WELCOME TO 2018 CROP PLANNING

Transcription

1 2018 FIELD GUIDE

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3 WELCOME TO 2018 CROP PLANNING At Dow AgroSciences, we approach everything we do with a customer-first mindset. It means we re here to help you in every way we can, from making our products easier to use, to investing in research, to thinking about whole farm needs, including: SEED. High yielding Nexera canola hybrids offer unique access to market premiums for healthier Omega-9 Oils. CROP PROTECTION. New formulations, such as GoDRI and XL, help reduce packaging while staying convenient and easy to use. FERTILITY. We are an industry leader in nitrogen management for higher yields and reduced environmental impact. R&D. We continue to invest in advances like Arylex active, a new class of chemistry with low use rates and efficacy across all conditions. COMMUNICATION. Whether you re on the go or in the office, we strive to be available and informative: Call our Solutions Center ( ) to speak to a professional agronomist Connect with us on Twitter (@DowAgroCA_SC) Visit dowagro.ca for useful tools, such as the volume-to-volume surfactant calculator, pest ID, the Diamond Rewards calculator, or to download our Field Guide app for a lighter, field friendly version of this guide. Here s to a successful 2018 season. If you need anything, we re here to help! Look for this logo to indicate the most effective action possible to manage today s herbicide-resistant weeds. 1

4 CONTENTS DIAMOND REWARDS Diamond Rewards offer P. 3 NEXERA CANOLA P. 6 NITROGEN STABILIZERS What is a nitrogen stabilizer? P. 12 N-Serve and entrench what do they do? P. 13 What happens to applied nitrogen? P. 14 How do crops use nitrogen? P. 14 HERBICIDES PRE-SEED Korrex II P. 16 Paradigm P. 18 PrePass FLEX P. 20 PrePass XC P. 22 IN-CROP Assure II P. 26 Attain XC P. 28 Cirpreme XC P. 30 Eclipse XC P. 32 Frontline 2,4-D XC P. 34 Frontline XL P. 36 Liquid Achieve SC P. 38 Lontrel XC P. 40 OcTTain XL P. 42 Paradigm P. 44 Pixxaro P. 46 Prestige XC P. 48 Prestige XL P. 50 Rexade P. 52 Salute P. 54 Simplicity GoDRI P. 56 Simplicity GoDRI Wild Oat Rate P. 58 Sortan IS P. 60 Spectrum P. 62 Stellar XL P. 64 Tandem P. 66 VP 480 P. 68 RANGE & PASTURE Grazon XC P. 72 Restore II P. 74 Reclaim II P. 76 INSECTS, DISEASES AND SEED APPLIED TECHNOLOGY Acapela P. 80 Closer P. 82 Delegate P. 84 Dithane Rainshield P. 86 Lorsban NT P. 88 Lumiderm P. 92 PERFORMANCE Why choose Arylex active and how it works P. 96 Crop staging P. 98 Best practices for sprayer clean-out P. 100 Multi-Mode of Action P. 101 Thistle control P. 106 Brome control P. 107 Herbicide resistance P ,4-D and MCPA rates P. 109 WEED GUIDE P

5 DIAMOND REWARDS EASY WAYS TO BE REWARDED. It is our goal to make your work less complicated with customer-first technology and leading agronomics. Now, we are making it even easier for you to save with Diamond Rewards. Step 1: Choose the tank mixes or products that best suit your agronomic needs. Step 2: Watch the savings grow with Diamond Rewards. Visit dowagro.ca or call

6 EASY WAYS TO BE REWARDED Purchase $5,000 of eligible 1 Dow AgroSciences products before November 30, 2018 and save with Diamond Rewards. SAVE SAVE SAVE SAVE $2 60 PER ACRE + $1 95 PER ACRE + $1 00 PER ACRE = $5 55 PER ACRE Total Cereal Acre Savings TANK MIX REWARD Earn: $2/acre on in-crop grass 2 and broadleaf cereal herbicide tank mixes, including Rexade and Tandem; $0.60/acre 3 on Acapela fungicide with matching cereal tank mix acres ($30/jug) EARLY BOOK REWARD On acres booked by March 15, 2018, earn an additional: $1/acre on in-crop grass and broadleaf cereal herbicide tank mixes, including Rexade and Tandem; $0.50/acre on unmatched broadleaf acres $0.30/acre 3 on Acapela fungicide with matching cereal tank mix acres ($15/jug) $0.50/acre on pre-seed: Korrex II, Paradigm, PrePass FLEX and PrePass XC $0.15/acre on VP480 when used with matching acres of pre seed portfolio SEED CUSTOMER BONUS Grow at least one variety of Nexera, Pioneer, Dow Seeds or D-Series and earn the following on matching acres: $1/acre on in-crop grass and broadleaf cereal herbicide tank mixes, including Rexade and Tandem; Seed Customer Reward $1/acre on Acapela 4 fungicide with matching seed acres ($30/jug) $0.50/acre Early Book Reward on Acapela 4 fungicide with matching seed acres ($15/jug) $2/acre on Salute with matching canola acres $1/acre on Eclipse with matching canola acres VISIT YOUR RETAILER TO PURCHASE AND WATCH YOUR SAVINGS GROW Diamond Rewards runs from December 1, 2017 to November 30, Questions? Call our Solutions Center at or calculate your savings on dowagro.ca/diamondrewards. 1 Visit dowagro.ca for a list of eligible products. 2 Tank mix acres with Simplicity grass herbicide are calculated at 53 acres per jug. 3 Savings on Acapela in cereal acres are calculated at 50 acres per jug. 4 Savings on Acapela, except for cereal in-crop tank mix acres, are calculated at 30 acres per jug. Acapela acres will be matched against the combined total of cereal in-crop tank mix and seed brands acres.

7 SEED FOR YIELD. From high-yielding hybrids to heart-healthy Omega-9 Oils to new, high protein meal only Nexera canola creates new markets that help produce the highest farmer returns per acre, year after year, across Western Canada.

8 THE FUTURE OF CANOLA WITH NEXERA 8,000,000 acres will be IP canola in Acres of Canola ,000,000 22,000,000 Canola Council of Canada 2025 VISION: 26MMT and 52 bu/ac by Has replaced more than 1.5 billion pounds of trans fat and saturated fat from the North American food supply since 2005 Contains no trans fats and is low in saturated fats Western Canadian canola growers have earned $550,000,000 MORE with Nexera canola Nexera average return per bushel/tonne over commodity canola THE RIGHT HYBRIDS FOR THE CONDITIONS ON YOUR FARM Our canola hybrids advance agronomic performance by delivering superior yields, standability, emergence, disease resistance, harvestability and more. We offer two outstanding weed control solutions Roundup Ready and Clearfield to help you select the option that is right for your conditions. Nexera Roundup Ready hybrid series Nexera Hybrid 1020 RR Nexera Hybrid 1022 RR Nexera Hybrid 1024 RR Nexera Clearfield hybrid series Nexera Hybrid 2020 CL Nexera Hybrid 2022 CL Nexera Hybrid 2024 CL These hybrids are ideal for growers in the mid- and long-season zones, offering yield potential equivalent to any competitive canola hybrid and resulting in profitability that s higher than any other canola brand. 6

9 SEED FOR YIELD Take a closer look at the Nexera canola hybrid series if you re looking for a canola hybrid that will give you the yield potential of other leading hybrids, the convenience of Roundup Ready and Clearfield systems, and great agronomic characteristics, like lodging resistance and easy harvestability. Nexera canola gives you all that PLUS the profit potential that comes with growing an Omega-9 Canola Oil hybrid, with a built-in value chain. That means premiums over and above what you can get with commodity canola. What s not to like? Nexera Canola Hybrid Characteristics Platform Variety Early Season Vigour 1 Roundup Ready Days to Maturity Lodging 2 Blackleg 3 Clubroot Pod Shatter Resistance 4 Yield 5 (bu/ac) 1020 RR Y N RR N N RR Y N 54.9 Clearfield 2020 CL Y N CL N Y CL N Y Early Season Vigour Scale: 9 = Excellent, 5 = Average, 1 = Poor 2 Lodging Scale: 9 = Excellent, 5 = Average, 1 = Poor 3 Blackleg Scale: 9 = Strong resistance, 5 = Moderate resistance, 1 = No resistance 4 Demonstrates strong pod shatter reduction and can be considered for straight cutting Advanced Demonstration Trial Results A hybrid for every farm Excellent standability Excellent yield potential Strong early season vigour Long & mid-season adaptability Strong disease package (blackleg, clubroot) Pod shatter reduction technology Easy to harvest As one of our top yielding varieties on our operation, it becomes a clear winner financially for us. Jordan Kambeitz, Sedley, SK 7

10 NEW FOR 2018! 1026 RR 6% yield improvement over 1020 RR Multi-genic blackleg R for clubroot Similar height to 1022 RR Similar maturity to 1020 RR 2026 CL 5% yield improvement over 2020 CL Multi-genic blackleg Excellent standability 2" taller than 2020 CL Similar maturity to 2020 CL CHOOSE THE RIGHT VARIETIES FOR YOU Whether you prefer a Roundup Ready or a Clearfield system, we ve got a Nexera canola hybrid that will perform well in your area. Select the hybrids that perform best in your location RR 1024 RR 2020 CL 1012 RR 1020 RR 1024 RR 2020 CL 1012 RR 1022 RR 2022 CL 1012 RR 1022 RR 2020 CL 1022 RR 2022 CL 2024 CL 8

11 VISIVIO REPRESENTS THE NEXT EVOLUTION OF FLEA BEETLE CONTROL Two flea beetle species are now present across the Canadian Prairies. Both striped and crucifer flea beetles can significantly damage the plant after emergence. With two insecticides and four fungicides, Visivio gives your Nexera canola enhanced protection against crucifer and striped flea beetles, and powerful protection against the soil-borne diseases caused by Fusarium spp., Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia. Striped flea beetle Visivio Helix Vibrance Crucifer flea beetle LUMIDERM FOR PROTECTION AGAINST CUTWORMS AND FLEA BEETLES It s time to fight back against cutworms, flea beetles, changing environmental conditions and the challenges of time management during the early stages of crop development. Lumiderm provides excellent plant protection right from the start, allowing you to protect your Nexera canola seed investment. With its powerful residual control, it s the next big leap in early season crop protection that you ll want on your Nexera canola seed to get your seedlings off to a strong start. Standard Treatment Lumiderm + Standard Treatment Source: Sperling, MB JUMPSTART JumpStart inoculant enhances the phosphate uptake in your Nexera canola during those critical early days of germination, emergence and establishment. It works by helping to release soil-bound phosphate, making it more available to plants as they grow for increased root growth and stronger establishment. Treated Untreated 9

12 CONTRACT OR NO CONTRACT It s up to you! Interested? Call us at , or talk to your local Dow AgroSciences representative. Nexera offers you two routes to profit: contract your Nexera canola hybrid acres through one of our five contract partners, or opt for a Flexibility Agreement, which allows you to grow and market a Nexera canola hybrid WITHOUT a contract. Go contract! Our contract partners offer various incentives, the primary one being the Nexera canola premium in the range of $40/MT. Other incentives include: Delivery options to suit your needs. Flexible pricing options to help you manage cash flow. Act of God clauses great if you re forward pricing. Trucking and storage incentives. Go flexible! Our Flexibility Agreement is a direct response to growers who said they wanted to grow more Nexera canola hybrid acres without having to lock it into an IP contract. With the Flexibility Agreement you can: Sell your Nexera canola at your discretion *. Retain the option to negotiate an Omega-9 Oils premium should market demand and contract opportunities arise. * Even when sold as commodity canola, Nexera canola hybrid seed must remain in the Nexera value chain and therefore can only be sold to one of our contract partners. Over the last several years, it s produced me some of my best yields and economically has paid me the best prices in the end. Ray Bashutsky, Wynyard, SK 10

13 BENEFITS OF USING NITROGEN STABILIZERS INCREASED CANOLA YIELD 1 8.1% WHEAT YIELD 1 5.8% CORN YIELD 1 7% NITROGEN RETENTION 21% DECREASED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 2 51% NITROGEN LEACHING 2 16 % NH Based on Dow AgroSciences Canada research trials. 2 Source: J.D. Wolt A meta-evaluation of nitrapyrin agronomic and environmental effectiveness with emphasis on corn production in the Midwestern U.S. Nutrient Cycling in AgroEcosystems. NH + 4 NH + 4 NH + 4 NH + 4

14 Understanding Nitrogen Stabilizers WHAT IS A NITROGEN STABILIZER? Nitrogen fertilizer is one of the largest input costs for growers today. A nitrogen stabilizer helps protect your investment by keeping the nitrogen you apply in a stable and usable form until your crop needs it most. WHY USE N-Serve AND entrench? Optimize opportunity for yield and profit Dow AgroSciences Canada research trials demonstrate an average yield increase of 8.1% in canola, 5.8% in wheat and 7% in corn. 1 Protect your investment Slows the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrates. Nitrates are negatively charged and are prone to loss through leaching and denitrification. This ensures that more of your applied nitrogen is in the root zone and available to your plants when they need it. Expand your application options Apply up to two weeks earlier in fall before typical anhydrous applications. Take advantage of reduced cost of fertilizer in the fall. Manage time and efficiency Fall application will save time for seeding operations in the spring. Reduce environmental impact Reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 51% on average. 2 Reduces leaching of nitrogen by 16% on average. 2 N-Serve AND entrench N-Serve and entrench are nitrogen stabilizers that protect your investment by storing nitrogen in the root zone longer to optimize the yield and profit potential of your corn, cereal and canola crops. N-Serve Designed for use with anhydrous ammonia. Rate: 2.35 L/ha (0.95 L/ac) entrench Designed for use with liquid fertilizers, including UAN and manure. Rate: 2.7 L/ha (1.1 L/ac) 1 Based on Dow AgroSciences Canada research trials. 2 Source: J.D. Wolt A meta-evaluation of nitrapyrin agronomic and environmental effectiveness with emphasis on corn production in the Midwestern U.S. Nutrient Cycling in AgroEcosystems. Vol. 69. Issue 1, pp

15 Understanding Nitrogen Stabilizers N-Serve AND entrench WHAT DO THEY DO? Nitrapyrin is the active ingredient in N-Serve and entrench. It slows the activity of the Nitrosomonas bacteria, which converts ammonium to nitrites, for up to 10 weeks in warm soils (>10 0 C). This reduces the risk of loss due to leaching and denitrification, allowing the nitrogen to be available during peak periods of need by the crop. Denitrification UREA AMMONIUM (+) Nitrosomonas bacteria NITRITE ( ) Nitrobacter bacteria NITRATE ( ) Leaching Availability of Ammonium Nitrogen Unstabilized Nitrogen Application Stabilized Nitrogen Application Nitrogen Demand September March April May June July August September Nitrapyrin is a nitrification inhibitor that keeps applied nitrogen in a stable form in the root zone longer. Proven effective in the U.S. for over 35 years, Nitrapyrin is now available in Canada. 13

16 Understanding Nitrogen Stabilizers WHAT HAPPENS TO APPLIED NITROGEN? After application, nitrogen sources in the ammonium form (NH 4 +) rapidly convert to the nitrate form (NO 3 -) via a process called nitrification. Temperature-sensitive soil bacteria called Nitrosomonas convert ammonium (NH 4 +) to the nitrite form (NO 2 -). Another bacteria, Nitrobacter, then converts nitrites (NO 2 -) to the nitrate form (NO 3 -). These soil microbes become more active when soil temperatures reach 10 0 C and higher, causing a faster rate of conversion. Soil has a negative charge and, as such, does not form strong bonds with negatively charged nitrates. Although nitrates are taken up by the plant, they are also prone to leaching from the root zone and denitrification. This means they may not be available for the plant when it needs it most. HOW DO CROPS USE NITROGEN? Crops use nitrogen in two forms: ammonium NH + 4 and nitrate NO 3 -. Leaching is the loss of nitrates from the soil below the root zone due to rain and irrigation. Since soil and organic matter also are negatively charged, the nitrates are repelled and can be easily washed away, especially in coarse, sandy soils. Denitrification refers to the loss of nitrogen when soil microbes convert nitrates to gaseous forms that can escape into the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas. Denitrification affects only nitrates, not ammonium. Nitrogen application NO N 2 O N 2 Denitrification NH 4 + NO 3 NO 3 NH 4 + NO 3 NO 3 NO NO 3 3 NH + 4 NH 4 + NH 4 + NH 4 + NO 3 NH 4 + NH 4 + NO 3 NH 4 + NO 3 NH 4 + NH 4 + NO 3 NO 3 NO 3 NH 4 + NO 3 NO 3 NH 4 + NH 4 + NO 3 NO 3 NH 4 + NO 3 + NH 4 NO 2 NO 3 Leaching NH 4 + NO 3 NH 4 + NO 3 NO 3 NH + 4 NO 3 NO 3 NH + 4 NO 3 NH + 4 NO 3 NH + 4 NH + 4 NO 3 NO 3 NO 3 NO 3 NO 3 NO 3 NO 3 NO 3 NO 3 NO 3 NO 3 NO 3 14

17 PRE-SEED HERBICIDES Leave nothing behind. Set your crops up for success spring or fall with pre-seed weed solutions containing SoilActive technology and multiple modes of action.

