96 Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology

Transcription

1 96 Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology Series Editor: T. Scheper Editorial Board: W.Babel I.Endo S.-O.Enfors A.Fiechter M.Hoare W.-S.Hu B. Mattiasson J. Nielsen H. Sahm K. Schügerl G. Stephanopoulos U. von Stockar G. T. Tsao C. Wandrey J.-J. Zhong

2 Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology Series Editor: T. Scheper Recently Published and Forthcoming Volumes Biotechnology for the Future Volume Editor: Nielsen, J. Vol. 100, 2005 Gene Therapy and Gene Delivery Systems Volume Editors: Schaffer, D., Zhou, W. Vol. 99, 2005 Sterile Filtration Volume Editor: Jornitz, M. W. Vol. 98, 2006 Marine Biotechnology II Volume Editors: Le Gal, Y., Ulber, R. Vol. 97, 2005 Marine Biotechnology I Volume Editors: Le Gal, Y., Ulber, R. Vol. 96, 2005 Microscopy Techniques Volume Editor: Rietdorf, J. Vol. 95, 2005 Regenerative Medicine II Clinical and Preclinical Applications Volume Editor: Yannas, I. V. Vol. 94, 2005 Regenerative Medicine I Theories, Models and Methods Volume Editor: Yannas, I. V. Vol. 93, 2005 Technology Transfer in Biotechnology VolumeEditor:Kragl,U. Vol. 92, 2005 Recent Progress of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering in Japan II Volume Editor: Kobayashi, T. Vol. 91, 2004 Recent Progress of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering in Japan I Volume Editor: Kobayashi, T. Vol. 90, 2004 Physiological Stress Responses in Bioprocesses Volume Editor: Enfors, S.-O. Vol. 89, 2004 Molecular Biotechnology of Fungal β-lactam Antibiotics and Related Peptide Synthetases Volume Editor: Brakhage, A. Vol. 88, 2004 Biomanufacturing Volume Editor: Zhong, J.-J. Vol. 87, 2004 New Trends and Developments in Biochemical Engineering Vol. 86, 2004 Biotechnology in India II Volume Editors: Ghose, T. K., Ghosh, P. Vol. 85, 2003 Biotechnology in India I Volume Editors: Ghose, T. K., Ghosh, P. Vol. 84, 2003 Proteomics of Microorganisms Volume Editors: Hecker, M., Müllner, S. Vol. 83, 2003 Biomethanation II Volume Editor: Ahring, B. K. Vol. 82, 2003 Biomethanation I Volume Editor: Ahring, B. K. Vol. 81, 2003

3 Marine Biotechnology I Volume Editors: Yves Le Gal, Roland Ulber With contributions by G. Antranikian S. Barindra G. Barnathan J.-P. Bergé C. Bertoldo G. Debashish F. Guérard M. Joydeep M. Lalk Y. Le Gal U.Lindequist S.Malay T.Matsunaga H.Miyashita T.Schweder D. Sellos H. Takeyama C. E. Vorgias H. Yokouchi 123

4 The series Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics and material science. It is adressed to all scientists at universities and in industry who wish to keep abreast of advances in the topics covered. As a rule, contributions are specially commissioned. The editors and publishers will, however, always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary information. Papers are accepted for Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology in English. In references Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology is abbeviated Adv Biochem Engin/Biotechnol and is cited as a journal. Springer WWW home page: Visit the ABE content at Library of Congress Control Number: ISSN ISBN Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York DOI /b This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Printed in Germany The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Design & Production GmbH, Heidelberg Typesetting and Production: LE-TEX Jelonek, Schmidt& VöcklerGbR, Leipzig Printed on acid-free paper 02/3141 YL

5 Series Editor Prof. Dr. T. Scheper Institute of Technical Chemistry University of Hannover Callinstraße Hannover,Germany scheper@iftc.uni-hannover.de Volume Editors Prof. Dr. Roland Ulber Fachbereich Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str., Gebäude 44/ Kaiserslautern, Germany ulber@mv.uni-kl.de Prof. Yves Le Gal Station de Biologie Marine Muséum National d Histoire Naturelle PlacedelaCroix,BP Concarneau cedex, France ylegal@mnhn.fr, ylegal@voonoo.net Editorial Board Prof. Dr. W. Babel Section of Environmental Microbiology Leipzig-Halle GmbH Permoserstraße Leipzig, Germany babel@umb.ufz.de Prof. Dr. S.-O. Enfors Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 34, Stockholm, Sweden enfors@biotech.kth.se Prof. Dr. M. Hoare Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London Torrington Place London,WC1E7JE,UK m.hoare@ucl.ac.uk Prof. Dr. I. Endo Faculty of Agriculture Dept. of Bioproductive Science Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Utsunomiya University Mine-cho 350, Utsunomiya-shi Tochigi , Japan endo@cel.riken.go.jp

