Advances in Biochemical Engineering / Biotechnology

Transcription

1 Advances in Biochemical Engineering / Biotechnology Managing Editor: T. Scheper Editorial Board: W. Babel - H. W. Blanch C. L. Cooney S.-0. Enfors K.-E. L. Eriksson A. Fiechter A.M. Klibanov B. Mattiasson S. B. Primrose H. J. Rehm P. L. Rogers H. Sahm - K. Schiigerl G. T. Tsao K. Venkat J. Villadsen U. von Stockar. C. Wandrey

2 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Hong Kong London Milan Par is Singapore Tokyo

3 Recent Progress in Bioconversion of Lignocellulosics Volume Editor: G. T. Tsao With contributions by A. P. Brainard, H.R. Bungay, N. J. Cao, P. Cen, Z. Chen, J. Du, B. Foody, C.S. Gong, P. Hall, N. W.Y. Ho, D. C. Irwin, P. Iyer, T. W. Jeffries, C.M. Ladisch, M. R. Ladisch, Y. Y. Lee, N. S. Mosier, H.M. Miihlemann, M. Sedlak, N.-Q. Shi, G.T. Tsao, J.S. Tolan, R. W. Torget, D. B. Wilson, L. Xia Springer

4 Advances in Biochemical EngineeringlBiotechnology reviews actual trends in modern biotechnology. Its aim is to cover all aspects of this interdisciplinary technology where knowledge, methods and expertise are required for chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, genetics, chemical engineering and computer science. Special volumes are dedicated to selected topics in which the interdisciplinary interactions of this technology are reflected. New biotechnological products and new processes for synthesizing and purifying these products are at the center of interest. New discoveries and applications are discussed. In general, special volumes are edited by well known guest editors. The managing editor and publisher will however always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary information. Manuscripts are accepted in English. In references Advances in Biochemical EngineeringIBiotechnology is abbreviated as Adv. Biochem. Engin.1Biotechnol. as a journal. ISSN ISBN Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Library of Congress Catalog Card Number This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. 63 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1999 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Fotosatz-Service Kohler GmbH, Wiirzburg Cover: Design & Production, Heidelberg SPIN: Printed on acid-free paper

5 Managing Editor Professor Dr. T. Scheper Institute of Technical Chemistry University of Hannover Callinstrai3e 3 D HannoverIFRG scheper@rnbox.iftc.uni-hannover.de Volume Editor Prof. Dr. G. T. Tsao Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering 1295 Potter Center, Room 216 Purdue University West Lafayette, IN lUSA tsaogt@ecn.purdue.edu Editorial Board Prof. Dr. W. Babel Prof. Dr. H.W. Blanch Section of Environmental Microbiology Department of Chemical Engineering Leipzig-Halle GmbH University of California PermoserstraBe 15 Berkely, CA USA D LeipzigIFRG blanch@socrates.berkeley.edu babel@umb.ufz.de Prof. Dr. C. L. Cooney Prof. Dr Enfors Department of Chemical Engineering Department of Biochemistry and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Biotechnology 25 Ames Street, Room Royal Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA /USA Teknikringen 34, S StockholmlSweden ccooney@mif.edu olle@biochem.kth.se Prof. Dr. K.-E.L. Eriksson Center for Biological Resource Recovery The University of Georgia A214 Life Science Building Athens, GA lUSA eriksson@uga.cc.uga.edu Prof. Dr. A.M. Klibanov Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139lUSA klibanov@mit.edu Prof. Dr. A. Fiechter Institute of Biotechnology Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ETH-Honggerberg CH-8093 ZiirichISwitzerland ae.fiechter@bluewin.ch Prof. Dr. B. Mattiasson Department of Biotechnology Chemical Center, Lund University P.O. Box 124, S LundISweden bo.maftiasson@biotek.lu.se