18 Cereal Pre-Seed GROUP 2 GROUP 4 Control all forms of resistant kochia plus get SoilActive technology to help control tough broadleaf weeds. WHY USE KORREX II? Kochia control. Superior pre-seed control of kochia, including glyphosateresistant biotypes. Flexible mixing options. Easy-mixing tank additive for any glyphosate. Broad-spectrum broadleaf weed control. Including dandelion, narrow-leaved hawk s-beard, wild buckwheat, flixweed, stinkweed, volunteer canola and more. Excellent solution for fall Canada thistle control. SoilActive technology for extended broadleaf weed control. Effective solution for herbicide resistance management. KORREX II + GLYPHOSATE Korrex II tank mixed with glyphosate such as VP480, at ½ REL/ac, provides effective pre seed control of the following weeds: Broadleaf weeds Annual sow thistle 2 Canada fleabane 3 Chickweed Cleavers Cow cockle Flixweed Hemp-nettle Kochia Lady s-thumb Lamb s-quarters Narrow-leaved hawk s-beard Ragweed Redroot pigweed Russian thistle Scentless chamomile 2 Shepherd s purse Smartweed Stinkweed Volunteer canola 1 Volunteer flax Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Annual grasses Downy brome Giant foxtail Green foxtail Persian darnel Volunteer barley Volunteer wheat Wild oats Perennial weeds Dandelion (seedling, overwintered rosettes, mature plants up to 30 cm diameter) Perennial sow thistle 4 Korrex II tank mixed with glyphosate at REL/ac also provides effective control of the following weeds: Annual sow thistle Canada thistle (rosette stage) Quackgrass 1 Including all herbicide-tolerant canola varieties 2 Suppression only 3 Less than 8 cm in height 4 Applications made at advanced stages will reduce effectiveness 16

19 KORREX II APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Barley Durum wheat Oats Spring wheat Winter wheat Rates and packaging 80 ac/case: spring rate 56 ac/case: fall rate When to apply Prior to seeding No later than 48 hours after seeding, prior to crop emergence Rainfast 30 minutes Tank mixes VP480 Compatible with all forms of glyphosate Mixing instructions 1. Fill sprayer tank ½ full of water 2. Start sprayer tank agitation 3. Add the required amount of Korrex A Herbicide, continue agitation 4. Add the required amount of Korrex B Herbicide, continue agitation 5. Add the required amount of glyphosate, continue agitation 6. Fill the sprayer tank with sufficient water to spray L of spray mixture per hectare Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation The year following a spring Korrex II application, fields can be seeded to: Barley Canola Chickpeas Corn Field beans Flax Lentils Mustard Peas Potatoes Soybeans Summerfallow Sunflower Wheat Application timing and seeding Korrex II applied prior to August 1 can be seeded to winter wheat that fall or spring wheat, durum, barley, oats, canola and peas the following spring. Korrex II applied after August 1 can be seeded to winter wheat that fall or spring wheat, durum, barley and oats the following spring. Grazing and harvest Do not graze treated areas within seven days of application. Do not harvest treated crop within 60 days after application. 17

20 Cereal Pre-Seed GROUP 2 GROUP 4 Just GO performance with resistance management built in. WHY USE PARADIGM FOR PRE-SEED? Performance. Controls your toughest weeds, including Group 2 resistant cleavers and hemp-nettle. Just GO. Controls large and small weeds in cool spring or fall conditions. Flexibility. Tank mix with VP480 or any glyphosate of choice for your pre-seed burndown. Convenient packaging. Paradigm s innovative GoDRI formulation makes it easy to mix and handle. SoilActive technology. Provides trusted control of flushing weeds. Weeds controlled at spring rate Paradigm pre-seed tank mixed with glyphosate at 0.5 L/ac provides effective pre seed control of the following weeds: Annual broadleaf weeds Canada fleabane 2 Cleavers (up to 9 whorls) Common chickweed (up to 8 leaves) Common ragweed 2 Flixweed Hemp-nettle Lady s-thumb (up to 8 leaves) Lamb s-quarters (up to 8 leaves) Russian thistle Shepherd s purse Stinkweed Volunteer canola 1 Volunteer flax (up to 15 cm) Wild buckwheat (1-2 leaves) Wild mustard Annual grasses Downy brome Giant foxtail Green foxtail Persian darnel Volunteer barley Volunteer wheat Wild oats Perennial weeds Dandelion (spring rosettes up to 15 cm in diameter) Weeds suppressed Kochia 1 1 Including all herbicide tolerant canola varieties 2 Less than 8 cm in height and including Group 2 tolerant biotypes 18

21 PARADIGM APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Rates and packaging 4 x 0.8 kg jugs Spring: 106 ac/jug Fall: 80 ac/jug Water volume Ground L/ac (5-10 gal/ac) When to apply Spring Prior to seeding No later than 48 hrs after seeding Fall From after harvest to freeze up Rainfast 1 hour Tank mix VP480 Compatible with all forms of glyphosate Mixing instructions 1. Fill sprayer tank ½ full of water 2. Start sprayer tank agitation 3. Add the required amount of Paradigm, continue agitation 4. Add the required amount of glyphosate product and continue agitation 5. Fill the sprayer tank with sufficient water to spray L of spray mixture per hectare Application timing and seeding Paradigm for pre-seed applied prior to August 1 can be seeded to all major crops excepts lentils the following spring. Paradigm for pre-seed applied after August 1 can be seeded to winter wheat that fall or spring wheat, durum, barley and oats the following spring. Grazing and harvest 7 days Prior to cereal crops (spring or fall appliction): Barley Durum wheat Spring wheat Winter wheat 19

22 Cereal Pre-Seed GROUP 2 Transform your glyphosate. WHY USE PREPASS FLEX? Flexibility to mix with any glyphosate formulation, at the rate of glyphosate you choose. Advanced dry formulation that disperses quickly and completely for easy mixing. Convenient packaging 640-acre case. No heated storage required. SoilActive technology for extended control of broadleaf weeds. Time management. Get the work done earlier spring or fall. PREPASS FLEX + GLYPHOSATE PrePass FLEX tank mixed with glyphosate at 0.5 L/ac provides effective pre seed control of the following weeds: Broadleaf weeds Annual sow thistle 1 Canada fleabane Canola (all varieties) Chickweed Cleavers Cow cockle Flixweed Hemp-nettle Kochia Lady s-thumb Lamb s-quarters Narrow-leaved hawk s-beard Ragweed Redroot pigweed Russian thistle Scentless chamomile Shepherd s purse Smartweed Stinkweed Volunteer flax Wild buckwheat Wild mustard 1 Requires elevated rate of glyphosate; refer to glyphosate label 2 Seedling, overwintered rosettes, mature plants up to 30 cm in diameter Grass weeds Downy brome Foxtail barley 1 Giant foxtail Green foxtail Persian darnel Volunteer barley Volunteer wheat Wild oats Perennial weeds Canada thistle 1 Dandelion 2 Perennial sow thistle 1 Quackgrass 1 20

23 PREPASS FLEX APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Prior to cereal crops (spring or fall application): Barley Durum wheat Oats Spring wheat Winter wheat Packaging and rate 640 ac/case (80 ac/jug) Water volume Ground L/ac (5-10 US gal/ac) When to apply Spring Prior to seeding No later than 48 hours after seeding Chemfallow When weeds are actively growing, in 1- to 4-leaf stage Fall From after harvest to freeze up Rainfast 30 minutes Vantage Plus MAX II and Roundup WeatherMAX are rainfast in 30 minutes. Consult other glyphosate rainfast labelling. Tank mixes VP480 Compatible with all forms of glyphosate Mixing instructions 1. Fill sprayer tank ½ full of water 2. Start sprayer tank agitation 3. Add the required amount of PrePass FLEX herbicide, continue agitation 4. Add the required amount of glyphosate, continue agitation 5. Fill the sprayer tank with sufficient water to spray L/ac (5-10 US gal/ac) Application timing and seeding PrePass FLEX applied prior to August 1 can be seeded to winter wheat that fall or spring wheat, durum, barley, oats, canola and peas the following spring. PrePass FLEX applied after August 1 can be seeded to winter wheat that fall or spring wheat, durum, barley and oats the following spring. 21

24 Cereal Pre-Seed GROUP 2 GROUP 9 Nothing hits harder. Or lasts longer. WHY USE PREPASS XC? Confidence in performance in all conditions. SoilActive technology. Extends control of key broadleaf weeds. Time management. Get the work done earlier spring or fall. Serviced and supported through one company. Resistance management. Multi-Mode of Action for overlapping activity on hard-to-control weeds. Convenience. Glyphosate included for ease of use and compatibility. Weeds controlled Annual blue grass 3 Annual sow thistle 3 Canada fleabane Canada thistle 3 Canola (all varieties) Chickweed Cleavers Cow cockle Crabgrass 3 Dandelion 1 Downy brome Flixweed Foxtail barley 3 Giant foxtail Green foxtail Hemp-nettle Kochia Lady s-thumb Lamb s-quarters Narrow-leaved hawk s-beard Narrow-leaved vetch 3 Persian darnel Prickly lettuce 3 Quackgrass 3 Ragweed Redroot pigweed Russian thistle Scentless chamomile Shepherd s purse Smartweed Stinkweed Toadflax 3 Volunteer barley Volunteer flax Volunteer wheat Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Wild oats Weeds suppressed Annual sow thistle Perennial sow thistle Spring and fall SoilActive extended control Canada fleabane Canola (except Clearfield ) Chickweed 2 Cleavers 2 Common ragweed Dandelion seedling Flixweed Hemp-nettle 2 Lady s-thumb Lamb s-quarters Narrow-leaved hawk s-beard Redroot pigweed Scentless chamomile Shepherd s purse Smartweed Stinkweed Wild buckwheat Wild mustard 1 Seedling, over-wintered rosettes, mature plants up to 30 cm in diameter 2 PrePass XC will not provide extended control of Group 2 resistant biotypes 3 With the addition of glyphosate; refer to the label for rates 22

25 PREPASS XC APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops After fall or spring application, fields can be seeded to: Barley Durum wheat Oats Spring wheat Winter wheat Fields may be seeded to any crop the spring following a chemfallow application (prior to August 1). Rate 40 ac/case 1,200 ac/pallet or tote package Water volume Ground L/ac (5-10 US gal/ac) Aerial not registered When to apply Spring Prior to seeding No later than 48 hours after seeding Chemfallow When weeds are actively growing, in 1- to 4-leaf stage Fall From after harvest to freeze up Total pallet treats 1,200 acres. This product can be purchased in ¼ pallet units that treat 300 acres. Rainfast 30 minutes Tank mixes VP480 Compatible with all forms of glyphosate Tote package treats 1,200 acres Mixing instructions 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. Add the required amount of PrePass XC A 4. Add the required amount of PrePass XC B 5. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Application timing and seeding PrePass XC applied to fields prior to August 1 can be seeded to wheat, barley, oats, canola, field peas and summerfallow the following spring. PrePass XC applied to fields after August 1 but prior to freeze-up can be seeded in the fall to winter wheat and to wheat, barley, oats or summerfallow the following spring. 23

26 NOTES 24

27 IN-CROP HERBICIDES Clean fields mean higher yields and more money in your pocket. Let us help you get there with our selection of industry-leading herbicide solutions that are tough on weeds.

28 In-Crop Canola and Pulses GROUP 1 Go on. Kick some grass! WHY USE ASSURE II? Delivers 99% control* of foxtail barley. Controls both Japanese brome and downy brome. Controls volunteer wheat, volunteer barley, wild oats, green foxtail and a number of other grassy weeds. For high performing grass control, add Assure II to Liberty in LibertyLink canola or to glyphosate in Roundup Ready canola and in Roundup Ready soybeans. Excellent crop safety and wide window of application. *Research conducted by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada at Lethbridge for in-crop control for oilseeds and pulses. (Source: Direct Seeding fact sheet, Lethbridge Research Center; Revised October 2007, Agdex ). 0.2 L/ac rate Weeds controlled Barnyard grass Downy brome Fall panicum Foxtail barley Green foxtail Japanese brome Old witchgrass Proso millet Volunteer barley Volunteer corn Volunteer oats Volunteer wheat Wild oats 1 Yellow foxtail Weeds suppressed Quackgrass 0.3 L/ac rate All weeds listed above + Quackgrass* 1 1-leaf to 5-leaf up to 2 tillers 2 2-leaf to 6-leaf 26

29 ASSURE II APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Canola Chickpeas Flax Lentils Mustard Peas (field and processing) Soybeans Other (refer to product label) Rate 200 ml/ac to 300 ml/ac Packaging: One (1) case contains 8 L of Assure II + 8 L jug Sure-Mix. Assure II is also available in 500 L mega totes or 96 L drums Surfactant: Add Sure-Mix (included in the box) at 5 L per 1,000 L of spray solution (0.5% v/v). Use Merge at 5 L to 10 L per 1,000 L of spray solution (0.5% v/v to 1% v/v) if Sure-Mix is not available Water volume Ground 40 L/ac (9 US gal/ac) When to apply Assure II can be safely applied at any crop stage. Apply Assure II when grasses are between 2-leaf and early tillering stage. Follow the pre-harvest interval guidelines. Rainfast 1 hour Tank mixes Ally : Creeping red fescue ExpressSun 2 : sunflowers Muster 2 : Canola and mustard (condiment and oilseed oriental) Refine SG: Creeping red fescue Ares Basagran 3 : Dry beans 2, soybeans Eclipse 1 Minimum 250 ml/ac Assure II, add UAN 28% as per Viper ADV label 2 Registered tank mixes 3 Minimum 250 ml/ac Assure II * Do not use Sure-Mix. Glyphosate: Roundup Ready canola Roundup Ready soybeans Liberty 2 for use in LibertyLink canola Lontrel Odyssey NXT* Pursuit Solo ADV* Viper ADV 1 * field pea & soybean only Mixing instructions 1. Make sure that spray tank is thoroughly cleaned before mixing 2. Fill tank half full with water. Keep agitator running 3. If tank mixing Assure II herbicide with another herbicide, use the following sequence: a) Muster herbicide or Odyssey NXT herbicide, Ally herbicide and Refine SG herbicide b) Ares herbicide or Basagran* herbicide, Eclipse herbicide, glyphosate, Liberty 150 SN herbicide, Lontrel herbicide, Pursuit herbicide, Solo ADV herbicide and Viper ADV herbicide c) Assure II Herbicide d) Slowly add Merge*, Sure-Mix, LI 700 or Liberate Adjuvant. Ensure that the herbicide is completely mixed before proceeding to the next step. 4. Add the rest of the required water to the tank. Mix well before applying to the crop. Crop rotation No re-cropping restrictions. Grazing and harvest Prior to harvest, do not apply to: Canola within 64 days, chickpeas within 85 days, flax within 82 days, lentils or peas (field and processing) within 65 days, soybeans within 80 days. Do not graze the treated crops or cut for hay. 27

30 In-Crop Cereal Broadleaf GROUP 4 Extra-concentrated excellence on 40 of today s toughest broadleaf weeds in all soil zones in Western Canada. WHY USE ATTAIN XC? Weed control. Gets tough weeds like kochia, stork s-bill, round-leaved mallow and more. Choice. Choose the rate option that suits your weed conditions 40 or 53 ac/case. 40 ac/case rate Weeds controlled Blue lettuce 1 Bluebur Burdock Canola (all varieties) Cleavers 3 Cocklebur Dandelion 2 Docks Dog mustard Field bindweed 1 Field horsetail 1 Field peppergrass Flixweed Goat s-beard Gumweed Hairy galinsoga Hedge bindweed Hoary cress 1 Kochia 3 Lady s-thumb Lamb s-quarters Leafy spurge 1 Oak-leaved goosefoot Plantain Prickly lettuce Ragweed Redroot pigweed Round-leaved mallow Russian thistle Shepherd s purse Smartweed Stinkweed Stork s-bill Sweet clover Tansy mustard Tartary buckwheat Vetch Volunteer flax Volunteer sunflower Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Wild radish Weeds suppressed Annual sow thistle Canada thistle 1 Chickweed 3 Hemp-nettle Perennial sow thistle 1 53 ac/case rate Weeds controlled Annual sunflower Bluebur Burdock Canola (all varieties) Cleavers 3 Cocklebur Field horsetail 1 Flixweed Goat s-beard Hoary cress 1 Lamb s-quarters Kochia 3 Plantain Prickly lettuce Ragweed Shepherd s purse Stinkweed Sweet clover Vetch Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Wild radish 1 Top growth control only 2 Spring rosettes 3 Including Group 2 resistant biotypes 28

31 ATTAIN XC APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Barley Durum wheat Rate 40 ac/case For heavy weed populations, larger weeds or poor growing conditions 53 ac/case Alternate rate option for excellent kochia control Water volume Ground L/ac (5-10 US gal/ac) Aerial L/ac (3-5 US gal/ac) When to apply Crop stage: 4-leaf to flag leaf Weed stage: 1- to 6-leaf or as indicated on the product label Rainfast 1 hour Forage grasses Spring wheat Winter wheat Tank mixes Simplicity GoDRI Liquid Achieve Assert Everest Horizon Puma Mixing instructions 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. Add any required water conditioners 4. Add any tank-mix partners that are a dry formulation 5. Add the required amount of grassy weed tank-mix partner 6. Add the required amount of Attain XC A 7. Add the required amount of Attain XC B 8. Add any required adjuvant or surfactants 9. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation All major crops the following spring. Grazing and harvest Allow 7 days after application before grazing lactating animals. Livestock may graze treated areas 3 days after application. Withdraw meat animals from treated areas at least 3 days before slaughter. Allow 30 days after application before cutting hay or harvesting forage. Mature crops may be harvested 60 days after application. 29

32 In-Crop Cereal Broadleaf GROUP 2 GROUP 4 Your worst annual and perennial broadleaf weeds don t stand a chance. WHY USE CIRPREME XC? Just GO. Count on fail-safe broadleaf weed control in your cereals. Big or small weeds, large or small crops. Performance. Exceptional annual and perennial broadleaf weed control including Canada thistle and dandelion. Flexibility. Use alone, with MCPA, or 2,4-D. Tank mix with Simplicity GoDRI for grass weed control. NEW XC formulation. A convenient, higher concentrated solution. Cirpreme XC oz/ac MCPA Ester Weeds controlled Annual sow thistle Annual sunflower Ball mustard 1 Burdock Canada fleabane Chickweed 3 Cleavers (1-9 whorl stage) 1 Cocklebur Common ragweed Cow cockle Dandelion Field horsetail (top growth) Flixweed Hemp-nettle 1 Lady s thumb Lamb s-quarters 1 Narrow-leaved hawk s beard Plantain (top growth) Prickly lettuce Redroot pigweed 1 Round-leaved mallow Russian pigweed Shepherd s purse Smartweed Stinkweed 1 Stork s-bill Velvetleaf Vetch Volunteer canola (all types) Volunteer flax Volunteer sunflower Wild buckwheat Wild mustard 1 Wild radish Perennial broadleaf weeds Volunteer alfalfa Canada thistle Perennial sow thistle Weeds suppressed Kochia 2 Night-flowering catchfly Perennial sow thistle Scentless chamomile White cockle Consult the label for specific weed staging 1 Including Group 2 resistant biotypes 2 Including Group 2 and 9 resistant biotypes 30

33 CIRPREME APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Durum wheat Spring wheat Winter wheat Barley Rate 80 ac/case When to apply Crop stage: 3-leaf to flag leaf emergence Rainfast Research is being conducted Tank mixes MCPA 2,4-D Simplicity GoDRI Axial Everest Mixing instructions 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. Add any required water conditioners 4. Add the required amount of Paradigm 5. Add the required amount of grassy weed tank-mix partner 6. Add the required amount of Lontrel Add any required adjuvant or surfactants 8. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation The year following application, fields can be seeded to: Barley Canola Flax Forage grasses Oats Mustard Peas* Rye (not underseeded with legumes, clover or alfalfa) Summerfallow Wheat Grazing and harvest Livestock may be grazed on treated crops 7 days following application. * For pea rotation, rainfall from June 1 to August 31 in the year of application must be greater than 140 mm (5.5 inches) and annual rainfall must be greater than 175 mm (6.9 inches). 31

