNTY TOTAL HARVESTED ACRES Manatee 8,900 Collier 8,500 Dade 3,300 Hendry 3,300 Hillsborough 3,200 Gadsden 2,200 Palm Beach 2,000 Lee 2,000 Martin 900 St. Lucie 800 STATE TOTALS 35,100

38 TABLE 12A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Watermelons CROP- WATERMELONS Source: Vegetable Summary, 1996, Reference No. 6 Total planted acreage of Watermelons = 40,000 acres PESTICIDES Area Applied (Percent) Number of Applications Application rate (lbs. of AI per acre per application) Lbs. of AI per acre per crop year Total lbs. of AI applied per crop year HERBICIDES 18,300 paraquat ,500 sethoxydim Other Herbicides Ethalfluralin, glyphosate, and monocarbamide dihydrogen sulfate 15,600 INSECTICIDES 26,200 Bt (Bacillus thuringiesis) Not reported endosulfan ,800 esfenvalerate methamidophos methomyl ,100 oxamyl ,900 permethrin ,500 Other Insecticides Abamectin, acephate, azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate and malathion 2,300 FUNGICIDES 308,600 benomyl ,900 chlorothalonil ,200 copper hydroxide ,800 mancozeb ,800 maneb ,600 metalaxyl ,900 Other Fungicide Basic copper sulfate, captan, sulfur, and triadimefon 7,400 STATE TOTALS 353,100

39 TABLE 12B: County - specific harvested acreage in Florida for Watermelons CROP - WATERMELONS Source: Vegetable Summary, , Reference No. 10 COUNTY HARVESTED ACREAGE Alachua 3,100 Hendry 2,600 Gilchrist 2,300 Levy 2,100 Manatee 2,000 Collier 1,900 Suwannee 1,700 Sumter 1,300 Holmes 1,200 Charlotte 1,100 Jackson 1,000 Lee 1,000 Marion 1,000 Washington 1,000 Columbia 800 Dixie 700 Lafayette 700 Hardee 600 Jefferson 600 Desoto 400 STATE TOTALS 27,100

40 TABLE 13A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Snap Beans CROP - SNAP BEANS Source: Vegetable Summary, 1996, Reference No. 6 Total planted acreage of fresh Snap Beans in 1996 = 29,000 acres PESTICIDES Area Applied (Percent) Number of Applications Application rate (lbs. of AI per acre per application) lbs. of AI per acre per crop year Total lbs. of AI applied per crop year HERBICIDES 19,000 metolachlor ,900 Other Herbicides Chloramben, EPTC, glyphosate, paraquat, pendimethalin, sethoxydim and trifluralin 5,100 INSECTICIDES 51,500 acephate ,700 carbaryl ,800 Bt (Bacillus thuringiesis) Not reported diazinon ,000 dimethoate ,900 endosulfan ,700 methomyl ,500 Other Insecticides Azadirachtin, azinphos-methyl, esfenvalerate, ethoprop, malathion, mevinphos, permethrin and rotenone 10,900 FUNGICIDES 194,900 benomyl ,800 chlorothalonil ,300 copper hydroxide ,400 metalaxyl ,100 PCNB ,900 sulfur ,800 Other Fungicides Captan, copper sulfate, dicloran, fosetyl-al, mancozeb, and maneb 5,600 STATE TOTALS 265,400

41 TABLE 13 B County - specific harvested acreage in Florida for Snap Beans CROP - SNAP BEANS (GREEN BEANS) Source: Vegetable Summary , Reference No. 10 COUNTY TOTAL HARVESTED ACRES Dade 14,800 Alachua 900 Other Counties 12,800 STATE TOTALS 28,500

42 TABLE 14A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Bell Peppers (Sweet Peppers) CROP- BELL PEPPERS (SWEET PEPPERS) Source: Vegetable Summary, 1996, Reference No. 6 Total planted acreage of Bell Peppers in 1996 = 21,300 acres PESTICIDES Application lbs. of AI Area Total lbs. of Number of rate (lbs. of AI per acre Applied AI applied per Applications per acre per per crop (Percent) crop year application) year HERBICIDES 159,900 monocarbamide dihydrogen sulfate ,700 paraquat ,500 Other Herbicides Diquat, ethalfluralin, fluazifop-p-butyl, glyphosate, metolachlor, napropamide, sethoxydim and trifluralin 19,700 INSECTICIDES 92,900 abamectin acephate ,500 Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) Not reported dicofol ,400 endosulfan ,500 esfenvalerate imidacloprid ,800 methomyl ,800 oxamyl ,100 permethrin ,100 Other Insecticides Azadirachtin, azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, cyfluthrin, cyromazine, diazinon, dimethoate, 17,077 methamidophos,and oxythioquinox FUNGICIDES 464,600 copper hydroxide ,300 maneb ,300 metalaxyl ,700 Other Fungicides Basic copper sulfate, captan, chlorothalonil, copper ammonium, copper hydroxide, mancozeb and sulfur 32,300 OTHER CHEMICALS 3,794,900 chloropicrin ,400 methyl bromide ,395,500 STATE TOTALS 4,512,300