6 VT Prof. Dr. S. B. Primrose 21 Amersham Road High Wycombe Bucks HP13 6QSIUK Prof. Dr. P. L. Rogers Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052lAustralia Prof. Dr. K. Schiigerl Institute of Technical Chemistry University of Hannover CallinstraRe 3, D HannoverIFRG Dr. K. Venkat Phyton Incorporation 125 Langmuir Lab. 95 Brown Road Ithaca, NY lUSA E-rnail: Prof. Dr. U. von Stockar Laboratoire de Genie Chimique et Biologique (LGCB) Department de Chimie Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne CH-1015 LausannelSwitzerland E-rnail: Editorial Board Prof. Dr. H. J. Rehm Institute of Microbiology Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Miinster Correnstr. 3, D MiinsterIFRG Prof. Dr. H. Sahm Institute of Biotechnolgy Forschungszentrum Jiilich GmbH D JiilichlFRG Prof. Dr. G. T. Tsao Director Lab. of Renewable Resources Eng. A. A. Potter Eng. Center Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907lUSA E-rnail: Prof. Dr. J. Villadsen Department of Biotechnology Technical University of Denmark Bygning 223 DK-2800 LyngbyIDenmark Prof. Dr. C.Wandrey Institute of Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH D JulichlFRG

7 Attention all "Enzyme Handbook Users: Information on this handbook can be found via the internet at At no charge you can download the complete volume indexes Volumes 1 through 17 from the Springer www server at the above mentioned URL. Just click on the volume you are interested in and receive the list of enzymes according to their EC-numbers.

8 Preface This volume describes recent advances in the bioconversion of lignocellulosics. It starts with two articles on genetics and properties of cellulases and their reaction kinetics and mechanisms. The cost of cellulases has been a hindrance to large scale use of enzymatic hydrolysis. Two articles on cellulase production by submerged fermentation and by solid state fementation are included to describe the state of the art in this area. Dilute acid hydrolysis of cellulose continues to be of interest as well as potentially useful. The most recent advances in this area is also covered. A great deal of progress has been made in genetic engineering for improved regulation of xylose fermentation by yeasts. An article on genetically engineered Saccharomyces for simulteaneous fermentation of glucose and xylose describes the importance advances made in production of fuel ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. In recent years, there has been increasing interests in recycling and the reuse of scrap paper as well as environment considerations. A contribution is presented which describes the research perspectives in that area. Finally, recent advances in the use of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of ethanol and organic acids are presented in two articles. Renewable resources are inevitably of great importance in the years to come. There is a never-ending search for better living conditions for human beings. The more resource materials can be recycled, the richer we will be. Bioconversion of lignocellulosics, natural and man-made, is an important link in that cycle. Extensive use of renewable resources will also slow down continued deterioration of the environment. Advances are being made as this volume is being put together. Another volume on the same subject, perhaps, should be prepared in another ten years or ever sooner. March 1999 George T. Tsao

9 Contents Genetics and Properties of Cellulases D.B.Wilson, D.C. Irwin... 1 Reaction Kinetics, Molecular Action, and Mechanisms of Cellulolytic Proteins N. S. Mosier, P. Hall, C. M. Ladisch, M. R. Ladisch Cellulase from Submerged Fermentation J.S. Tolan, B. Foody Production of Cellulase by Solid-State Fermentation P. Cen,L. Xia Dilute-Acid Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass Y.Y. Lee, P. Iyer, R. W. Torget Genetic Engineering for Improved Xylose Fermentation by Yeasts T. W. Jeffries, N.-Q. Shi Successful Design and Development of Genetically Engineered Saccharomyces Yeasts for Effective Cofermentation of Glucose and Xylose from Cellulosic Biomass to Fuel Ethanol N. W. Y. Ho, Z. Chen, A. P. Brainard, M. Sedlak... Research Perspectives for Bioconversion of Scrap Paper H. M. Miihlemann, H. R. Bungay Ethanol Production from Renewable Resources C. S. Gong, N. J. Cao, J. Du, G.T. Tsao Production of Multifunctional Organic Acids from Renewable Resources G.T. Tsao, N. J. Cao, J. Du, C. S. Gong Author Index Volumes Subject Index