34 In-Crop Canola GROUP 4 GROUP 9 Broad-spectrum weed control in Roundup Ready canola for superior control of wild buckwheat and Canada thistle. WHY USE ECLIPSE XC? Convenient one-pass glyphosate solution that offers superior control of wild buckwheat and Canada thistle. Two unique modes of action for resistance management. Protects the crop without negatively impacting yield or maturity, unlike elevated rates of glyphosate. Save money. Available in a pre-pack for cost savings. NEW XC formulation. A convenient, higher concentrated solution. Weeds controlled Canada thistle 1 Canola (except Roundup Ready) Chickweed Cleavers Corn spurry Cow cockle Dandelion 1 (<15 cm diameter) Green foxtail Hemp-nettle Kochia Lady s-thumb Lamb s-quarters Night-flowering catchfly Perennial sow thistle 1 Quackgrass 1 Redroot pigweed Russian thistle Shepherd s purse 1 Season-long control Smartweed Stinkweed Volunteer cereals Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Wild oats Wild tomato Weeds suppressed Dandelion (>15 cm diameter) Wild buckwheat control Control even up to the 6-leaf stage. Glyphosate alone does not provide consistent control of wild buckwheat past the 2- to 3-leaf stage. Canada thistle control Season-long control with the combination of Group 4 and 9 active ingredients. Experience the same control on perennial sow thistle. 32

35 ECLIPSE XC APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Roundup Ready canola Rate 40 ac/case 240 ac/drum and case 960 ac/bulk pallet (Only available in Eclipse III formulation for 2018) Water volume Ground 40 L/ac (10 US gal/ac) Aerial not registered When to apply Crop stage: 2- to 6-leaf Rainfast 4 hours Tank mixes None registered Mixing instructions 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. Add the required amount of Eclipse XC A 4. Add the required amount of Eclipse XC B 5. Add any required adjuvant or surfactants 6. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation The year following application, fields can be seeded to: Barley Canola Flax Forage grasses Mustard Oats Peas* Rye (not under-seeded with legumes, clover or alfalfa) Summerfallow Wheat Grazing and harvest Allow 3 to 5 days after application before grazing treated areas. * For pea rotation, rainfall from June 1 to August 31 in the year of application must be greater than 140 mm (5.5 inches) and annual rainfall must be greater than 175 mm (6.9 inches). 33

36 In-Crop Cereal Broadleaf GROUP 2 GROUP 4 Superior performance on winter annual broadleaf weeds. WHY USE FRONTLINE 2,4-D XC? Performance. Superior control of winter annual broadleaf weeds. Flexibility. Wide-spectrum control of annual broadleaf weeds, including kochia and Russian thistle. Cost effective. Economical tank mix with Simplicity GoDRI. Weeds controlled Annual sow thistle Ball mustard Bluebur Burdock Canola (all varieties) Chickweed Cleavers Cocklebur Dandelion 3 Flixweed Kochia 1 Lady s-thumb Lamb s-quarters Narrow-leaved hawk s-beard 2 Plantain Prickly lettuce Ragweed Redroot pigweed Russian thistle Shepherd s purse Smartweed Stinkweed Tartary buckwheat Vetch Volunteer sunflower Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Wild radish Weeds suppressed Canada thistle 4 Hemp-nettle Perennial sow thistle 4 1 Up to 5 cm in height 2 1- to 2-leaf stage 3 Seedlings and overwintered rosettes 4 Top growth control 34

37 FRONTLINE 2,4-D XC APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Durum wheat Spring wheat Winter wheat Rate 40 ac/case 60 ac/case When mixed with Simplicity GoDRI Water volume Ground 40 L/ac (10 US gal/ac) Aerial not registered When to apply Crop stage: 3-leaf expanded up to 6-leaf Weed stage: 1- to 4-leaf Rainfast 2 hours Tank mixes Simplicity GoDRI Assert Everest Puma * Use Frontline 2,4-D XC at 60 ac/case rate when mixing with Simplicity GoDRI Mixing instructions When mixing you will use step 5 or step 8 but not both 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. If water conditioner is required, add now 4. Add any tank-mix partners that are a dry formulation 5. If using an oil dispersible grassy weed tank-mix partner (such as Simplicity GoDRI) add now 6. Add the required amount of Frontline 2,4-D A 7. Add the required amount of Frontline 2,4-D B 8. Add the required amount of grassy weed tank-mix partner if not using an oil dispersible formulation 9. Add any required adjuvant or surfactants 10. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation Seed to all major crops the year following application. Grazing and harvest Allow 7 days after application before grazing lactating animals. Withdraw meat animals from treated areas at least 3 days before slaughter. Allow 30 days after application before cutting hay or harvesting forage. Mature crops may be harvested 60 days after application. 35

38 In-Crop Cereal Broadleaf GROUP 2 GROUP 4 The trusted standard in flexible, reliable broadleaf weed control for cereal growers in the black soil zone. WHY USE FRONTLINE XL? Trusted. The benchmark for wide-spectrum weed control on over 40 million acres. Beats the competition. Consistently better broadleaf weed control than Refine, Buctril M or Target. And there s no need for additional broadleaf tank mixes. Two active ingredients. Combination of Group 2 and Group 4 for reliable control of cleavers and chickweed. Ready for an upgrade? See Paradigm Weeds controlled Annual sunflower 1 Ball mustard Burdock 1 Canola (all varieties) Cleavers Chickweed Cow cockle Flixweed Hemp-nettle 2 Prickly lettuce 1 Ragweed Redroot pigweed 2 Russian pigweed 1 Shepherd s purse Smartweed Stinkweed Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Weeds suppressed Annual sow thistle Canada thistle 2 Dandelion 2, 3 Narrow-leaved hawk s-beard Perennial sow thistle Plantain (top growth) Stork s-bill Total pallet treats 1,200 acres. This product can be purchased as individual drums that treat 240 acres each. 1 Up to the 4-leaf stage 2 For heavy infestations add 47 ml/ac MCPA Ester LV Seedling and overwintered rosettes <15 cm 36

39 FRONTLINE XL APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Barley Durum wheat Oats Spring wheat Winter wheat Rate 40 ac/case (20 ac/jug) 1,200 ac/pallet (240 ac/drum) Water volume Ground 40 L/ac (10 US gal/ac) Aerial not registered When to apply Crop stage: 2-leaf expanded up to 6-leaf Weed stage: 1- to 4-leaf Rainfast 2 hours Tank mixes Simplicity GoDRI Axial Assert Everest Horizon Puma Mixing instructions When mixing you will use step 5 or step 7 but not both 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. If water conditioner is required, add now 4. Add any tank-mix partners that are a dry formulation 5. If using an oil dispersible grassy weed tank-mix partner (such as Simplicity GoDRI) add now 6. Add the required amount of Frontline XL 7. Add the required amount of grassy weed tank-mix partner if not using an oil dispersible formulation 8. Add any required adjuvant or surfactants 9. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation Seed to all major crops the year following application. Grazing and harvest Allow 7 days after application before grazing lactating animals. Withdraw meat animals from treated areas at least 3 days before slaughter. Allow 7 days after application before cutting hay or harvesting forage. Mature crops may be harvested 60 days after application. 37

40 In-Crop Cereal Grass GROUP 1 Better value control of grassy weeds in barley and wheat. WHY USE LIQUID ACHIEVE SC? Effective control of wild oats, Persian darnel, barnyard grass and green/yellow foxtail in wheat and barley. Wide window of application. Trusted crop safety. Weeds controlled Wild oats Green foxtail Persian darnel Volunteer oats Barnyard grass Yellow foxtail Intake adjuvant required at rate of 0.66% v/v: New Intake adjuvant technology now available for use with Liquid Achieve. 4,542 Litre Tank (1,200 US Gallon Tank) 3,785 Litre Tank (1,000 US Gallon Tank) 3,028 Litre Tank (800 US Gallon Tank) 0.66% v/v 30 L of Intake required ( x 4,542 L) 3 jugs 25 L of Intake required ( x 3,785 L) 2.5 jugs 20 L of Intake required ( x 3,028 L) 2 jugs Liquid Achieve and Intake rate charts: 4,542 Litre Tank (1,200 US Gallon Tank) 5 gal/ac. Water volume 10 gal/ac. Water volume 3,785 Litre Tank (1,000 US Gallon Tank) 5 gal/ac. Water volume 10 gal/ac. Water volume 3,028 Litre Tank (800 US Gallon Tank) 5 gal/ac. Water volume 10 gal/ac. Water volume Liquid Achieve Rate 200 ml/ac. 8 L jug or 96 L drum 40 ac./jug 480 ac./drum Intake Rate 0.66% v/v 10 L jug 240 acres 6 jugs 0.50 drum 3 jugs 120 acres 3 jugs 0.25 drum 3 jugs 200 acres 5 jugs 0.42 drum 2.5 jugs 100 acres 2.5 jugs 0.21 drum 2.5 jugs 160 acres 4 jugs 0.33 drum 2 jugs 80 acres 2 jugs 0.17 drum 2 jugs 38

41 LIQUID ACHIEVE SC APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Barley Durum wheat Fall rye Spring rye Spring wheat Triticale Winter wheat Cereal crops underseeded to legume forages: Alfalfa Bird s foot trefoil Clover Sainfoin Rate 80 ac/case (40 ac/jug) 2,400 ac/pallet (480 ac/drum) Water volume Ground L/ac (5-10 US gal/ac) Aerial L/ac (3-5 US gal/ac) Intake adjuvant must be added at a rate of 0.66% v/v. Please refer to the Intake rate chart on the previous page. Intake adjuvant sold separately. When to apply Crop stage: 2-leaf to flag leaf Weed stage: Wild oats 1- to 6-leaf; other grasses 1- to 4-leaf. See product label. Use special mixing instructions below when using OcTTain XL and Liquid Achieve. Rainfast 1 hour Tank mixes Pixxaro OcTTain XL Prestige XC/XL Attain XC Lontrel 2,4-D Ester Curtail M Mextrol Trophy Buctril M MCPA Ester Pardner Thumper Mixing instructions 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. If tank mixing with OcTTain XL, follow these instructions: a) Water with < 400 PPM bicarbonates: Add Ammonia Water Conditioner (Finish or Flush) at 0.25% v/v, Unite or E-Z Mix at 1% v/v b) > 400 PPM bicarbonates Addition of AMS at label recommended rates 4. Add any tank-mix partners that are a dry formulation 5. Add the required amount of Liquid Achieve 6. Add the required amount of broadleaf tank-mix partner 7. Add required amount of Intake adjuvant 8. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Hard water: Always add ammonium sulfate first at kg/100 L of water or 1.0% v/v when water analysis indicates bicarbonate ion levels are 400 ppm or greater. Crop rotation Seed to all major crops the year following application. Grazing and harvest Allow 16 days after application before cutting hay or harvesting forage. Mature crops may be harvested 60 days after application. 39

42 In-Crop Canola and Cereal Broadleaf GROUP 4 The most effective in-season thistle control available right down to the roots. WHY USE LONTREL XC? Thistle control. Group 4 Lontrel translocates throughout plants for complete control of Canada and sow thistle. Second year benefit. A 73% thistle stand reduction the year after application. Flexibility. Choose the rate option that matches the size of your thistle problem and budget. NEW XC formulation. A convenient, higher concentrated solution. Weeds controlled 1 Alsike clover Canada thistle Common groundsel Perennial sow thistle (top growth) Ragweed Red clover Scentless chamomile Tufted vetch Vetch Volunteer alfalfa White clover Wild buckwheat Weeds suppressed Ox-eyed daisy Sheep sorrel 1 The performance of Lontrel XC is rate dependent; control is achieved at the rate of 227 ml/ac (0.56 L/ha) or higher 40

43 LONTREL XC APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Cereals Grasses Oilseeds Along fence lines Non-crop land Other (refer to product label) Rate 4 X 2.67 L case acres per jug Under cool or dry conditions, control may be seriously reduced Water volume Ground L/ac (10-21 US gal/ac) Aerial not registered When to apply Canola stage: 2- to 6-leaf Cereal stage: 3-leaf to flag leaf Weed stage: Canada thistle rosette to pre-bud Rainfast 4 hours Tank mixes Can be tank mixed with most commonly used grass weed herbicides, including: VP480 Odyssey Select MCPA Amine or Ester Poast Ultra Compatible with all forms of glyphosate Mixing instructions 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. Add any required water conditioners 4. Add any tank-mix partners that are a dry formulation 5. Add the required amount of grassy weed tank-mix partner 6. Add the required amount of Lontrel XC 7. Add any required adjuvant or surfactants 8. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation The year following application, fields can be seeded to barley, canola, flax, forage grasses, mustard, oats, rye, wheat or can be summerfallowed. Grazing and harvest Areas treated with Lontrel XC may be grazed immediately following treatment. 41

44 In-Crop Cereal Broadleaf GROUP 4 Everybody s upgrading to a new level of broadleaf weed control that s easy to use. WHY USE OCTTAIN XL? Performance and value. The standard for kochia (including Group 2 and 9 resistant), plus wild buckwheat and 25 tough broadleaf weeds. Ease of use. Available in 40-acre cases, 240-acre drums and 1,280 acre totes. Safe and flexible. Excellent crop safety in barley, wheat and durum. Tank mix with Simplicity GoDRI (wheat), Liquid Achieve (barley) and other grass control products. Weeds controlled Annual sunflower Blue lettuce 1,4 Bluebur Burdock Canola (all varieties) Cleavers 3 Cocklebur Dandelion 2,4 Docks 4 Dog mustard 4 Field bindweed 1,4 Field horsetail 1 Field peppergrass 4 Flixweed Goat s-beard Gumweed 4 Hairy galinsoga 4 Hedge bindweed 4 Hemp-nettle Hoary cress 1 Kochia 3 Lady s-thumb 4 Lamb s-quarters Leafy spurge 1,4 Mustards (except green & grey tansy) Oak-leaved goosefoot 4 Plantain Prickly lettuce Ragweed Redroot pigweed 4 Round-leaved mallow Russian thistle 4 Shepherd s purse Smartweed 4 Stinkweed Stork s-bill Sweet clover Tansy mustard 4 Tartary buckwheat 4 Vetch Volunteer flax Wild buckwheat Wild radish Weeds suppressed Annual sow thistle 4 Canada thistle 1,4 Chickweed 3 Perennial sow thistle 1 Redroot pigweed 1 Top growth control only 2 Spring rosettes 3 Including Group 2 resistant biotypes 4 Requires the addition of 140 g/ha (2 oz/ac) of 2,4-D Ester Total pallet treats 1,200 acres. This product can be purchased as individual drums that treat 240 acres each. Tote package treats 1,280 acres. 42

45 OCTTAIN XL APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Barley Durum wheat Spring wheat Winter wheat Rate 40 ac/case (20 ac/jug) 1,200 ac/pallet (240 ac/drum) 1,280 ac/tote Water volume Ground L/ac (5-10 US gal/ac) Aerial L/ac (3-5 US gal/ac) When to apply Crop stage: 4- to flag leaf Weed stage: 1- to 6-leaf Rainfast 1 hour Tank mixes Liquid Achieve Simplicity GoDRI Traxos Everest Horizon Assert Puma Super Mixing instructions 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. Add any required water conditioners 4. Add any tank-mix partners that are a dry formulation 5. Add the required amount of grassy weed tank-mix partner 6. Add the required amount of OcTTain XL 7. Add any required adjuvant or surfactants 8. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation All major crops the following spring. Grazing and harvest Allow 7 days after application before grazing lactating animals. Withdraw meat animals from treated areas at least 3 days before slaughter. Allow 30 days after application before cutting hay or harvesting forage. Mature crops may be harvested 60 days after application. 43

46 In-Crop Cereal Broadleaf GROUP 2 GROUP 4 More good spray days. Combined with value and ease of use. Just GO. WHY USE PARADIGM? Just GO. 95% or greater control of most labelled weeds. Whether they are large or small, in large or small crops, even in cool conditions. GoDRI Formulation. Easy to mix and handle. Finally, a dry that mixes like a liquid. Performance and value. Paradigm controls all your common broadleaf weeds. It s an easy upgrade from solutions such as Frontline XL and Buctril M. Simplicity GoDRI. Tank-mix with Paradigm for excellent wild oat control and other broadleaf weed control. Weeds controlled * Annual sow thistle Canada fleabane Chickweed 1 Cleavers 1,2 Common ragweed Cow cockle Dandelion Flixweed Lamb s-quarters 1 Narrow-leaved hawk s-beard Redroot pigweed Round-leaved mallow Shepherd s purse Smartweed Stinkweed 1 Stork s-bill Velvetleaf Volunteer alfalfa Volunteer canola Volunteer Clearfield canola 3 Volunteer flax Wild buckwheat Wild mustard 1 Weeds suppressed Canada thistle Hemp-nettle Kochia Night-flowering catchfly Perennial sow thistle Scentless chamomile White cockle *All weeds controlled to the 8-leaf stage or larger 1 Including Group 2 resistant biotypes 2 Up to 9-whorl 3 Volunteer Clearfield canola requires additional MCPA 44

47 PARADIGM APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Barley Durum wheat Spring wheat Winter wheat Rate Paradigm at 10 g/ac plus a non-ionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v. Surfactant must be purchased separately. Paradigm comes in a 4 x 0.8 kg case. One case treats 320 acres. One jug treats 80 acres. Paradigm at 10 g/ac plus MCPA Ester (600g ai/l) at 232 ml/ac. A surfactant is not required with this mixture. Water volume Ground L/ac (5-10 US gal/ac) Aerial not registered When to apply Crop stage: 2-leaf to flag leaf Weed stage: 1- to 8-leaf (or larger; see label) Rainfast 1 hour Tank mixes Paradigm + Simplicity GoDRI + MCPA (or a non-ionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v) Paradigm + Axial + MCPA Paradigm + Everest + MCPA Mixing instructions 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. Add any required water conditioners 4. Add Paradigm 5. Add the required amount of grassy weed tank-mix partner 6. Add any required adjuvant or surfactants 7. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation All major crops except lentils. Grazing Livestock may be grazed on treated crops 7 days following application. Pre-harvest interval Do not harvest the treated crop within 60 days after application. 45