6 VI Prof. Dr. A. Fiechter Institute of Biotechnology Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule ETH-Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich, Switzerland Prof. W.-S. Hu Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis, MN , USA Prof. Dr. B. Mattiasson Department of Biotechnology Chemical Center, Lund University P.O. Box 124, Lund, Sweden Prof. Dr. H. Sahm Institute of Biotechnolgy Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich, Germany Prof. Dr. G. Stephanopoulos Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA , USA Prof. Dr. G. T. Tsao Director Lab. of Renewable Resources Eng. A. A. Potter Eng. Center Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Prof. Dr. J.-J. Zhong State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai , China Prof. J. Nielsen Center for Process Biotechnology Technical University of Denmark Building Lyngby, Denmark Prof. Dr. K. Schügerl Editorial Board Institute of Technical Chemistry University of Hannover, Callinstraße Hannover, Germany schuegerl@iftc.uni-hannover.de Prof. Dr. U. von Stockar Laboratoire de Génie Chimique et Biologique (LGCB), Départment de Chimie Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland urs.vonstockar@epfl.ch Prof. Dr. C. Wandrey Institute of Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich, Germany c.wandrey@fz-juelich.de

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8 Attention all Users of the Springer Handbook of Enzymes Information on this handbook can be found on the internet at springeronline.com A complete list of all enzyme entries either as an alphabetical Name Index or as the EC-Number Index is available at the above mentioned URL. You can download and print them free of charge. A complete list of all synonyms (more than 25,000 entries) used for the enzymes is available in print form (ISBN X). Save 15% We recommend a standing order for the series to ensure you automatically receive all volumes and all supplements and save 15% on the list price.

9 Preface Oceans, which occupy up to two thirds of the surface of our planet, were not really approached from scientific point of view until the second half of the 19 th century and even the 20 th with regard to microbial and unicellular life. Today, the importance of marine biodiversity has been fully recognized. It is, indeed, one of the aspects which, over the two past decades, have made a major contribution to our knowledge and vision of the living planet. Marine organisms make up a very large collection of living beings, of which the number of species is likely to exceed that of land species by several orders of magnitude. However, the major interest in marine living systems is mainly linked to the exceptional diversity of molecular structures, of chemical interactions reflecting a long evolutionary history and also the fact that marine life spreads within multiple and complex three-dimensional spaces. From a very practical and trivial point of view, marine life can be seen as a huge reservoir of molecules which enable marine organisms to defend themselves, to communicate and, more generally, to survive and thrive. In a very broad sense, marine biotechnologies can be understood as being the various techniques of managing marine living systems for the profit of mankind. The domain covered by marine biotechnologies is vast and ranges over various overlapping disciplines, from developmental biology to the chemistry of natural substances and bioprocess engineering. Not all these fields, however, are ready for practical and industrial applications. Biomass from fishing or the aquaculture industry is, in fact, complex, geographically and seasonally dependent mixtures of compounds requiring adapted purification procedures. Furthermore, many natural substances, for which we do not know any terrestrial counterparts, and are, therefore, of the greatest interest, only exist in tiny amounts in rare biological species and their exploitation is likely to call for costly synthetic procedures. Originally, marine life was used essentially as a provider of biomass directly and indirectly for food. However, today, in the global context of the standstill of world fisheries, common sense requires us to upgrade and exploit the actual biomass better. This clearly means developing techniques for identifying the source of raw materials suitable for specific biomolecules, the design of processes and their scaling up from pilot plant to production processes.

10 X Preface Marine natural products not only display novel characteristics but also complexity in terms of chemical structures. Isolation and structure elucidation represents only the tip of the iceberg. The question of the functionality of new isolated molecules within the perspective of challenging major public health and environmental problems is crucial. In this domain, ecological and evolutionary approaches should help the classical screening systems for determining the right target systems. In addition, a better understanding of the complex interactions between macro and micro organisms is necessary for us to be able to use these resources for industrial purposes. Thus, more and more groups are focussing on the field of bioprocess engineering and downstream processing in marine biotechnology. This volume of Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology illustrates several topics in line with the following broad objectives: thinking of marine biotechnology as the controlled production and use of marine organisms and molecules for useful purposes, firstly by exploring aspects of marine biodiversity and exploitation of biomass, then considering the identification, production and processing of marine products. Kaiserslautern and Concarneau, August 2005 Roland Ulber and Yves Le Gal

11 Contents Screening for New Metabolites from Marine Microorganisms T.Schweder U.Lindequist M.Lalk... 1 Fatty Acids from Lipids of Marine Organisms: Molecular Biodiversity, Roles as Biomarkers, Biologically Active Compounds, and Economical Aspects J.-P.Bergé G.Barnathan Fish and Shellfish Upgrading, Traceability F.Guérard D.Sellos Y.LeGal Marine Microalgae T.Matsunaga H.Takeyama H.Miyashita H.Yokouchi Marine Enzymes G.Debashish S.Malay S.Barindra M.Joydeep Extreme Environments as a Resource for Microorganisms and Novel Biocatalysts G.Antranikian C.E.Vorgias C.Bertoldo Author Index Volumes Subject Index

12 Contents of Volume 97 Marine Biotechnology II Volume Editors: Yves Le Gal, Roland Ulber ISBN: Aquaculture of Non-Food Organisms for Natural Substance Production G. Liebezeit Bioprocess Engineering Data on the Cultivation of Marine Prokaryotes and Fungi S.Lang M.Hüners V.Lurtz Downstream Processing in Marine Biotechnology K. Muffler R. Ulber Marine Pharmacology: Potentialities in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Osteoporosis and Alzheimer s Disease M.-L. Bourguet-Kondracki J.-M. Kornprobst Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Complex Marine Natural Products J. Hassfeld M. Kalesse T. Stellfeld M. Christmann Seafood Allergy: Lessons from Clinical Symptoms, Immunological Mechanisms and Molecular Biology K. H. Chu C. Y. Tang A. Wu P. S. C. Leung