43 TABLE 14B: County specific harvested acreage in Florida for Bell Peppers (Sweet Peppers) CROP - BELL PEPPERS (SWEET PEPPERS) Source: Vegetable Summary , Reference No. 10 COUNTY TOTAL HARVESTED ACRES Palm Beach 4,510 Hendry 3,100 Collier 2,750 Manatee 2,550 Martin 1,350 Hillsborough 1,150 Other Counties 3,590 STATE TOTALS 19,000

44 TABLE 15A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Wheat CROP - WHEAT Source: Reference No. 4 Total planted acreage of Wheat = 20,000 acres in 1992 PESTICIDES Area Applied Number of Applications Application rate (lbs. of AI per acre per application)* lbs. of AI per acre per crop year Total lbs. of AI applied per crop year HERBICIDES 3,650 2, 4-D ,200 dicofol INSECTICIDES 4,700 methyl parathion phorate ,000 FUNGICIDES 2,172 mancozeb ,920 propiconazole triadimefon STATE TOTALS 10,522 Not Reported

45 TABLE 15B: County - specific planted acreage in Florida for Wheat CROP - WHEAT Source: Field Crop Summary, 1997, Reference No. 9 COUNTY TOTAL HARVESTED ACRES District 10 16,100 Other 900 STATE TOTALS 17,000 PLEASE SEE THE ATTACHMENT I FOR THE LOCATIONS OF DISTRICTS 10, 30, 50 & 80.

46 TABLE 16A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Fresh Market Cucumber CROP - FRESH MARKET CUCUMBER Source: Vegetable Summary, 1996, Reference No. 6 Total planted acreage of Fresh Market Cucumber in 1996 = 10,000 acres PESTICIDES Area applied (Percent) Number of applications Application rate (lbs. of AI per acre per application) lbs. of AI per acre per crop year Total lbs. of AI applied per crop year HERBICIDES 134,400 paraquat ,100 Other Herbicides Bensulide, ethalfluralin, fluazifop-p-butyl, glyphosate, monocarbamide dihydrogen sulfate, oxyfluorfen and sythoxydim 130,300 INSECTICIDES 42,500 Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) Not reported endosulfan ,400 methomyl ,500 Other Insecticides Acephate, azadirachtin, azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, diazinon, dicofol, esfenvalerate, malathion, methamidophos, oxamyl, permethrin, petroleum distillate and terbufos 11,600 FUNGICIDES 124,600 chlorothalonil ,700 copper hydroxide ,000 mancozeb ,600 maneb ,700 metalaxyl ,200 Other Fungicides Basic copper sulfate, benomyl, captan, copper sulfate, sulfur, thiophanate-methyl 6,400 STATE TOTALS 301,500

47 TABLE 16B: County - Specific Harvested Acreage In Florida CROP = FRESH MARKET CUCUMBER Source: Vegetable Summary , Reference No. 10 COUNTY TOTAL HARVESTED ACRES Palm Beach 2,600 Hendry 1,300 Hardee 1,000 Martin 1,000 Manatee 850 Collier 450 Other Counties 1,900 STATE TOTALS 9,100

48 TABLE 17A: Statewide Pesticide Usage for Squash CROP- SQUASH Source: Reference No. 4 Total planted acreage of Squash = 13,500 acres in 1992 PESTICIDES Area Applied (Percent) Number of applications Application rate (lbs. of AI per acre per application) lbs.of AI per acre per crop year Total lbs of AI applied per crop year HERBICIDES 16,200 chloramben ,200 INSECTICIDES 57,783 carbaryl ,350 carbofuran ,350 endosulfan ,325 esfenvalerate ,350 fenvalerate ,430 lindane methomyl ,010 methoxychlor ,375 mevinphos oxamyl ,375 FUNGICIDES 260,984 benomyl ,905 chlorothalonil ,129 mancozeb ,950 STATE TOTALS 334,967 Not Reported

49 TABLE 17B: County - specific harvested acreage in Florida for Squash CROP - SQUASH Source: Vegetable Summary , Reference No. 10 COUNTY TOTAL HARVESTED ACRES Dade 5,050 Lee 450 Collier 350 Hendry 300 Palm Beach 250 Alachua 200 Hardee 200 Hillsborough 200 Marion 100 Other Counties 1,400 STATE TOTALS 8,500