48 In-Crop Cereal Broadleaf GROUP 4 Spray when you want with confidence. Just GO. WHY USE PIXXARO? Just GO. 95% or greater control of most labelled weeds. Whether they are large or small, in large or small crops, even in cool conditions. Elite performance. Control your toughest broadleaf weeds, including kochia (Group 2 and 9 resistant), with confidence. Convenience. Flexible packaging including NEW bulk pallet-packs. Tank mixing. Excellent tank-mix partner with Simplicity GoDRI, Liquid Achieve and ALL other grass control products. Weeds controlled * Annual sow thistle Annual sunflower Ball mustard Burdock Canada fleabane Chickweed 1 Cleavers 1,2 Cocklebur Common ragweed Cutleaf nightshade 3 Eastern black nightshade 3 Flixweed Hemp-nettle 1 Hairy nightshade 3 Kochia 1 Lamb s-quarters Plantain Prickly lettuce Ragweed (common, false and giant) Redroot pigweed Round-leaved mallow Shepherd s purse Stinkweed Stork s-bill Velvetleaf Vetch Volunteer alfalfa Volunteer canola (all varieties) Volunteer flax Wild buckwheat Wild mustard 1 Wild radish Weeds suppressed Canada thistle Dandelion Field horsetail Perennial sow thistle Smartweed *All weeds controlled to the 8-leaf stage or larger 1 Including Group 2 and Group 9 resistant biotypes 2 Up to 9-whorl 3 Tank mixed with MCPA Ester 5 oz/ac. 4Suppression 46

49 PIXXARO APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Barley Durum wheat Spring wheat Winter wheat Rate One case treats 40 acres One pallet treats 1,280 acres When to apply Crop stage: 3-leaf to flag leaf Weed stage: 1- to 8-leaf (or larger; see label) BULK packaging Rainfast 1 hour rainfast guarantee Tank mixes Any grass herbicide Pixxaro pallet will treat 1,280 acres that can be sold in 320 acre increments (1 x 75.1 L drum + 2 (2 x 9.8 L) case) Mixing instructions When mixing you will use step 5 or step 8 but not both. 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. If water conditioner is required, add now 4. Add any tank-mix partners that are a dry formulation 5. If using an oil dispersible grassy weed tank-mix partner (such as Simplicity GoDRI) add now 6. Add the required amount of Pixxaro A 7. Add the required amount of Plus M 8. Add the required amount of grassy weed tank-mix partner if not using an oil dispersible formulation 9. Add any required adjuvant or surfactants 10. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation All major crops except lentils. Grazing Livestock may be grazed on treated crops 21 days following application. Pre-harvest interval Do not harvest the treated crop within 60 days after application. 47

50 In-Crop Cereal Broadleaf GROUP 4 Maximize potential. Every acre, clean. WHY USE PRESTIGE XC? Excellent control of thistles, cleavers, kochia and more. Your cleanest cereal crops, year after year. 20 ac/case rate Weeds controlled Annual sow thistle Annual sunflower Burdock Canada thistle 1 Canola (all varieties) Chickweed 3,4 Cleavers 3 Cocklebur Common groundsel Dandelion 2 Field horsetail 5 Flixweed Hemp-nettle Kochia 3 Lamb s-quarters Perennial sow thistle 1 Plantain 5 Prickly lettuce Ragweed Redroot pigweed Round-leaved mallow Russian pigweed Scentless chamomile Shepherd s purse Smartweed Stinkweed Stork s-bill Tartary buckwheat Vetch Volunteer flax Volunteer sunflower Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Wild radish 1 Season-long control, with some regrowth in the fall (top growth control) 2 Spring rosettes only 27 ac/case rate Weeds controlled Annual sunflower Burdock Canada thistle 1 (low infestations) Cleavers 3 Cocklebur Field horsetail 5 Flixweed Kochia 3 Lamb s-quarters Plantain 5 Prickly lettuce Ragweed Shepherd s purse Stinkweed Stork s-bill Vetch Volunteer flax Volunteer sunflower Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Wild radish Weeds suppressed Canola (all varieties) 3 Including Group 2 resistant that inhibit the ALS enzyme 4 Controls the population that is present at time of spraying but not subsequent flushes 5 Top growth only 48

51 PRESTIGE XC APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Barley Canary seed Durum wheat Forage grasses (see label for complete list) Oats Spring wheat Winter wheat Rate 20 ac/case (480 ac/pallet) For heavy weed populations, larger weeds or poor growing conditions 27 ac/case (640 ac/pallet) When tank mixing with Simplicity GoDRI, use the 27 ac/case rate Water volume Ground L/ac (5-10 US gal/ac) Aerial L/ac (3-5 US gal/ac) When to apply Crop stage: 3-leaf to just before flag leaf Weed stage: 1- to 6-leaf or 2- to 4-leaf stage (27 ac/case rate) Rainfast 4 hours Tank mixes Simplicity GoDRI Liquid Achieve Horizon Everest Axial Puma Assert Mixing instructions 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. Add any required water conditioners 4. Add any tank-mix partners that are a dry formulation 5. Add the required amount of grassy weed tank-mix partner 6. Add the required amount of Prestige XC 7. Add any required adjuvant or surfactants 8. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation The year following application, fields can be seeded to: Barley Canola Flax Mustard Oats Peas* Rye Sugar Beets Summerfallow Wheat Grazing and harvest Livestock may graze treated areas 7 days after application. Withdraw meat animals from treated areas at least 3 days before slaughter. Allow 7 days after application before cutting hay or harvesting forage. Mature crops may be harvested 60 days after application. * For pea rotation, rainfall from June 1 to August 31 in the year of application must be greater than 140 mm (5.5 inches) and annual rainfall must be greater than 175 mm (6.9 inches). 49

52 In-Crop Cereal Broadleaf GROUP 4 Maximize potential. Every acre, clean. WHY USE PRESTIGE XL? Excellent control of thistles, cleavers, kochia and more. Your cleanest cereal crops, year after year. This Prestige XL formulation requires the addition of 0.25% v/v ammonia to be mixed with NEW Simplicity GoDRI. Go to PrestigeSimplicitySupport or call for further details. 120 ac/drum rate Weeds controlled Annual sow thistle Annual sunflower Burdock Canada thistle 1 Canola (all varieties) Chickweed 3,4 Cleavers 3 Cocklebur Common groundsel Dandelion 2 Field horsetail 5 Flixweed Hemp-nettle Kochia 3 Lamb s-quarters Perennial sow thistle 1 Plantain 5 Prickly lettuce Ragweed Redroot pigweed Round-leaved mallow Russian pigweed Scentless chamomile Shepherd s purse Smartweed Stinkweed Stork s-bill Tartary buckwheat Vetch Volunteer flax Volunteer sunflower Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Wild radish Each drum of Prestige XL treats 120 to 160 acres. 160 ac/drum rate Weeds controlled Annual sunflower Burdock Canada thistle 1 (low infestations) Cleavers 3 Cocklebur Field horsetail 5 Flixweed Kochia 3 Lamb s-quarters Plantain 5 Prickly lettuce Ragweed Shepherd s purse Stinkweed Stork s-bill Vetch Volunteer flax Volunteer sunflower Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Wild radish Weeds suppressed Canola (all varieties) 1 Season-long control, with some regrowth in the fall (top growth control) 2 Spring rosettes only 3 Including Group 2 resistant that inhibit the ALS enzyme 4 Controls or suppresses the population that is present at time of spraying but not subsequent flushes 5 Top growth only 50

53 PRESTIGE XL APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Barley Canary seed Durum wheat Forage grasses (see label for complete list) Oats Spring wheat Winter wheat Rates and Packaging 120 ac/113.6 L drum (0.95 L/ac) For heavy weed populations, larger weeds or poor growing conditions 160 ac/113.6 L drum (0.7 L/ac) When tank mixing with Simplicity GoDRI, use the 27 ac/case rate Cases: 20 ac/case For heavy weed populations, larger weeds or poor growing conditions 27 ac/case When tank mixing with Simplicity GoDRI, use the 27 ac/case rate Water volume Ground L/ac (5-10 US gal/ac) Aerial L/ac (3-5 US gal/ac) When to apply Crop stage: 3-leaf to just before flag leaf Weed stage: 1- to 6-leaf or 2- to 4-leaf stage (27 ac/case rate) Rainfast 4 hours Tank mixes Simplicity GoDRI Liquid Achieve Horizon Everest Axial Puma Assert *This Prestige XL formulation requires the addition of 0.25% v/v ammonia to be mixed with NEW Simplicity GoDRI. Go to or call for further details. Mixing instructions 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. Add any required water conditioners 4. Add any tank-mix partners that are a dry formulation 5. Add the required amount of grassy weed tank-mix partner 6. Add the required amount of Prestige XL 7. Add any required adjuvant or surfactants 8. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation Barley Canola Flax Mustard Oats Peas 1 Rye Sugar Beets Summerfallow Wheat Grazing and harvest Livestock may graze treated areas 7 days after application. Withdraw meat animals from treated areas at least 3 days before slaughter. Allow 7 days after application before cutting hay or harvesting forage. Mature crops may be harvested 60 days after application. 1 For pea rotation, rainfall from June 1 to August 31 in the year of application must be greater than 140 mm (5.5 inches) and annual rainfall must be greater than 175 mm (6.9 inches). NEW for 2018: Cases Available 51

54 In-Crop Cereal One-Pass GROUP 2 GROUP 4 The complete wheat herbicide. UNIQUE all-in-one Rexade delivers pure performance through convenient grass and broadleaf weed control in all types of wheat. WHY USE REXADE? No compromise. Unmatched one-pass grass and broadleaf weed control in one product. New class of Group 4 herbicide combined with a premium Group 2 herbicide. Convenience. Complete, all-in-one box solution. GoDRI Rapid Dispersion Technology for easy storage, transport and mixing. Multiple Mode of Action control of key weeds for effective resistance management. Grass weeds controlled Wild oats Barnyard grass Japanese brome Yellow foxtail Broadleaf weeds controlled Annual sunflower* Hemp-nettle 1 Bluebur* Lamb s-quarters 1 * Burdock* Mustard (except dog Chickweed and green tansy)* Cleavers 1 Plantain* Cocklebur* Prickly lettuce* Corn spurry Ragweed* Cow cockle Redroot pigweed 1 Flixweed* Round-leaved mallow Goat s-beard* Russian knapweed* Russian thistle* Shepherd s purse* Smartweed Stinkweed* Sweet clover* Vetch* Volunteer canola Volunteer flax Wild buckwheat Wild radish* Weeds suppressed Canada thistle Dandelion Downy brome Green foxtail Night-flowering catchfly Russian thistle Kochia 1 has been submitted for registration; up to 10 cm in height 1 Including Group 2 resistant biotypes *2-4 leaf staging 52

55 REXADE APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Spring wheat Winter wheat Durum wheat Rate 40 ac/case When to apply Spring, durum and winter wheat: 3-leaf expanded to just before flag leaf stage. Rainfast 1 hour Mixing instructions 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. Add the required amount of Rexade A 4. Add the required amount of Rexade B 5. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation Seed to all major crops the year following application (with the exception of lentils). Grazing and harvest Allow 7 days after application before grazing lactating animals. Livestock may graze treated areas 3 days after application. Withdraw meat animals from treated areas at least 3 days before slaughter. Allow 30 days after application before cutting hay or harvesting forage. Mature crops may be harvested 60 days after application. 53

56 In-Crop Canola GROUP 2 GROUP 4 The only Clearfield canola solution for high-performance broad-spectrum control of grasses, annual and perennial broadleaf weeds. WHY USE SALUTE? First class weed control. Maximize your Clearfield canola production with first class in-crop weed control including season long control of perennial weeds. Grasses plus annual and perennial broadleaf weeds. The most effective thistle control available, right down to the roots; plus excellent control of wild oats, wild buckwheat, cleavers, lamb s-quarters and more. Flexible, one-pass weed control. A wide application window for reliable, one-pass weed control. Weeds controlled Grass Barnyard grass Green foxtail Japanese brome grass (spring germinating) Persian darnel Volunteer barley Volunteer canary seed Volunteer durum wheat Volunteer spring wheat 4 Volunteer tame oats Broadleaf Annual sow thistle 1 Chickweed Cleavers 3 Cow cockle Green smartweed Hemp-nettle Lamb s-quarters Redroot pigweed Round-leaved mallow Russian thistle Shepherd s purse Stinkweed Stork s-bill Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Wild oats Volunteer tame mustard Volunteer canola 2,5 Perennial broadleaf Canada thistle 1 Perennial sow thistle 1 1 Top growth control 2 Cotyledon to 6-leaf 3 Not Group 2 resistant biotypes 4 Non-imazamox tolerant wheat 5 Non-Clearfield canola varieties only 54

57 SALUTE APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Clearfield Canola Rate 40 ac/case 56 g/ac Salute A, plus 245 ml/ac Salute B, plus 0.5% v/v Merge When to apply Crop stage: 2- to 6-leaf Not registered for use in the Peace River Region of AB and BC Weed stage: 2-leaf to true leaf stage and 2 tillers (annual grasses), 2- to 4-leaf (broadleaf weeds), rosette prior to top bolting (perennial weeds) Rainfast 3 hours Tank mixes None Mixing instructions Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 1. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 2. Add the required amount of Salute A 3. Add the required amount of Salute B 4. Add the required amount of Merge 5. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation The year following application, fields can be seeded to: Barley Canola Mustard Oats Rye (not under seeded Flax Peas* with legumes, clover or alfalfa) Forage grasses Summerfallow Wheat * For pea rotation, rainfall from June 1 to August 31 in the year of application must be greater than 140 mm (5.5 inches) and annual rainfall must be greater than 175 mm (6.9 inches). 55

58 In-Crop Cereal Graminicide GROUP 2 Superior performance including elite Group 2 wild oat and bonus broadleaf weed control with no re-cropping restrictions in a convenient, easy-to-use GoDRI formulation. WHY USE SIMPLICITY GoDRI? Superior performance. Elite grass and broadleaf weed control. Wide window of application. This is the only Group 2 wild oat product that can be applied up to flag leaf emergence. Resistance management. Controls Group 1 resistant wild oats. Tank mix flexibility. Rotation freedom. Convenient GoDRI formulation for fast, easy mixing and handling. Grass and broadleaf rate Weeds controlled Grass Wild oats Barnyard grass Downy brome (fall application) Japanese brome Yellow foxtail Broadleaf Chickweed Cleavers Corn spurry Cow cockle Flixweed Hemp-nettle Redroot pigweed Round-leaved mallow Shepherd s purse Smartweed Stinkweed Volunteer canola (excluding Clearfield) Weeds suppressed Canada thistle Dandelion Downy brome (spring application) Green foxtail 1 Persian darnel Russian thistle White cockle Wild buckwheat 1 Dow AgroSciences research trials indicate that application to small stage, actively growing plants provides an increased level of control 56

59 SIMPLICITY GODRI APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Durum wheat Spring wheat Winter wheat Rate Simplicity GoDRI 80 ac/jug (320 ac/case) Simplicity 40 ac/jug (80 ac/case) Water volume Ground L/ac (3-10 US gal/ac) Aerial minimum 12 L/ac (3 US gal/ac) NEW Simplicity GoDRI always requires the addition of Agral 90 or another Dow AgroSciences approved non ionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v. When to apply Crop stage: 3-leaf to prior to flag leaf emergence Weed stage: 1- to 6-leaf stage of wild oats 1- to 5-leaf stage of broadleaf weeds Rainfast 2 hours Tank mixes Cirpreme Paradigm Pixxaro Prestige XC/XL Frontline XL Spectrum Attain XC Stellar XL Frontline 2,4-D XC OcTTain XL MCPA Curtail M Buctril M 2,4-D Refine Extra Thumper Tilt Simplicity GoDRI always requires the addition of Agral 90 or another Dow AgroSciences recommended non-ionic surfactant: Agral 90 at 0.25% v/v, Sentry at 0.25% v/v, AgSurf at 0.25% v/v or High Activate at 1% v/v Mixing instructions 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. Add required water conditioner (Simplicity only, not required with Simplicity GoDRI) 4. Add any tank-mix partners that are a dry formulation 5. Add the required amount of Simplicity/Simplicity GoDRI 6. Add the required amount of broadleaf tank-mix partner 7. Add Agral 90 at 0.25% v/v (for Simplicity GoDRI only) 8. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation Seed to all major crops the year following application, including field peas, chickpeas, lentils, soybeans, sunflowers and potatoes. Grazing and harvest Livestock may graze treated areas 7 days after application. Mature crops may be harvested 60 days after application. 57

60 In-Crop Cereal Graminicide GROUP 2 Simplicity GoDRI wild oat rate. Simply better value. WHY USE SIMPLICITY WILD OAT RATE? Cost effective control of wild oats and Japanese brome. Wide window of application from 3-leaf up to flag leaf emergence. Rotational freedom. Ability to seed all major crops the year following application, including peas, lentils, chickpeas, soybeans, potatoes or sunflowers. Resistance management. Controls Group 1 resistant wild oats. Now available in a convenient GoDRI formulation for fast, easy mixing and handling. For early season applications in low to moderate wild oat populations that are typical in the brown soil zones of Southern Alberta and Southern Saskatchewan. Wild oat rate Weeds controlled Wild oats Japanese brome 1 Barnyard grass 1 1 Based on Dow AgroSciences research trials Wild oat performance Wild Oat Control Rating 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% I I I I I Simplicity Very good (90 95%) Source: Dow AgroSciences Field Research Data (2006 to 2008). Wild Oat Control Rating 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% I I I I I Varro /Velocity m3 Good (85 89%) Source: Dow AgroSciences Field Research Data (2009 to 2010). 58

61 SIMPLICITY GODRI WILD OAT RATE APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Durum wheat Spring wheat Winter wheat Rate Simplicity GoDRI 106 ac/jug (424 ac/case) Simplicity 53 ac/jug (106 ac/case) Water volume Ground L/ac (3-10 US gal/ac) Aerial minimum 12 L/ac (3 US gal/ac) NEW Simplicity GoDRI always requires the addition of Agral 90 or another Dow AgroSciences approved non ionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v. When to apply Crop stage: 3-leaf to prior to flag leaf emergence Weed stage: 1- to 4-leaf Rainfast 2 hours Tank mixes OcTTain XL Prestige XC/XL Stellar XL Frontline 2,4-D XC Attain XC Buctril M Thumper Tilt Simplicity GoDRI always requires the addition of Agral 90 or another Dow AgroSciences recommended non-ionic surfactant: Agral 90 at 0.25% v/v, Sentry at 0.25% v/v, AgSurf at 0.25% v/v or High Activate at 1% v/v Mixing instructions 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. Add required water conditioner (Simplicity only, not required with Simplicity GoDRI) 4. Add any tank-mix partners that are a dry formulation 5. Add the required amount of Simplicity/Simplicity GoDRI 6. Add the required amount of broadleaf tank-mix partner 7. Add Agral 90 at 0.25% v/v (for Simplicity GoDRI only) 8. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation Seed to all major crops the year following application, including chickpeas, field peas, lentils, potatoes, soybeans and sunflowers. Grazing and harvest Livestock may graze treated areas 7 days after application. Mature crops may be harvested 60 days after application. 59

62 In-Crop Corn GROUP 2 Cleaner fields, higher yields. WHY USE SORTAN IS? Designed to remove early season weed competition including volunteer Roundup Ready canola and wild buckwheat. Provides an additional mode of action to glyphosate, making it a great tool for effective resistance management. Extended control of tough broadleaf and grassy weeds throughout the critical weed free period. Weeds controlled Post-emergent application 15 g rate Volunteer canola* (including glyphosate tolerant) Wild buckwheat (when tank mixed with glyphosate) 30 g rate Barnyard grass Green foxtail Fall panicum Lamb s-quarters Old witchgrass Quackgrass (suppression) Redroot pigweed Wild buckwheat Volunteer canola (including glyphosate tolerant) Yellow foxtail (suppression) Pre-emergent application Barnyard grass Green foxtail Yellow foxtail (suppression) *Tank-mix with glyphosate required for volunteer Clearfield canola control. Refer to product label for complete details prior to use. Consult your local representative for guidelines on extended control. 60

63 SORTAN IS APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Corn Rate Pre-emergent rate: 30 g/ac, 40 ac/bottle Post-emergent rate: g/ac, ac/bottle (Refer to product label for more details on the post-emergent application). Packaging: 1.2 kg bottle Water volume: Minimum 40 L/ac (9 imp. gal/ac) When to apply Pre-emergent application before emergence of weeds Post-emergent application VE (spike) to V3 (5 leaf stage ) Corn leaf stages can vary depending on both growing conditions and corn seed product. Rainfast 4 hours Tank mixes Tank-mix with a glyphosate herbicide at 365 g ai/ac (900 g ai/ha) for control of additional weeds (glyphosate-tolerant corn only) Registered for use in Roundup Ready corn Mixing instructions 1. Fill clean tank about 1 3 full with fresh water 2. Turn on full agitation 3. With the agitator running, add the required amount of Sortan IS Herbicide. Continue to agitate for a minimum of 5 minutes to ensure that Sortan IS Herbicide is completely dissolved 4. Once granules are dissolved continue to fill the tank to 2 3 to 3 4 full, then add the required amount of the tank mix partner 5. After Sortan IS Herbicide (and tank mixed herbicide if applicable) has been well mixed and is in suspension, add a recommended non-ionic surfactant at 2 L per 1,000 L spray solution (0.2 % v/v). Surfactant not required if tank mixing with 360 g per acre glyphosate 6. Fill the remainder of the spray tank 7. For repeat tank loads, reduce the material remaining in the tank to 10% of the original volume or less before proceeding with step 1, because remaining chemicals may prevent Sortan IS Herbicide granules from completely dissolving. If this is not possible, pre-slurry Sortan IS Herbicide in a small amount (5-10 L) of water before adding to the tank. Tank clean-out Ammonia based cleaners are preferred. Crop rotation The following crops may be seeded 10 months after application: Spring wheat (including durum), oats, barley, canola, soybeans, dry beans, chickpeas, potatoes, sunflowers, field corn, field peas, lentils, flax, fababeans and corn (sweet or seed). Grazing and harvest Must not be applied within 30 days of harvest. Do not graze or silage for a minimum of 30 days. 61

64 In-Crop Cereal Broadleaf GROUP 2 GROUP 4 Exceptional control of dandelion, thistle and hemp-nettle in cereals. WHY USE SPECTRUM? Selective control. For your worst broadleaf weed problems in cereals. Two unique active ingredients. Contains Group 2 and 4 actives to deliver a hard-hitting solution. Weeds controlled Annual sow thistle Canada thistle Chickweed Cleavers Cow cockle Dandelion (<15 cm diameter) Flixweed (annual) Weeds suppressed Hemp-nettle Narrow-leaved hawk s-beard Perennial sow thistle (top growth only) Redroot pigweed Shepherd s purse Smartweed Stinkweed Stork s-bill Volunteer canola (all varieties) Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Ready for an upgrade? See Cirpreme Dandelion (>15 cm diameter; overwintered rosettes; mature plants) Problems Spectrum solves: Canada thistle Cleavers Dandelion Sow thistle 62

65 SPECTRUM APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Barley Durum wheat Oats Spring wheat Rate 20 ac/case Water volume Ground 40 L/ac (10 US gal/ac) Aerial not registered When to apply Crop stage: 2- to 6-leaf Weed stage: 1- to 4-leaf Rainfast 4 hours Tank mixes Simplicity GoDRI Axial Assert Everest Mixing instructions When mixing you will use step 5 or step 8 but not both. 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. If water conditioner is required, add now 4. Add any tank-mix partners that are a dry formulation 5. If using an oil dispersible grassy weed tank-mix partner (such as Simplicity GoDRI) add now 6. Add the required amount of Spectrum A 7. Add the required amount of Spectrum B 8. Add the required amount of grassy weed tank-mix partner if not using an oil dispersible formulation 9. Add any required adjuvant or surfactants 10. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation The year following application, fields can be seeded to: Barley Oats Summerfallow Canola Peas* Wheat Grazing and harvest Livestock may graze treated areas 7 days after application. Withdraw meat animals from treated areas at least 3 days before slaughter. Allow 7 days after application before cutting hay or harvesting forage. Mature crops may be harvested 60 days after application. *For pea rotation, rainfall from June 1 to August 31 in the year of application must be greater than 140 mm (5.5 inches) and annual rainfall must be greater than 175 mm (6.9 inches). 63

66 In-Crop Cereal Broadleaf GROUP 2 GROUP 4 Stellar performance. Made easy. WHY USE STELLAR XL? High performance. Superior control of a wide range of annual broadleaf weeds including kochia, wild buckwheat, cleavers, hemp-nettle, chickweed and more. Flexibility and early application. Wide application window and no re-cropping restrictions. Apply from 3- to 6-leaf in crops. #1 broadleaf herbicide in oats. The best broadleaf weed control option in oats. Easy on oats, hard on weeds. Convenience. New all in one XL formulation 40% less volume. Available in 40 acre cases, 240 acre drums and 1,280 acre totes. Weeds controlled Annual sunflower Burdock Chickweed Cleavers 1 Cocklebur Flixweed Hemp-nettle 1 Kochia 1 Lamb s-quarters Plantain Prickly lettuce Ragweed Redroot pigweed Russian pigweed Shepherd s purse Smartweed Stinkweed Vetch Volunteer canola (all varieties) Volunteer flax Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Wild radish Weeds suppressed Stork s-bill 1 Including Group 2 resistant biotypes When Steller XL is tank mixed with Simplicity GoDRI these additional weeds are controlled or suppressed: Grass Barnyard grass Japanese brome Wild oats Yellow foxtail Broadleaf Canada thistle Dandelion Corn spurry Cow cockle Round-leaved mallow Russian thistle Weeds suppressed Narrow-leaved hawk s beard White cockle Oats Wheat Barley 64

67 STELLAR XL APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Wheat (spring and durum) Barley Oats Rate 40 ac/case (20 ac/jug) 1,200 ac/pallet (240 ac/drum) 1,280 ac/tote Water volume Ground 40 L/ac (10 US gal/ac) Aerial not registered When to apply Crop stage: 3- to 6-leaf Weed stage: 1- to 4-leaf, or as indicated on the product label Total pallet treats 1,200 acres This product can be purchased as individual drums that treat 240 acres each Rainfast 2 hours Tank mixes Simplicity GoDRI Assert Axial Everest Mixing instructions Tote package treats 1,280 acres When mixing, you will use step 5 or step 7 but not both. 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. If water conditioner is required, add now 4. Add any tank-mix partners that are a dry formulation 5. If using an oil dispersible grassy weed tank-mix partner (such as Simplicity GoDRI) add now 6. Add the required amount of Stellar XL 7. Add the required amount of grassy weed tank-mix partner if not using an oil dispersible formulation 8. Add any required adjuvant or surfactants 9. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation Seed to all major crops the year following application. Grazing and harvest Allow 7 days after application before cutting hay or harvesting forage. Mature crops may be harvested 60 days after application. 65

68 In-Crop Cereal One-Pass GROUP 2 GROUP 4 Control problem grass and broadleaf weeds in wheat with the tougher, easier, total-acre solution. WHY USE TANDEM? Tougher. Control of wild oats, Japanese brome, chickweed, cleavers, hemp-nettle, kochia, wild buckwheat and much more. Easy to use. Control all problem weeds using one solution. Flexible. Wide window of application, excellent crop safety, flexible rate and rotational freedom. Multi-Mode of Action. Two unique modes of action provide overlapping activity on hard-to-kill weeds for superior resistance management. Weeds controlled Grass Barnyard grass Japanese brome Wild buckwheat Wild oats 1 Yellow foxtail Broadleaf Canada thistle Chickweed 2 Cleavers 2 Corn spurry Cow cockle Flixweed Kochia 2 Lady s-thumb Redroot pigweed Round-leaved mallow Russian thistle Sheperd s purse Smartweed Stinkweed Volunteer canola (all varieties) Volunteer flax Weeds suppressed Grass Downy brome 4 Green foxtail 3 Broadleaf Dandelion 4 Hemp-nettle Stork s-bill Additional broadleaf weeds controlled when tank mixed with 2,4-D (5 oz/ac) Bluebur Burdock Cocklebur Goat s-beard Lamb s-quarters Plantain Prickly lettuce Ragweed Sweet clover Volunteer sunflower Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Wild radish Additional broadleaf weeds controlled when tank mixed with MCPA (5 oz/ac) Burdock Cocklebur Lamb s-quarters Prickly lettuce Ragweed Vetch Volunteer sunflower Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Wild radish 1 Including Group 1 resistant biotypes 2 Including Group 2 resistant biotypes 3 Dow AgroSciences research trials indicate that application to small stage, actively growing plants provides an increased level of control 4 Spring rosettes 5 Top growth only 66

69 TANDEM APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Durum wheat Spring wheat Winter wheat Rate 40 ac/case to 53 ac/case Water volume Ground 40 L/ac (10 US gal/ac) Aerial 40 L/ac (10 US gal/ac) 53 ac/case rate available for use in low to moderate wild oat levels that are typical in the brown soil zones. When to apply Crop stage: 3-leaf to prior to flag leaf emergence Weed stage: 1- to 6-leaf stage for wild oats and 1- to 5-leaf stage for broadleaf weeds Rainfast 2 hours Tank mixes MCPA 2,4-D Curtail M Mixing instructions 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. Add required water conditioner 4. Add any tank-mix partners that are a dry formulation 5. Add the required amount of Tandem A 6. Add the required amount of Tandem B 7. Add the required amount of broadleaf tank-mix partner 8. Add any required adjuvant or surfactants 9. Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation Seed to all major crops the year following application, including chickpeas, lentils, peas and soybeans. Grazing and harvest Livestock may graze treated areas 7 days after application. Allow 7 days after application before grazing lactating animals. Withdraw meat animals from treated areas at least 3 days before slaughter. Allow 30 days after application before cutting hay or harvesting forage. Mature crops may be harvested 60 days after application. Additional broadleaf weeds controlled when tank mixed with Curtail M (10 ac/jug) Annual sow thistle Burdock Canada thistle Cocklebur Common groundsel Dandelion 4 Field horsetail 5 Lamb s-quarters Perennial sow thistle Plantain 5 Prickly lettuce Ragweed Russian pigweed Scentless chamomile Sunflower (annual and volunteer) Tartary buckwheat Vetch Volunteer sunflower Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Wild radish 67

70 In-Crop Canola and Cereal Pre-seed GROUP 9 Maximum glyphosate performance. WHY USE VP480? Maximum weed control. Patented DMA technology provides fast and effective weed control under all use conditions. Flexibility. A competitive alternative to other premium glyphosate options that can be applied pre-seed, in-crop, chemfallow, pre-harvest and post harvest. Foam-free formulation. Easier to mix and spray. Weeds controlled Annual grass weeds Annual broadleaf weeds Perennial broadleaf weeds Perennial grasses/sedges Volunteer crops (except Roundup Ready varieties) Winter annual weeds 68

71 VP480 APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Apply before planting all crops. Apply pre-harvest in: Wheat Barley Oats Canola Flax Peas Lentils Dry beans Soybeans Forages Chemfallow Pasture rejuvenation Forage Legume Grass establishment Rate Refer to the label Apply with ground equipment only When to apply Refer to the label Ensure adequate leaf surface to receive the spray Un-emerged plants will not be controlled For best control of perennial weeds, treat near maturity Rainfast 1 hour Tank mixes Some tank mixes are registered for Roundup Ready canola or chemfallow Tank mixes with Paradigm, PrePass FLEX and Korrex for excellent pre-seed and post-harvest control Mixing instructions 1. Fill the spray tank with ½ to ¾ of the required amount of water 2. Continue agitation throughout the mixing and spraying procedure 3. Add the required amount of VP Complete filling the sprayer tank with water Note: Do not mix undiluted herbicides in the chem-handler Crop rotation Seed to all major crops the year following application. Grazing and harvest All portions of the treated crops may be fed to livestock. Do not apply to any crops grown for seed. Consult malt buyers before using pre-harvest on malt barley. Allow 3-5 days after application before grazing or harvesting treated areas. 69

72 NOTES 70

73 RANGE & PASTURE As a rancher, you take pride in the land. When you look after the land, the land will look after you. It s second nature. Healthy, sustainable pastures are the result of long-term, consistent stewardship, including keeping invasive species in check.

74 Complete solution for tree, brush and broadleaf weed control. WHY USE GRAZON XC? Complete solution. Ideal for tree, brush and broadleaf weed control in pasture management. Innovative formulation. Improved handling profile and lower use rates. Strong. Controls tough to kill weeds like toadflax and leafy spurge. Weeds controlled Burdock Canada thistle Common ragweed Common yarrow Dandelion Dock Fleabane Goldenrod Leafy spurge Plantain Prickly lettuce Red clover Sweet clover Toadflax Vetch Wild carrot Wild rose Trees controlled Aspen Birch Wild prairie rose Willow Trees suppressed Balsam poplar Western snowberry 72

75 GRAZON XC APPLICATION GUIDELINES Usage Permanent pastures Rangeland How it works Unique chemistry moves through the plant to control even the roots, which is especially important for biennial and perennial weeds and trees as they have large root systems. Rates Weed control: 1.9 L/ac Tree rate: 2.5 L/ac Addition of a non-ionic surfactant such as Intake adjuvant is required to control certain tough to control weeds and trees. For rates specific to your desired result, please consult the label or call the Dow AgroSciences Solution Center at When to apply Target timing to the most problematic plants. For example, if your primary target is absinthe wormwood, timing will likely be earlier (May 15 to June 15). If the primary target is Canada thistle, wait long enough for the majority of thistles to emerge (July 1 to 30). Apply when the primary target plant is actively growing, after emergence and prior to flowering. Environmental stresses such as severe drought or extended periods of heat may decrease efficacy. Grazon XC can only control weeds and root systems that are treated; weeds that have not emerged will not have the same level of control as weeds that were fully emerged. Initially, target plants will show limited visual activity following application; however, plant growth will stop. More effects can be observed 45 to 60 days following application. Successful application provides at least two years of improved grass production. Application methods Ground or air; use coarse sprays to minimize drift Backpack applications to small areas: create a 0.67% solution of Grazon XC in water for weed and shrub control (e.g. mix 67 ml of Grazon XC in 10 L of water) For all applications, coverage of the targeted foliage is very important Optimizing performance Do not apply within 1.5 times the height of desirable trees in pastures. Do not spray if injury to existing forage legumes cannot be tolerated. Take appropriate measures to prevent application or drift onto plants and trees that are not intended for control. Grazing schedules No grazing restrictions for beef livestock. Allow 7 days after application before grazing lactating animals. Withdraw meat mammals from treated areas at least 3 days before slaughter. Allow 30 days after application before cutting hay or harvesting forage. Do not harvest grass for hay within 30 days after application. 73

76 Invasive weed control for sustainable land management. WHY USE RESTORE II? Performance in one spray. Effectively controls a broad spectrum of invasive plants and broadleaf weeds. Stewardship. Excellent tool for land owners big or small looking to practice sustainable land management. Safe to graze. No grazing restrictions for livestock or wildlife. Just add water. One jug treats 10 acres, convenient for both large or small sprayers. Plants controlled or suppressed Absinthe wormwood Annual sow thistle Biennial wormwood Bitter sneezeweed Blue lettuce Bluebur Bull thistle Burdock Buttercup (hairy, tall) Canada fleabane Canada goldenrod Canada thistle Canola (all varieties) Cocklebur Common broomweed Common chickweed Common plantain Common purslane Common ragweed Cudweed Curly dock Daisy fleabane Dandelion False flax Field bindweed Flixweed Fuller s teasel Goat s-beard Groundsel Gumweed Hairy buttercup Hairy fleabane Hawkweed Heal-all Hedge bindweed Hoary cress Horsenettle Knotweed Kochia Lamb s-quarters Leafy spurge Mouse-eared chickweed Musk or nodding thistle Mustards (except tansy, dog mustards are controlled at the 2.12 L rate) Narrow-leaved hawk s-beard Oak-leaved goosefoot Ox-eyed daisy Peppergrass Perennial sow thistle Pineapple weed Plumeless thistle Prickly lettuce Prostrate pigweed Ragweed (common, western) Redroot pigweed Russian pigweed Russian thistle Scentless chamomile Sheep sorrel Shepherd s purse Smartweed (green, Pennsylvania) Spotted knapweed Stinging nettle Stinkweed Sulphur cinquefoil Sweet clover Tall buttercup Tall ironweed Tansy ragwort Tartary buckwheat Tropic croton Tropical soda apple Velvetleaf Western ragweed Wild radish Wild sunflower Yellow rocket Yellow star thistle 74

77 RESTORE II APPLICATION GUIDELINES Usage Permanent pastures Rangeland How it works Restore II contains a Group 4 active ingredient that works like a natural growth regulating hormone found only in plants. It is absorbed by the leaves and roots, translocating throughout the plant, causing the plant to die. Rates Restore II is packaged in 2 x 9.7 L jugs; one case treats 20 acres Minimum 20 gal/ac total spray solution (ground applications) Minimum 5 gal/ac total spray solution (aerial applications) Backpack applications to small areas: create a 0.24% solution with 10 L of water Thoroughly and uniformly wet the foliage of all target plants, but not to the point of runoff When to apply Application timing to control a broad range of weeds may be challenging, since emergence and growth stages occur at different times throughout the season. Target timing to the most problematic weed. For example, if your primary target is tall buttercup, timing will likely be earlier (May 15 to June 30). If the primary target is Canada thistle, wait long enough for the majority of thistles to emerge (July 1 to 30). Apply Restore II when the primary target weed is most actively growing, after emergence and prior to flowering. Environmental stresses, such as severe drought or extended periods of heat, may decrease efficacy. Restore II can only control weeds and root systems that are treated. Weeds that have not emerged will not have the same level of control as weeds that were fully emerged. Application methods Ground or air Optimizing performance Do not spray if injury to existing forage legumes cannot be tolerated. Do not apply within the drip line of desirable trees. Take appropriate measures to prevent application or drift onto plants and trees not intended for control. Grazing schedules No grazing restrictions for beef livestock. Allow 7 days after application before grazing lactating animals. Restore II works like a natural growth-regulating hormone found only in plants. Mammals do not metabolize Restore II. If ingested, it is rapidly excreted from the body in the urine, and does not accumulate. Withdraw meat animals from treated areas at least 3 days before slaughter. Allow 30 days after application before cutting hay or harvesting forage. 75

78 The standard for broad spectrum control of tough weeds and shrubs. WHY USE RECLAIM II? More concentrated. Reclaim II is more concentrated than original Reclaim, providing easier to use lower volume package, while still treating 20 acres per case. Land stewardship. Take pride in your rangeland and permanent pasture through outstanding control of weeds, shrubs and invasive plants. Extended control. Provides extended control of a range of challenging plant problems. Shrub activity. Reclaim II is the only solution for effective control of buckbrush, wild rose and wolf willow. Research trials indicate activity on the following broadleaf weeds and shrubs in the season of application. Absinthe wormwood Annual sow thistle Ball mustard Biennial wormwood Blue lettuce Bluebur Buckbrush Burdock Canada fleabane Canada goldenrod Canada thistle Chickweed Clover Cocklebur Common groundsel Common ragweed Common tansy Corn spurry Cow cockle Cudweed Curly dock Dandelion Docks Dog mustard Field bindweed Field horsetail Field peppergrass Field scabious Fireweed Flixweed Goat s-beard Green smartweed Gumweed Hairy galinsoga Hedge bindweed Hemp-nettle Hoary cress Horse nettle Kochia Lady s-thumb Lamb s-quarters Leafy spurge Musk thistle Narrow-leaved hawk s-beard Oak-leaved goosefoot Ox-eyed daisy Pasture sage Perennial pepperweed Perennial sow thistle Plantain Plumeless thistle Prairie sage Prickly lettuce Prostrate pigweed Pussytoes 76 Ragweed Redroot pigweed Russian knapweed Russian thistle Scentless chamomile Shepherd s purse Shrubby cinquefoil Spotted knapweed Stinkweed Stork s-bill Sweet clover Tall buttercup Tartary buckwheat Tumbleweed Vetch Volunteer alfalfa Volunteer canola (all varieties) Volunteer sunflower Western ragweed Wild buckwheat Wild mustard Wild radish Wild rose Wild strawberry Wolf willow Yarrow Yellow star thistle

79 RECLAIM II APPLICATION GUIDELINES Usage Permanent pastures Rangeland How it works Reclaim II contains two Group 4 and one Group 2 herbicides Group 4 herbicides are growth regulator herbicides which are absorbed by the leaves and roots and translocate throughout the plant Rates One case treats 20 acres Apply a minimum of 20 gallons of water per acre by ground Apply a minimum of 5 gallons of water per acre by air When to apply Target timing to the most problematic plants. For example, if your primary target is buckbrush, timing will likely be earlier (June 1 to July 15). If the primary target is Canada thistle 1, wait long enough for the majority of thistles to emerge (July 1 to 30). Apply when the primary target plant is actively growing, after emergence and prior to flowering. Reclaim II can only control weeds and root systems that are treated. Weeds that have not emerged will not have the same level of control as weeds that were fully emerged. Application methods Ground or air Optimizing performance Do not spray if injury to existing forage legumes cannot be tolerated. Do not apply within the drip line of desirable trees. Take appropriate measures to prevent application or drift on plants and trees not intended for control. Environmental stresses such as severe drought or extended periods of heat may decrease efficacy. Grazing schedules No grazing restrictions for beef livestock. Allow 7 days after application before grazing lactating animals. Withdraw meat mammals from treated areas at least 3 days before slaughter. Allow 30 days after application before cutting hay or harvesting forage. Extended control for 24 months Buckbrush (western snowberry) Canada thistle 1 Dandelion Pasture sage (fringed sage) Prairie sage Shrubby cinquefoil Wild rose Wolf willow (silver-berry) 1 Removal of competing vegetation may result in new Canada thistle shoots emerging 77

80 NOTES 78

81 INSECTS, DISEASES AND SEED APPLIED TECHNOLOGY Put your insect and disease control in the hands of the experts. With more than 40 years of insecticide and fungicide experience, Dow AgroSciences continues to bring you our trusted performers and new innovations.

82 Speed, agility and exceptional coverage. WHY USE ACAPELA? Rapidly absorbed, moving quickly into and within each plant so you can spray even when conditions are challenging. One-of-a-kind fungicide that quickly and efficiently surrounds, penetrates and protects the leaf and stem. In addition to outstanding disease control, Acapela supports positive plant performance, even in stressful conditions. Acapela increases chlorophyll content and plant productivity. Better coverage means more consistent protection, providing outstanding disease control for greener, healthier crops and higher yield potential. Diseases controlled Canola Sclerotinia rot white mould Cereals Crown rust Leaf rust Net blotch Powdery mildew Scald Septoria leaf blotch Stripe rust Tan spot Corn Northern corn leaf blight Pulse crops (peas, lentils, chickpeas, dry beans) Anthracnose (lentils and dry beans) Ascochyta blight (in lentils and dry beans) Asian soybean rust Mycosphaerella* blight (field peas) Sclerotinia rot white mould* Soybeans Asian soybean rust Frogeye leafspot Sclerotinia rot white mould* Septoria brown spot *Suppression only 80

83 ACAPELA APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Canola Cereals Corn Pulse crops (peas, lentils, chickpeas, dry beans) Soybeans Rates Available in 9.6 L jug or 115 L tote Canola: L/ac (30 ac/jug or 360 ac/tote) Cereals: L/ac (50 ac/jug or 605 ac/tote) Corn: to L/ac (30 to 45 ac/jug) Pulse crops (peas, lentils, chickpeas, dry beans): L/ac (40 ac/jug or 480 ac/tote) Sclerotinia rot white mould: L/ac (27 ac/jug or 325 ac/tote) Soybeans: Sclerotinia rot white mould: L/ac (27 ac/jug), Asian soybean rust, frogeye leafspot, septoria brown spot: to L/ac (27 to 40 ac/jug) Water volume Ground minimum of 110 L/ha (10 gal/ac) Aerial minimum of 50 L/ha (4.5 gal/ac) When to apply Refer to the Acapela label for complete use instructions. Rainfast 30 minutes Mixing instructions 1. Shake well before use 2. Fill clean spray tank ¼ ½ full of water 3. While agitating, add the required amount of Acapela fungicide, continuing agitation until the product is completely dispersed 4. Continue filling the tank with agitation. Mix thoroughly to fully disperse the fungicide; once dispersed continued agitation is required. Use mechanical or hydraulic means; do not use air agitation. Crop rotation Any crop the following year. Grazing and harvest In canola, the minimum time between application and harvest is 28 days. In dry legumes, the minimum time between application and harvest of seed is 14 days, vines and hay is 0 days. In cereal grains, the minimum time between application and harvest of grain is 45 days. In corn, the minimum time between application and grain or ear harvest is 7 days. In soybeans, the minimum time between application and harvest is 14 days. 81

84 Fast-acting control of aphids in potatoes. WHY USE CLOSER? Fast-acting with residual control. Apply Closer for quick targeted control of sap feeding insects such as aphids, scales and leaf hoppers when outbreaks occur. Moves throughout the plant. Excellent systemic and translaminar activity. Valuable rotational partner. A unique sub-class of insecticides, Isoclast is effective against both resistant and non-resistant pests. Virus reduction. Closer s rapid results decrease the chance of virus transmission in seed potato production. Minimize flare-ups. Highly selective spectrum minimizes impact on beneficial insects. Insects controlled Aphids Rapid cessation of feeding by green peach aphid (Field-treated fruit collected at specified time points and infested with codling moth eggs) % reduction in honeydew produced compared with untreated hours Source: Dow AgroSciences Trials. 4 hours 24 hours 82

85 CLOSER APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crop Potatoes Root Tuberous Rates and packaging 20 to 61 ml/ac Closer is packaged in 12x1 L jugs Rainfast 2 hours Tank mixes No registered tank mixes. Closer can be mixed with fungicides and micro-nutrients. Consult your Dow AgroSciences representative if you are tank mixing Closer. Optimizing performance Boom height must be 60 cm or less above the crop or ground. Apply sufficient spray solution to ensure thorough coverage of plant foliage. Use a minimum of 40 L of water per acre for field sprayer applications. Closer is registered for aerial applications see label for specific recommendations. Precaution Maximum of 2 applications per year Minimum treatment interval of 7 days Pre-harvest interval 7 days 83

86 Rapid knockdown of Colorado potato beetle and European corn borer in potatoes. WHY USE DELEGATE? Performance. Delegate provides quick and effective control of Colorado potato beetle and European corn borer. Resistance management. Delegate contains a unique Group 5 active ingredient, making it an excellent tool for potato growers managing Colorado potato beetle resistance. Ease of use. Low use rates delivered through a convenient dry formulation. Flexibility. Market access approvals allow freedom to use Delegate across all production acres. Insects controlled Colorado potato beetle European corn borer Delegate is now registered for aerial application on potatoes! 84

87 DELEGATE APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Potatoes Rates and packaging 65 to 97 g/ac Delegate is packaged in 6 x 840 g bottles When to apply Target early larval stage before insect damage. Depending on pest severity, a repeat application may be required 7 to 14 days later. Heavy infestations, larger larvae and rapid plant growth will require the use of the higher rate. The higher rate will provide faster insect knockdown. Rainfast 2 hours Tank mixes No registered tank mixes Delegate can be mixed with fungicides and micro-nutrients. Consult your Dow AgroSciences representative if you are tank mixing Delegate Optimizing performance Spray solution ph can affect the performance of Delegate A spray ph between 5 and 9 is preferred for best results If required, adjust spray solution ph prior to the addition of Delegate Aerial application: Apply only by fixed-wing or rotary aircraft equipment. Use a minimum spray volume of 12 L/ac. Precautions Maximum of 3 applications per year Minimum treatment interval of 7 days Pre-harvest interval 7 days Speed of knockdown of Colorado potato beetle 2 days after application % CONTROL Delegate 240 g/ha Admire 200 ml/ha Coragen 375 ml/ha 85 Manitoba research trial

88 Forty years and counting as the world s most trusted fungicide. WHY USE DITHANE RAINSHIELD? Yield. Protect yields by managing damaging diseases in a variety of crops. Economics. Rapid control of numerous diseases at an economical price. Resistance management. Unique multi-site activity explains why no fungal resistance has developed in over 40 years of use. Rotation option. Contact control provides a rotation option from systemic fungicides in wheat, lentils and potatoes. Disease controlled Wheat Leaf rust Septoria leaf blotch Tan spot Lentils Anthracnose Ascochyta blight Potatoes Early blight Late blight Alfalfa Leaf spot Stem spot 86

89 DITHANE RAINSHIELD APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Alfalfa (seed production only) Lentils Potatoes Wheat Rates Alfalfa: 0.59 kg/ac Lentils: 0.9 kg/ac Potatoes: kg/ac (start with low rate, increase to maximum rate as foliage develops) Wheat: 0.45 kg/ac (early spray), 0.9 kg/ac (late spray) Water volume: 18 L/ac (aircraft), L/ac (ground), and 324 L/ac (sugar beets) Pressure: 345 kpa Nozzles: Hollow cones or flat fan recommended When to apply Lentils: First application before flower when bud formation is evident. Second application 10 to 12 days after first application, but before rows close in to and form a dense canopy. If conditions for disease persist, a third application may be applied 10 to 14 days later. Potatoes: When plants are 10 to 15 cm tall; repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Wheat: 2-leaf to 3-leaf (early application), 2 tillers to fully headed (late application). Tank mixes Compatible with most common pesticides Check mix partner labels for registered crops and additional restrictions Mixing instructions ground application 1. Pour Dithane Rainshield slowly into filled spray tank while the agitator is running 2. Completely fill tank with water 3. After Dithane Rainshield has been mixed into a suspension, add other co-applied pesticides, growth regulators, micronutrients or spray adjuvants Mixing instructions aerial application 1. Premix Dithane Rainshield thoroughly in a nurse tank 2. Fill spray hopper to the desired final water volume 3. Add slurry from Step 1 to spray hopper 4. Top off hopper to desired final water volume Crop rotation No restrictions. Grazing and harvest Do not graze treated crops or cut for hay. 87

90 Three unique modes of action for the best possible insect control. WHY USE LORSBAN NT? Yield. Protect crop yield by controlling damaging insects in a wide range of crops. Multiple control methods. Works on contact, and through ingestion and vapour inhalation. Trusted. Lorsban NT is one of the most widely used insecticides in the world. Chlorpyrifos has been in use for over 45 years. Insects controlled Alfalfa looper Army cutworm Bertha armyworm Black cutworm Colorado potato beetle (larvae) Common armyworm Dark-sided cutworm Diamondback moth (larvae) Grasshopper Lygus bug Pale western cutworm Potato flea beetle Red-backed cutworm Russian wheat aphid Sunflower seed weevil Tarnished plant bug Variegated cutworm Wheat midge Army cutworm Wheat midge Bertha armyworm 88

91 Lorsban NT insecticide uses innovative technology to produce a low-odour, waterbased formulation of Lorsban 4E insecticide. Like its predecessor, Lorsban NT offers superb versatility in controlling a wide variety of pests across numerous crops. Lorsban NT offers the same great efficacy, quick knockdown and residual control that growers have come to expect from the Lorsban brand for over 30 years. Lorsban NT offers a unique three-way mode of action to control insects by CONTACT, INGESTION and INHALATION. Lorsban is one of the most trusted insecticides in the world. Crop Pests Rate Wheat, barley, oats Canola Acres/ 10 L Jug Acres/ 208 L Drum Orange wheat blossom midge (wheat only) 405 ml/ac 25 ac 514 ac Grasshoppers 355 ml/ac 28 ac 586 ac Armyworm (incl. Bertha armyworm) Army cutworm Darksided cutworm 485 ml/ac 20 ac 429 ac Pale western cutworm Redbacked cutworm Brown wheat mite 253 ml/ac 40 ac 822 ac Russian wheat aphid 203 ml/ac 50 ac 1025 ac Lygus bug 405 ml/ac 25 ac 514 ac Bertha armyworm Alfalfa looper 405 ml/ac 25 ac 514 ac Armyworm Diamondback moth (larvae) 608 ml/ac 16 ac 342 ml/ac Grasshoppers 355 ml/ac 28 ac 587 ac Army cutworm Darksided cutworm Pale western cutworm 485 ml/ac 20 ac 429 ac Redbacked cutworm Variegated cutworm * Use the higher rate for larger larvae (insects), higher populations or when the crop foliage (canopy) is dense 89

92 Orange Wheat Blossom Midge The adult midge is a very small, fragile orange fly about 2 to 3 mm long. Two jet black eyes cover much of its brown head. Economic thresholds 1 midge per 4 to 5 heads One midge per every 4 to 5 heads will reduce yields by 10% to 15% and may contribute to grade loss if allowable damage limits are exceeded. Bertha Armyworm Young Bertha armyworm larvae are small, 3 mm long, pale green with a pale yellowish stripe along each side. As they grow, they change from green to pale brown to the familiar large velvety black to brown. The caterpillars are 4 to 5 cm long, with a light brown head and broad orange stripe along each side. Economic thresholds Generally, the economic threshold is 15 larvae per square metre, however the threshold changes with crop value and spraying costs, as shown here: Bertha armyworm economic threshold calculation table Spray Expected seed value $/bushel cost $ per acre # of larvae/metre Lygus Bug Lygus adults are about 3 mm wide and 6 mm long, pale green to reddish brown to mottled black. They have a distinctive, light-coloured triangle or V shaped marking in the upper centre of their backs. Economic thresholds Lygus are determined near the end of bloom using a sweep net. Thresholds are the number of bugs per degree sweeps of a standard 37 cm diameter insect net. 15 to 20 per 10 sweeps. Diamondback Moth (Larvae) The larvae are pale yellowish-green and are covered with fine, scattered, erect hairs. At maturity, the larvae are spindle shaped and about 12 mm in length. When they are disturbed, they wiggle backwards violently and may drop from the plant suspended by a silken thread. Economic thresholds Early Flower: 1 to 2 per plant Mid to Late Flower: 2 to 3 per plant 90

93 LORSBAN NT APPLICATION GUIDELINES Crops Barley Canola Field corn Flax Lentils Oats Potatoes Sunflowers Sugar beets Sweet corn (seedling or pre-plant) Wheat Rate Lorsban NT can be applied by ground and air. Refer to product label use directions within each crop. Tank mixes In wheat, barley and oats, when tank mixing Lorsban NT insecticide with the following herbicides, always add the herbicide to the spray tank first and then add the Lorsban NT insecticide: Banvel + 2,4-D Amine Buctril M MCPA Amine or Ester 2,4-D Amine or Ester Resistance management Lorsban NT contains a Group 1B (organophosphate) insecticide. Any insect population may contain individuals naturally resistant to Lorsban NT and other Group 1B insecticides. The resistant individuals may dominate the insect population if this group of insecticides is used repeatedly in the same fields. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to the site of action but are specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistance management strategies should be followed. Optimizing performance Uniform crop coverage is essential. Use a boom configuration that provides optimum coverage. Use higher rates where infestations are heavy or foliage is dense. 91

94 Better start. Better harvest. WHY USE LUMIDERM? Excellent control of early season cutworms. Enhanced protection against crucifer and striped flea beetles. Excellent early season seedling stand establishment, vigour and biomass. Up to 35 days of protection through the critical stages of seedling growth. New class of chemistry (Group 28) for resistance management. Insects controlled Cutworms Flea beetles (crucifer and striped) It s time to fight back against cutworms, flea beetles, changing environmental conditions and the challenges of time management during the early stages of crop development. Choose DuPont Lumiderm to provide excellent plant protection right from the start, allowing you to protect your seed investment. Lumiderm will improve your crop stand and give your crop a healthier early season start, allowing for optimal yield potential. See the Lumiderm difference in cutworm control Growers know cutworms are a real problem in canola production and very difficult to detect since they typically live underground during the day and feed at night. This makes it very challenging to control them with a foliar insecticide application. That s why Lumiderm is such an important leap forward in seed treatment. During the first 35 days of seedling growth, Lumiderm protects your canola from cutworm feeding which helps enhance early season stand establishment. Standard Treatment Lumiderm Treatment 92

95 LUMIDERM Crops Canola See the Lumiderm difference in protection against flea beetles Growers know there are few threats more significant to Canada s multi-billion dollar canola industry than flea beetles. Growers are faced with increasing flea beetle populations and are looking for a better way to control them. Lumiderm provides enhanced protection against both crucifer and striped flea beetles, which ultimately protects your seed investment and gets your crop off to a strong start. Flea beetle damage (14-35 days after seeding) 10 % Damage Standard 35% less flea beetle damage Lumiderm + Standard Source: DuPont Research and Development (replicated) trials and grower demo strip trials Striped flea beetle damage % Damage % less striped flea beetle damage Standard Lumiderm + Standard Source: University of AB, Dr. Andrew Keddie, 2-year lab/greenhouse testing. See the Lumiderm difference in seedling vigour, biomass and yield Growers know strong, healthy canola seedlings at the start of the season can significantly impact yield and quality at harvest. When you plant Lumiderm treated seed, you have early season cutworm control and protection against crucifer and striped flea beetles. This enhanced protection allows your crop to thrive. So it s no surprise that treating canola with Lumiderm offers a substantial increase in plant vigour, biomass and yield. Lumiderm demonstrates yield increase Bushels/Acre bu/ac higher yield Standard Treatment 52 Standard Lumiderm + Standard Source: Grower Demo Strips, Western Canada, Lumiderm treated seed 93

96 NOTES 94

97 PERFORMANCE Consider this your go-to guide for crop protection with helpful information and tips on crop staging, herbicide groups, resistance management and more.

98 Arylex Active Dow AgroSciences is redefining weed control performance with Arylex active for more good spray days and less stress. WHY CHOOSE ARYLEX ACTIVE? Why have growers chosen NEW Paradigm and Pixxaro over the last two years? In one word GO. Arylex active has enabled growers to GO when they need to be spraying in wheat and barley. We re redefining weed control performance with a new class of synthetic auxins. This powerful new class with Group 4 mode of action delivers growers new and much needed benefits Arylex active GO benefits plus unparalleled weed control for more good spray days and less stress. We know weed control is what you expect; what you really need is to get it done. Paradigm, Pixxaro and NEW Rexade (wheat only) and Cirpreme herbicides get spraying done with unparalleled performance in wheat and barley and these Arylex active GO benefits: Confidence in consistency. The very best weed control possible in all conditions spray when you want in the conditions you ve got. Risk and time management. Flexibility works across your weather conditions and crop stages. Convenience through innovation. Very low application rates and a new easy-to-use formulation in Paradigm featuring GoDRI RDT (Rapid Dispersion Technology). 96

99 Arylex Active HOW ARYLEX ACTIVE WORKS When plants are stressed by weather, movement of herbicides within the plant can be inhibited. The new Group 4, Arylex active synthetic auxin chemistry enables Paradigm, Pixxaro, Rexade and Cirpreme herbicides to move through the plant and be effective even under stressful conditions setting them apart from other herbicides. The products control weeds from the 1- to 8-leaf stage, resulting in maximum flexibility for your spray program. Pixxaro, Paradigm and NEW Rexade and Cirpreme all deliver Arylex active GO benefits making them the easy choice for weed control in wheat and barley. (See individual product pages for specific product details.) Visit dowagro.ca for more information on Paradigm, Pixxaro, Rexade and Cirpreme. 97

100 Performance CROP STAGING Effective in-crop spraying depends on an accurate assessment of your cereal crop s growth stage. 2-leaf stage 2 leaves (L) unfolded. Third leaf present, yet to fully expand. Suitable for spraying many herbicides (too early for 3-leaf stage). 4-leaf stage 3 leaves fully expanded and fourth leaf unfolding. First tiller (T1) appears from between lower leaf and the main shoot. Suitable stage for spraying at the 3- to 4-leaf stage. 6-leaf stage 5 leaves fully expanded and sixth leaf unfolding. Tillers come from the base where leaves join the stem and continue to form, usually until there are 5 leaves on the main shoot. Secondary roots developing. Suitable for spraying many herbicides (except those labelled for use up to 5-leaf stage). 98

101 Performance Fully tillered stage Usually no more tillers form after the very young head starts forming in the main tiller. Tillering is complete when first node detected at base of main stem. Many herbicides can be sprayed up to the end of tillering. Start of jointing Jointing, or node formation, starts at the end of tillering. Small swellings joints form at the bottom of the main tiller. Heads continue developing and can be seen by dissecting a stem. Early boot stage The last leaf to form the flag leaf appears on top of the extended stem. The developing head can be felt as a swelling in the stem. No herbicide should be applied at this stage. Source: Adapted from Weed control in winter crops New South Wales government. 99

102 Performance BEST PRACTICES FOR SPRAYER CLEAN-OUT To avoid injury to desirable plants, thoroughly clean spray equipment before applying other products. Step one Immediately after spraying, completely drain the sprayer tank and flush the tank and booms with clean water. Step two Spray the inside of the tank with clean water and fill the sprayer with at least one tenth of the spray tank volume. Agitate and circulate for 15 minutes then flush solution through filters, booms and hoses and open ball valves at the end of boom sections. Flush entire tank contents through the open booms. Step three Remove all filters, screens and nozzles that come in contact with spray solution and clean them thoroughly with a cleaner containing detergents and decontaminators such as All Clear Spray Tank Cleaner (or an equivalent). Fill the sprayer with at least one tenth of the spray tank volume. Add All Clear Spray Tank Cleaner at the recommended rates based on the amount of water you have in the tank. Using higher rates of cleaner at 1% to 2% v/v has been shown to improve cleaning effectiveness for a more thorough cleanse. Agitate, charge the booms and let stand for 15 minutes. Step four Rinse the tank with clean water and flush through the booms and hoses using at least one tenth of the spray tank volume. Flush the entire tank contents through the spray booms. Remove end caps or open ball valves at the ends of each boom section. Reinstall all filters, screens and nozzles that have been cleaned. 100

103 Performance MULTI-MODE OF ACTION The importance of Multi-Mode of Action Managing the spread of herbicide resistance is important on all farms in Western Canada. Research now points to the use of multiple modes of action in one herbicide application as a more effective strategy to manage resistance than rotating between herbicide groups. Growers should consider using Multi-Mode of Action products as an essential component of an integrated weed management strategy. Multi-Mode of Action products contain two or more active ingredients with different modes of action that deliver overlapping control on the same target weeds. It s important to ensure the different active ingredients control the same target weed. How weeds develop resistance Herbicide resistance develops mainly through the consistent use of one herbicide group over time. The selection of resistant weeds within the susceptible weed population can occur over several applications and/or production seasons, even while growing different crops. Each season, a weed that has herbicide resistance increases its seed as a percentage of the population relative to the controlled weeds. The cycle continues until it overtakes the field. It s a growing problem Herbicide resistance is spreading in Western Canada. Manage it effectively using Multi-Mode of Action products. An estimated 20% of fields in Western Canada have at least one resistant weed species present, and the number of resistant weed problems continues to grow. 1 Examples include: Group 1 and 2 resistant wild oats Group 1 and 3 resistant green foxtail Group 2 and 9 resistant kochia Group 2 resistant wild mustard Group 2 resistant chickweed, cleavers and hemp-nettle Take action. Use an integrated weed management approach Scout your fields before and after spraying to locate individual weeds or plant patches not controlled by your herbicide. A miss could mean a spray application error or herbicide resistance, so it should be monitored closely. Test suspicious weeds with the help of a retailer, crop consultant or extension service. If you find resistant weed populations, manage them effectively so they do not spread. 1 Source: Blackshaw,

104 Performance Remove patches of non or poorly controlled weeds by hand. Time spent removing weeds is much less than the effort required to control them in the future. Use Multi-Mode of Action herbicides. Rotate herbicide groups from one season to the next. Continuous use of the same active ingredient group will inevitably lead to herbicide resistance. Change your management strategy regularly to keep weed populations off balance. Some suggestions include: do a pre-seed burndown at a different time than usual, choose later or earlier maturing crops, switch to forages, grow a fall seeded crop, or use integrated practices to help crops get ahead of weeds. Applying a product with multiple modes of action helps prevent weed escapes, because any weed in a plant population that is tolerant to one mode of action will be controlled by the second mode. This reduces the likelihood that resistant plants will survive and multiply. If no resistant weeds are present, Multi-Mode of Action herbicide use will further delay resistance development. If a weed species is already resistant to one of the two active ingredients in an herbicide mix, then multi-mode no longer applies as only one active ingredient is controlling the weed. 102

105 Performance MODE OF ACTION Two or more active ingredients with different modes - Overlapping control on the same target weeds - Greatly reduces the opportunity for resistant weeds to escape, survive and reproduce HERBICIDE ACTIVITY WEED RESISTANCE LEVELS * Multi-Mode of Action Two or more active ingredients with different modes - No overlapping control on target weeds - Increases the opportunity for resistant weeds to escape, survive and reproduce Single active ingredient - No overlapping control on target weeds - Increases the opportunity for resistant weeds to escape, survive and reproduce Generations Single Mode of Action Frequency of resistant weeds (%) Frequency of resistant weeds (%) Generations Frequency of resistant weeds (%) - Rotation with different herbicide groups will delay onset of resistance - Rotation with different herbicide groups will delay onset of resistance A B A B A No Herbicide Rotation No Herbicide Rotation With Herbicide Rotation No Herbicide Rotation With Herbicide Rotation Generations * Adapted from: Powles, S.B., Preston, C., Bryan, I.B., and Jutsum, A.R., (1997) Herbicide Resistance: Impact and Management. Advances in Agronomy: Vol. 58, pp Herbicide rotation alone will delay the onset of resistance; however, incorporating Multi-Mode of Action products in conjunction with rotation is a more effective resistance management strategy. The graphs depicting frequency of resistant weeds over generations is a hypothetical example valid only for the modeled parameters. Actual rates of weed resistance development and increase are dependent on a variety of conditions, including the weed species, propensity for outcrossing, seed dormancy, mode of inheritance of the resistance trait, herbicide mode of action and herbicide efficacy. 103

106 Performance Group 1 Mode of Action ACCase Inhibitors Chemical family Active ingredients Examples of brand names Aryloxyphenoxy proprionate clodinafop propargyl Horizon, Harmony brands, Traxos (FOP) fenoxaprop-p-ethyl Puma, Tundra quizalofop-p-ethyl Assure II Cyclohexanediones (DIM) tralkoxydim Liquid Achieve sethoxydim Poast tepraloxydim Equinox clethodim Centurion Phenylpyrazolin (DEN) pinoxaden Axial, Traxos Group 2 Mode of Action ALS/AHAS Inhibitors Chemical family Imidazolinones IMIs Sulfonylureas SUs Active ingredients Examples of brand names Half life Primary factors affecting degradation imazamethabenz Assert days Soil ph imazamox Solo, Viper days (lower ph = residual) imazethapyr Pursuit days Organic matter imazamox + Odyssey DLX days Soil moisture imazethapyr imazamox + imazapyr Ares 30 days Ally, Express Pro Express SG Refine SG Triazolopyrimidines florasulam PrePass Frontline XL Spectrum Stellar pyroxsulam Simplicity GoDRI Rexade, Tandem metsulfuronmethyl thifensulfuronmethyl thifensulfuronmethyl + tribenuronmethyl Sulfonylaminocarbonyl triazolinones Triazolones flucarbazone sodium thiencarbazonemethyl Everest Sierra Velocity m3 Varro days 10 days days 3-5 soil temp of 20 C 3 days Soil ph (higher ph = residual Organic matter Soil moisture Soil temperature (low soil temps = residual) days Soil Moisture (low soil H 2 O = residual) Organic Matter 17 days Soil ph Organic Matter

107 Performance Group 4 Mode of Action Synthetic Auxins Chemical family Active ingredients Examples of brand names Phenoxyalkanoic phenoxy 2,4-D, MCPA Benzoic acids Dicamba Banvel II, DyVel, Pulsar, Distinct, Target Quinoline-Carboxylic acids Quinclorac Triton C Quinmerac Pyridine-Carboxylic acids Fluroxypyr OcTTain, Stellar, Prestige, Tandem Clopyralid Cirpreme, Lontrel, Prestige, Rexade Aminopyralid Reclaim II Picloram Grazon Arylpicolinate Arylex Cirpreme, Pixxaro, Paradigm, Rexade CENTURION is a registered trademarks of Arysta LifeScience North America Corporation. EVEREST and SELECT are registered trademarks of Arysta LifeScience North America, LLC. BANVEL, DISTINCT and DYVEL are registered trade-marks of BASF Corporation. Clearfield is a registered trademark of BASF Agrochemical Products B.V. ARES is a trade-mark and ODYSSEY, PURSUIT and VIPER are registered trade-marks of BASF Agrochemical Products B.V. EQUINOX, POAST and SOLO are registered trade-marks of BASF SE. BUCTRIL, PARDNER Herbicide, PUMA, VARRO and VELOCITY are registered trademarks of Bayer CropScience. Thumper and Tundra are registered trademarks of the Bayer Group. Roundup, Roundup Ready and Roundup WeatherMAX are registered trademarks of Monsanto Technology LLC, Monsanto Canada, Inc. licensee. Ally, Assure, Express, Harmony, Refine, Refine Extra and Triton are registered trademarks or trademarks of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company or its affiliates. Assert, Mextrol and Trophy are registered trademarks of Nufarm Agriculture Inc. AXIAL, HORIZON, PULSAR, SIERRA, TARGET, TILT, TOUCHDOWN and TRAXOS are registered trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company. 105

108 Performance THISTLE CONTROL Yield losses due to Canada thistle infestation are greater than any other perennial broadleaf weed in Western Canada. WHY CONTROL CANADA THISTLE? Canada thistle is three times more competitive than wild oats. Yield losses up to 75% have been reported. In Western Canada research studies showed: 4.2 thistle shoots/square metre reduce wheat yields by 18% 6.7 thistle shoots/square metre reduce barley yields by 20% 14.2 thistle shoots/square metre reduce canola yields by 26% One Canada thistle plant can produce up to 5,000 seeds. Seeds can germinate 10 days after reaching maturity or remain dormant for 20 years in the soil. In one season, thistle roots spread horizontally as far as 6 metres in diameter and vertically as deep as 2.4 metres. SOLUTION: In-Crop Control In-crop treatments with Cirpreme, Prestige XC /XL, Spectrum, Salute, Eclipse XC or Lontrel XC hit thistles before they have a chance to compete all year, while also controlling many other broadleaf weeds. A single treatment of Cirpreme, Prestige XC /XL, Spectrum or Lontrel XC delivers a 73% thistle stand reduction in the year after application. The optimum time to control Canada thistle with in-crop herbicides is prior to flowering. By using a herbicide that translocates well, such as Cirpreme, Prestige XC /XL, Salute, Spectrum, Eclipse XC or Lontrel XC, a thistle infestation may be significantly reduced with one application, preserving yield in the current and following year. 106

109 Performance BROME CONTROL Downy and Japanese brome are spreading across the prairie provinces, competing strongly for yield in all major crops. WHY CONTROL BROME? Downy brome is a strong competitor in winter wheat. Studies conducted in Lethbridge, Alberta indicate that it can reduce wheat yields up to 68%. Japanese brome can be found both as a winter or a spring annual, which makes it a versatile competitor in all cereal crops, including spring and winter wheat. SOLUTION: Rexade, Simplicity GoDRI and Tandem Only Rexade, Simplicity GoDRI and Tandem are registered for CONTROL of downy and Japanese brome in spring and winter wheat. How to identify downy brome Downy brome, also known as cheatgrass, is a winter annual that germinates in the fall and overwinters in a vegetative state. Usually grows from 4 to 30 inches (10 to 76 cm) tall. 2 The leaf blades and sheaths are light green in colour and covered with fine, soft hairs. The plant often develops a purplish colour as it matures. The seed head panicles droop, have nodding spikelets, and are 2 to 6 inches (5 to 15 cm) long. 2 How to identify Japanese brome Japanese brome is similar in height to downy brome. Downy brome Japanese brome Like downy brome, the sheaths and leaves of Japanese brome are light green in colour with fine, soft hairs. Japanese brome normally maintains its green colour throughout its life cycle. The seed head panicle is often more erect than downy brome and the spikelet awns are often shorter (<1 cm). 1 Grande Prairie ALBERTA SASKATCHEWAN MANITOBA Edmonton North Battleford Prince Albert Red Deer Saskatoon Calgary Kindersley Yorkton Dauphin Lethbridge Medicine Hat Swift Current Maple Creek Regina Moose Jaw Moosomin Brandon Winnipeg Weyburn Downy Brome 1 Source: Blackshaw, K.G. Beck, Colorado State University Downy Brome Japanese Brome 107 Japanese Brome

110 Performance CLASSIFICATION OF HERBICIDE GROUP NUMBERS BY RISK OF SELECTION FOR WEED RESISTANCE High 1 2 Moderate high 5 Moderate 3 8 Low moderate 7 22 Other Herbicide resistance development risk based on number of applications: High <10 Moderate Low >20 Low Adapted from Beckle, H.J., 2006 Herbicide Resistant Weeds: Management Tactics & Practices Weed Technology Vol. 20 Issue 3 (July-September) pp ( Other : all other herbicide groups that pose a low or moderate risk) 108

111 Performance 2,4-D AND MCPA RATES AND CONVERSIONS Conversion chart for 2,4-D and MCPA Active ingredient (oz/ac) Herbicide Concentration (g ai/l) Rate applied (ml/ac) Acres per 10 L jug 1 MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester MCPA Na salt MCPA K salt MCPA ester 2,4-D LV ester ,4-D/MCPA herbicide equivalencies Active ingredient Formulation (ml/ac) Coverage (acres/10 L jug) oz/ac Calculation rounding may have occurred. 109

112 NOTES 110

113 WEED GUIDE Take the guesswork out of weed identification. We ve included the grassy and broadleaf weeds that have been named as the top concerns for growers in Western Canada. For help solving any specific weed problems you face, call the Solutions Center at or visit dowagro.ca.

114 Weeds ABSINTHE WORMWOOD Growth habit: Perennial. Competitive ability: None reported. Typical crop losses: May cause quality losses due to strong sage odour. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: New infestations generally start from seedlings. Untreated plants re-grow from soil level each spring. AMERICAN DRAGONHEAD Growth habit: Annual, biennial. Competitive ability: A serious competitor in cultivated field crops. Plants produce up to 500 seeds. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Stems are erect, branched and square. Flowers are blue to purple. Juveniles are often confused with henbit and hemp-nettle. ANNUAL SOW THISTLE Growth habit: Annual, winter annual. Competitive ability: Very strong. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Annual sow thistle is easily mistaken for perennial sow thistle. 112

115 Weeds BARNYARD GRASS Growth habit: Annual grass, spread by seed. Competitive ability: Less competitive than wild oats; more competitive in cereals than wild millet. Less competitive if it emerges into a vigorous crop. 1 Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: Resistance to atrazine reported. Additional information: Prefers warm, moist soils. Seeds float and are easily spread by water. Resembles green foxtail at early growth stages. BLACK MEDIC Growth habit: Annual. Competitive ability: Low; thrives on bare ground; grows rapidly and varies greatly in size. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: This plant will flush through the season, so re-infestation from plants germinating after herbicide application may be high. CANADA FLEABANE (Horseweed) Growth habit: Annual, winter annual. Competitive ability: The seed has a pappus (parachute) so it can be carried by wind for long distances. More competitive under reduced tillage situations. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: Resistance to Group 22 (paraquat) reported in Ontario. Resistance to Group 9 (glyphosate) is reported in Ontario and numerous states in the U.S. Additional information: Many seedlings emerge in the fall forming rosettes that overwinter. Can range in height from 7.5 to 180 cm tall. Number of seeds produced is proportional to the plant s height. 113

116 Weeds CANADA THISTLE Growth habit: Perennial. Competitive ability: Very strong. Typical crop losses: A light infestation of six thistles per square metre can cause 18% yield loss in wheat. 2 Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: An extensive root system allows Canada thistle to survive in spite of aggressive top growth control. Apply herbicide at the rosette to pre bud stage to maximize herbicide translocation to the roots. CHICKWEED Growth habit: Annual, winter annual. Competitive ability: Moderate to strong. Seedling crops can be smothered when chickweed forms a mat and covers them. 2 Typical crop losses: If weather is cool and wet, chickweed will grow on swaths, delay drying time and make crop pick-up difficult. 2 Resistance issues: Reported resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides. Additional information: Due to the nature of chickweed growth, additional flushes may grow and be present at harvest. CLEAVERS Growth habit: Annual, winter annual. Competitive ability: Moderate (cereals) to strong (canola, pulses). Typical crop losses: No data is available in cereals. In canola, there is a 20% yield loss at 100 plants per square metre. 2 Resistance issues: Reported resistance to Group 2 herbicides. Additional information: Cleavers seed is difficult to separate from canola seed; even a few seeds may severely downgrade canola. Rotate cereals with canola to manage cleavers during the cereal rotation

117 Weeds COCKLEBUR Growth habit: Annual, reproducing by large seed. Competitive ability: Very competitive in broadleaf crops. Typical crop losses: Infestations in bean crops can cause severe (60% to 70%) losses due to reduced yield, increased moisture content of beans at harvest, and the presence of foreign material. 1 Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Mature cocklebur can grow to 1 m high. Triangular shaped leaves; produces rough burs 1.5 to 2 cm long. COMMON GROUNDSEL Growth habit: Annual, winter annual, occasionally biennial. Competitive ability: Can be a strong competitor in pulse and forage crops, so should be controlled in cereal and oilseed crops. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: It grows well in pastures and vegetable crops, and can be toxic to horses, pigs and cattle. CORN SPURRY Growth habit: Annual. Competitive ability: None reported, assumed to be low. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: Naturally tolerant to 2,4-D and MCPA. Additional information: Needle-like leaves grow in whorls. Young corn spurry plants may be confused with field horsetail. Field horsetail stems are jointed with black-tipped bracts surrounding the nodes. 115

118 Weeds COW COCKLE Growth habit: Annual. Competitive ability: No data available. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Narrow, elongated smooth cotyledons on a short stock. First true leaves appear in a pair showing a crease down the centre. Stems and leaves feel thick and leather like. Flowers are pink in color. Looks similar to nightflowering catchfly and white cockle. CURLED DOCK Growth habit: Perennial. Competitive ability: High level of salt tolerance, may out-compete crops in saline areas. Typical crop losses: May contaminate cereal seed. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Reproduces mainly by seeds, but can also reproduce by taproot fragments. Most often found in higher-moisture soils, e.g. near slough edges. DANDELION Growth habit: Perennial. Competitive ability: Strong to very strong (especially on bare ground 2 ); becoming a major concern in reduced tillage. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Focus on control measures to destroy the long taproot. In-crop control is critical. The seedling can be confused with narrow-leaved hawk s-beard. 116

119 Weeds DOWNY BROME Growth habit: Annual, winter annual. Competitive ability: Strong. A prolific seed producer, seeds can remain dormant for many years. Typical crop losses: May reduce wheat yields up to 92%. 2 Resistance issues: Resistance reported to herbicide Groups 1 and 2 in the U.S. Additional information: An aggressive species that invades cropland, pastures and rangeland. Seed spread is primarily through contaminated grain, hay, straw, manure and farm machinery. FIELD BINDWEED Growth habit: Twining perennial; reproduces by both roots and seed. Competitive ability: High. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: May be confused with wild buckwheat. Has an arrowshaped leaf with blunt tips, while wild buckwheat has an arrow-shaped leaf with a pointy tip. FIELD DOCK Growth habit: Perennial. Competitive ability: Has a deep taproot. Overwinters as a rosette, producing new buds in the spring. Mature plant produces an abundance of seed. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Field dock is more abundant on the Prairies than curled dock; similar in appearance to western dock, a non-weedy species. 117

120 Weeds FIELD HORSETAIL Growth habit: Perennial, reproducing by spores. Competitive ability: Can be a strong competitor in poorly drained areas. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: A survivor from prehistoric times, its unusual biology makes it difficult to control with any method. Additional information: Can be toxic to livestock. Similar to corn spurry when mature, it has an extensive tuber-bearing creeping root system. FIELD PANSIES (Field violets, johnny jump-ups) Growth habit: Native annual, can also act as a winter annual. Competitive ability: No data available; assumed low. Typical crop losses: No data available; assumed low. Resistance issues: Research shows field pansies are naturally tolerant to 2,4-D, MCPB, dicamba, dichlorprop and mecoprop, and only slightly affected by MCPA. Additional information: Similar to garden pansies, and also known as field violet, wild pansy, johnny jump-up or hearts-ease. FLIXWEED Growth habit: Annual, winter annual. Competitive ability: Overwintered rosettes are strong competitors that grow rapidly in spring and use valuable moisture. Spring-emerged seedlings are not good competitors. 2, 3 Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: A member of the mustard family often confused with tansy mustard. Tansy mustard seed pods are shorter and fatter than flixweed s long, slender pods. 118

121 Weeds FOXTAIL BARLEY Growth habit: Perennial, reproducing by seeds. Competitive ability: Very competitive with crops in saline areas. Typical crop losses: Can harbour wheat rust and blackstem rust, which can infect and damage crops. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Spreads quickly because seed heads are well suited to wind dispersal and seedlings develop quickly. Due to narrow leaf structure, there are benefits from higher herbicide rates. Apply to actively growing plants. GOAT S-BEARD Growth habit: Biennial to short-lived perennial with a long taproot. Competitive ability: Airborne seeds can colonize bare ground or stressed crops/ pastures, then canopy over desirable vegetation. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Milky juice, grass-like leaves, dandelion-type flower heads (but larger and with flat tops). Reproduces by seeds that travel long distances on milkweed-like parachutes. GREEN FOXTAIL (Wild millet) Growth habit: Annual grass. Competitive ability: Poor competitor unless it grows in dense patches. 1 Typical crop losses: Can reduce yields by 10% to 15% when wheat is planted late. 1 Resistance issues: Confirmed resistance to Group 1 and Group 3 herbicides. Additional information: Resembles barnyard grass at early growth stages. 119

122 Weeds HAIRY NIGHTSHADE Growth habit: Annual. Competitive ability: Can be extremely competitive with pulse crops. Competes through high seed production (2,500 to 5,000 per plant). 4 Typical crop losses: Berries increase dockage. Plant produces a sticky substance that can clog equipment. Resistance issues: No data available. Additional information: Star-shaped white flowers similar to potato or tomato. Plant contains alkaloids that can poison humans and livestock. May be confused with black nightshade or black henbane. HEMP-NETTLE Growth habit: Annual. Competitive ability: Strong. Typical crop losses: High densities of hemp-nettle can result in wheat yield losses of 39%. 2 Resistance issues: Resistance to Group 2 has been reported. Additional information: The stem is square and covered with downward pointing, bristly hairs. Hemp-nettle cotyledons have distinct notches at the top. HENBIT Growth habit: Annual, winter annual. Competitive ability: Poor. The plant reproduces by seed; each plant produces up to Germinates at shallow depths; roots are shallow and fibrous. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Henbit is not common in cultivated crops; it is more common in row crops, gardens and waste areas. Poisonous to livestock. Square stems are branched from the base. 120

123 Weeds JAPANESE BROME Growth habit: Annual, winter annual. Competitive ability: Aggressive. Reproduces by seed which may germinate in the fall under moist conditions. In dry conditions, it will adapt and grow as a spring annual. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Often confused with downy brome or foxtail barley. KOCHIA Growth habit: Annual. Competitive ability: Strong, especially in dry and/or saline soils. Shallow germination. Can establish in low soil moisture conditions. Typical crop losses: In severe infestations, kochia has been known to create up to 100% yield loss. 2 Resistance issues: Reported to have widespread resistance to Group 2 and localized resistance to Group 9. Additional information: Stays green into fall, which can lead to harvesting difficulties. Its erect, much-branched stem is often purple-striped. LAMB S-QUARTERS Growth habit: Annual. Extremely variable growth structure. Competitive ability: Moderate to strong. Typical crop losses: High density populations can reduce barley yields 20% to 23%. 2 Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Often confused with redroot pigweed. Seedlings can be distinguished by a covering of silver particles, conspicuous on the underside of leaves

124 Weeds NARROW-LEAVED HAWK S-BEARD Growth habit: Annual, winter annual. Competitive ability: The annual form competes with special crops, cereals and oilseeds. Typical crop losses: The most serious infestations of this weed occur in weak crop stands. 2 Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: The seedling can be confused with dandelion, but dandelion leaves are broader, with deeper lobes, and are darker green in colour. NIGHT-FLOWERING CATCHFLY Growth habit: Annual, winter annual, reproducing by seeds. Competitive ability: No data available in field crops, assumed to be low. Competes well in pastures because it is unpalatable to livestock. Typical crop losses: Impurity in clover and forage seed. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Stems and leaves are covered with hairs, making herbicide uptake more difficult. Often mistaken for cow cockle and white cockle, but leaves are hairy and the plant is sticky when squeezed. PERENNIAL SOW THISTLE Growth habit: Perennial. Competitive ability: Very strong. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Perennial sow thistle has a branching root system and larger flowers. It is often confused with annual sow thistle, which is tap rooted and has much smaller flowers, or spiny annual sow thistle, which has sharp, spiny leaves and smaller flowers

125 Weeds PRICKLY LETTUCE Growth habit: Annual, winter annual, biennial. Competitive ability: Reproduces by seed which is dispersed by wind. Typical crop losses: This is a serious weed in cropland that can reduce crop yields drastically. Resistance issues: Resistance to Group 2 (ALS inhibitors) has been reported in three U.S. states. 4 Additional information: Oblong leaves are sharp toothed to prickly and often point east and west. The plant has a deep taproot, stems are hollow and grow up to 1.8 m high. Cattle that consume large amounts can develop the respiratory condition pulmonary emphysema. PROSTRATE KNOTWEED Growth habit: Annual, stems will spread flat over the ground in open areas. Competitive ability: Tough, deep penetrating taproot allows the plant to thrive in dry, compacted soils. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Most commonly found along roadsides and in waste areas, but also a problem under irrigation. Inconspicuous pinkish flowers are borne in the leaf axils. QUACKGRASS Growth habit: Perennial grass spread mainly by rhizomes on the extensive root system. Competitive ability: Very strong. Rhizomes secrete a toxic substance that suppresses growth of surrounding plants. Quackgrass thrives under cool, moist conditions. Typical crop losses: 1 shoot per square metre can reduce wheat yield by 10%. 1 Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Usually occurs in dense patches, but can spread rapidly via underground rhizomes. Scout for patches encroaching from field borders or headlands. Apply herbicide to plants with active growth. 123

126 Weeds REDROOT PIGWEED Growth habit: Annual. Competitive ability: Strong competitor for nitrogen and moisture. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: Group 2 resistance has been reported in Eastern Canada. Additional information: Often confused with lamb s-quarters. Seedlings are bright green, with bright red undersides of cotyledons and base of stem. Lamb s quarters seedlings are silvery-green. 2 ROUND-LEAVED MALLOW Growth habit: Annual, winter annual, biennial, perennial. Competitive ability: Moderate to strong, especially in manured fields. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: This weed tends to dominate in soils with lush organic matter, whether from peat or added manure. RUSSIAN THISTLE Growth habit: Annual. Competitive ability: Moderate to strong. Typical crop losses: 4 to 52 plants per square metre can reduce spring wheat yields by 20% to 48%. 2 When Russian thistle emerges after the crop, yield losses are less significant. Resistance issues: Reported resistance to Group 2 herbicides. Additional information: Young leaves are needle-like with soft pointed tips. Mature plants break off at the stem and tumble in the wind to spread seed. 124

127 Weeds SCENTLESS CHAMOMILE Growth habit: Annual, winter annual, short-lived perennial. Competitive ability: Moderate to strong. Competes most in cool, moist environments. 3 Typical crop losses: In spring wheat, moderate densities can reduce yield 35% in cool, wet years. 3 Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Overwintered winter annual plants can become large, bushy and extremely competitive. SHEPHERD S PURSE Growth habit: Annual, winter annual. Competitive ability: Weak to moderate. Typical crop losses: No data available. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Relatively easy to control in cereal crops. SMARTWEED (Lady s-thumb) Growth habit: Annual. Competitive ability: Moderate to very strong. Typical crop losses: In spring wheat, moderate to high population densities can cause yield losses of 28% to 58%. 1 Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Naturally tolerant to 2,4-D and MCPA. Under an advanced wheat canopy, its competitive nature is substantially reduced

128 Weeds STINKWEED Growth habit: Annual, winter annual. Competitive ability: Very strong. 3 Typical crop losses: No definitive data available, but usually low. 2 Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Control fall rosettes so seed is not formed early the following spring. Plants release an unpleasant odour when leaves are rubbed. STORK S-BILL Growth habit: Annual, winter annual, biennial. Competitive ability: Strong. Typical crop losses: Drought tolerant once established, so it can take over knolls, significantly reducing yield. 5 Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: A flexible life cycle allows it to adapt to reduced tillage production systems. Problems are currently isolated, but serious where established. 5 TARTARY BUCKWHEAT Growth habit: Annual. Competitive ability: Moderate to strong. Typical crop losses: In wheat, it is similar to wild buckwheat where moderate population densities can result in yield losses of 10% to 12%. 2 Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Can be a serious quality contaminant in cereals. Tartary buckwheat stems are erect, unlike the twining, trailing stems of wild buckwheat. 126

129 Weeds TOADFLAX Growth habit: Perennial, spread by seeds and a creeping root system. Competitive ability: Strong, due to extensive creeping root system. Seeds germinate from shallow depths. Seedlings emerge throughout the season. Typical crop losses: In wheat, 7 toadflax stems per square foot can reduce yields by 20%. 3 Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Most in-crop herbicides will only suppress this weed. Toadflax leaves are stalkless and linear, similar to domestic flax. WHITE COCKLE Growth habit: Annual, winter annual, short-lived perennial, reproducing by seeds. Competitive ability: Low to medium. Typical crop losses: A common impurity in clover and forage seed. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Stems and leaves are covered in hairs, making herbicide uptake more difficult. Often mistaken for night-flowering catchfly and cow cockle. Night-flowering catchfly has glandular hairs and is sticky when squeezed. WILD BUCKWHEAT Growth habit: Annual. Competitive ability: Moderate to strong. Typical crop losses: In wheat, moderate population densities can cause yield loss of 10% to 12%. 2 Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Competes aggressively in canola, so take advantage of control options during cereal rotations. Creates significant harvest problems if stems twine around equipment. May be confused with field bindweed. 127

130 Weeds WILD MUSTARD Growth habit: Annual. Competitive ability: Very strong. Typical crop losses: At 50 plants per square metre, yield losses can be 16% in wheat and 74% in flax. 3 Resistance issues: Resistance to Group 2 herbicides has been reported. Additional information: Very similar to canola. Short, stiff hairs on main stem are an identifying feature. WILD OATS Growth habit: Annual grass. Competitive ability: Intermediate competitiveness with wheat, less competitive with good stands of barley and canola. Typical crop losses: 10 plants per square metre can reduce wheat, barley and canola yields by 10%. 1 Resistance issues: Resistance to Group 1 herbicides is serious and widespread. Resistance has also been confirmed to Groups 2 and 8. Additional information: Check low spots carefully, as wild oats prefer moist soil. New flushes of growth occur throughout the year after rainfall. 128

131 Weeds YELLOW FOXTAIL Growth habit: Annual grass. Competitive ability: Reproduces by seed only. Typical crop losses: In wheat, moderate population densities can cause yield loss of 16%. 1 Resistance issues: Resistance reported to Group 5 herbicides. Additional information: Distinguished from other foxtails by prominent silky, kinky hairs on the upper surface of the leaf blade near the stem. YELLOW WHITLOW-GRASS Growth habit: Annual, winter annual. Competitive ability: Commonly found on dry, sandy soils; each plant produces up to 2,500 seeds. 3 Typical crop losses: Data not available. Resistance issues: None reported. Additional information: Commonly found in fields under reduced tillage, but also appears in forage crops, hay fields and on rangeland. Early spring growth competes with crop seedlings for moisture and nutrients. Its yellow flowers appear early in spring. Data References: 1 Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives 2 Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development 3 Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food 4 B.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Lands 5 Saskatchewan Soil Conservation Association Photo sources: Bruce Ackley, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org Peter Smith, University of Guelph Green Thumb Photography Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California Davis, Bugwood.org Ohio State Weed Lab Archive, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org Photo Al Schneider, swcoloradowildflowers.com 129

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134 You can download the 2018 Dow AgroSciences Field Guide App for iphone, ipad or Android. For further information please call our agronomists at the Solutions Center at or tweet us Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company ( Dow ) or an affiliated company of Dow. As with all crop protection products, read and follow label instructions carefully. Member of CropLife Canada. Unless indicated, trademarks with, or sm are trademarks of DuPont or affiliates DuPont. 11/